Modelling of Hot Surface Ignition Within Gas Turbines Subject to Flammable Gas in the Intake

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Duedahl Pedersen ◽  
Kenny Krogh Nielsen ◽  
Chungen Yin ◽  
Henrik Sørensen ◽  
Ingar Fossan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Initial Mixture ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Hot Surface Ignition ◽  
Surface Ignition ◽  
Ansys Cfx ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Hot Surface

Controlling risks associated with fires and explosions from leaks of flammable fluids at oil and gas facilities is paramount to ensuring safe operations. The gas turbine is a significant potential source of ignition; however, the residual risk is still not adequately understood. A model has been successfully developed and implemented in the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS CFX. This model is based on a combination of standard models, User Defined Functions (UDFs) and the CFX Expression Language (CEL). Prediction of ignition is based on a set of criteria to be fulfilled while complex kinetics is handled computationally easy by means of a reaction progress variable. The simulation results show a good agreement with the trends experimentally observed in other studies. It is found that the hot surface ignition temperature (HSIT) increases with increase in velocity and turbulence but decreases with increase in initial mixture temperature and pressure. The model shows a great potential in reliable prediction of the risk of hot surface ignition within gas turbines in the oil and gas industry. In the future, a dedicated experimental study will be performed not only to improve the understanding of the risk of hot surface ignition but also to collect experimental data under well-defined conditions to further validate or refine the model.

Case Study of a Gas Turbine Chronic Failure at Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah N. AlKhudhayr ◽  
Abdulrahman M. AlAdel
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Machine Design ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Major Overhaul ◽  
Gas Industry

Abstract A gas turbine is a reliable type of rotating equipment, utilized in various applications. It is well known in power generation and aviation. In the oil and gas industry, gas turbines are utilized in locations with limited electrical power or a high power driven load requirement, such as offshore or a high-rated power 20MW compressor. Five gas turbines are used as mechanical drive equipment. After a few years of operation, the gas turbines were experiencing high operating temperatures in bearings, turbine compartments, high spread temperature, and the presence of smoke in the exhaust. During a major overhaul of the turbines, oil was found to have accumulated internally in the wrapper casing, along with damage to several internal combustion components. In one case, the exhaust casing experienced severe damage with deformation. This paper presents a case study of a gas turbine failure and its contributors. The paper explains the mitigated solution to overcome the challenges related to the gas turbine operation, maintenance, and machine design.

scholarly journals Multiphase Flow Effects in a Horizontal Oil and Gas Separator

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Frank ◽  
Robin Kamenicky ◽  
Dimitris Drikakis ◽  
Lee Thomas ◽  
Hans Ledin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Fluid Mixture ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Gas Separator ◽  
Flow Effects

An oil and gas separator is a device used in the petroleum industry to separate a fluid mixture into its gaseous and liquid phases. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study aiming to identify key design features for optimising the performance of the device, is presented. A multiphase turbulent model is employed to simulate the flow through the separator and identify flow patterns that can impinge on or improve its performance. To verify our assumptions, we consider three different geometries. Recommendations for the design of more cost- and energy-effective separators, are provided. The results are also relevant to broader oil and gas industry applications, as well as applications involving stratified flows through channels.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic Study of Oil Leakage in Pipeline via CFD

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 170178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgana de Vasconcellos Araújo ◽  
Severino Rodrigues de Farias Neto ◽  
Antonio Gilson Barbosa de Lima ◽  
Flávia Daylane Tavares de Luna
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Transient Pressure ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Ansys Cfx ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

This paper describes the transient dynamics behavior of oil flow in a pipe with the presence of one or two leaks through fluid dynamics simulations using the Ansys CFX commercial software. The pipe section is three-dimensional with a pipe length of 10 m, a pipe diameter of 20 cm, and leak diameter of 1.6 mm. The interest of this work is to evaluate the influence of the flow velocity, and the number and position of leaks on the transient pressure behavior. These new data may provide support for more efficient detection systems. Thus, this work intends to contribute to the development of tools of operations in oil and gas industry.

Casing Distortion of GE Frame 3 Gas Turbines

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Mitchell ◽  
Henry L. Bernstein ◽  
Peggy L. Talley
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Turbine Casing ◽  
Water Cooling System

A study of casing distortion in General Electric MS3002 gas turbines used in the oil and gas industry revealed significant distortion for MS3002 Models C through G. The primary distortion problem was ovalization of the turbine casing, which could occur in either the horizontal or vertical directions. Malfunctioning of the water cooling system, or improper disassembly and assembly procedures can cause casing distortion. The MS3002 Models A-G gas turbines have water cooled turbine casings, and malfunctioning of their cooling water systems, regardless of distortion, is also a significant problem.

Matching of Gas Turbines and Centrifugal Compressors: Oil and Gas Industry Practice

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Taher ◽  
Cyrus Meher-Homji
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Compressor Design ◽  
Selection Of

Gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors are widely used in the oil and gas industry. In evaluating the optimum selection of gas turbine drivers for centrifugal compressors, one of the main objectives should be to verify proper integration and matching of the centrifugal compressor to its gas turbine driver. Gas turbines are of standard designs, while centrifugal compressors are specifically designed to meet customer requirements. The purchaser should clearly specify process requirements and define possible operating scenarios for the entire life of the gas turbine driven centrifugal compressor train. Process requirements defined by the purchaser, will be used by the compressor designer to shape the aero-thermodynamic behavior of the compressor and characterize compressor performance. When designing a centrifugal compressor to be driven by a specific gas turbine, other design requirements are automatically introduced to centrifugal compressor design. Off-design performance, optimum power turbine speeds at site conditions as well as optimum power margin required for a future-oriented design must all be considered. Design and off-design performance of the selected gas turbine at site conditions influences the final selection of a properly matched centrifugal compressor design. In order to evaluate different designs and select the most technically viable solution, the purchaser should have a clear understanding of the factors influencing a proper match for a centrifugal compressor and its gas turbine driver. This paper discusses criteria for evaluating the most efficient combination of a centrifugal compressor and its gas turbine driver as an integral package from a purchaser’s viewpoint. It also addresses API standard requirements on gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors.

Explosion risk on offshore and onshore facilities—is there an explosion risk problem or an explosion modelling problem?

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Ingar Fossan ◽  
Sverre Nodland
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Ultimate Outcome ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Explosion Risk

Management of the risk related to the loss of containment of flammable fluid is paramount to ensure safe operations at facilities processing or storing flammable fluids. According to best industry practice, an extensive set of safety functions—including measures that reduce the frequency of initiating events (e.g. leaks) and measures that mitigate consequences in case of ignition—are implemented in design to control the risk. Adopting the risk-based design principles that are commonly enforced in the oil and gas industry, the performance of implemented safety barriers are assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively using different methodologies such as hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP), failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), and quantitative risk analysis (QRA). The ultimate outcome from the QRA methodology is used to assess the overall risk level as well as to assess dimensioning accidental loads (DALs) for equipment and structures that will ensure a design that is within the tolerable risk level set for the facility. An accurate assessment of DALs resulting from fires and explosion is crucial to manage both the risk and corresponding cost driving factors. The most critical safety barrier in this regard is to minimise leaks and thereafter to prevent ignition of the dispersed flammable fluid. A fundamental safety design principle is to find ways to avoid the occurrence of incidents rather than implement measures that mitigate consequences. This peer-reviewed paper demonstrates the significance of modelling the safety functions that are in place to ensure that the initial leak does not ignite by presenting a case example for different layouts of a conventional jacket installation with gas turbines. It is concluded that the difference between various available ignition models can be more prominent than the uncertainty related to any other model element in the QRA. To uncover potential hazards not reflected by the model and identify optimal control measures, the effect of the ignition model applied should be investigated in detail for installations where the QRA displays a prominent fire and explosion frequency.

A reinforcement learning approach to optimal part flow management for gas turbine maintenance

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Michele Compare ◽  
Luca Bellani ◽  
Enrico Cobelli ◽  
Enrico Zio ◽  
Francesco Annunziata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Sequential Decision ◽  
Flow Management ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Maintenance Process

We consider the maintenance process of gas turbines used in the Oil and Gas industry: the capital parts are first removed from the gas turbines and replaced by parts of the same type taken from the warehouse; then, they are repaired at the workshop and returned to the warehouse for use in future maintenance events. Experience-based rules are used to manage the flow of the parts for a profitable gas turbine operation. In this article, we formalize the part flow management as a sequential decision problem and propose reinforcement learning for its solution. An application to a scaled-down case study derived from real industrial practice shows that reinforcement learning can find policies outperforming those based on experience-based rules.

Kongsberg Gas Turbines Through Fifty Years: A Review of the Products and the History

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Naess
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The North ◽  
New Business ◽  
Emergency Power

In 1964 Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk AS decided to develop a small gas turbine for power generation, primarily for stand-by and emergency power. The engine was called the KG2 and had a unique all radial rotor design which was to become the trade mark for the later Kongsberg designs. The onset of the oil exploration in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea in the 1970’s gave the new business an opportunity to qualify for continuous drive applications and to expand into the international oil- and gas industry. In the following years a larger engine, the KG5, was launched and a third engine program was initiated, but never completed. The gas turbine know-how that was established in Kongsberg in these years was of great significance to the overall Norwegian gas turbine competence environment and was a deciding factor when Dresser-Rand first partnered with and later, in 1987, acquired the business. Under the new ownership the company became able to offer compressor- and power generation packages based on large aero-derivative gas turbines and it was soon recognized as a significant supplier, both nationally and internationally. The present paper provides a review of some of the unique design features of the KG series of engines as well as some of the typical applications. It also describes the transformation of the company from a small industrial gas turbine supplier to the recognized supplier of large, compressor- and power generation packages for the oil and gas industry.

Experiments and CFD Predictions of Particles Velocity and Trajectory in Flow with Non-Newtonian Fluid through a Partially Obstructed Duct

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabele Cristina Bicalho ◽  
Dyovani Bruno Lima dos Santos ◽  
Carlos Henrique Ataíde ◽  
Claudio Roberto Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Newtonian Fluid ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Good Agreement

Dynamic of particles in annular fluid flow is a very relevant subject for many industrial applications, especially for the oil and gas industry. Successful drilling is, to a large extent, dependent upon the ability of the drilling fluid to clean the hole by conveying the cuttings to the surface. The aim of this work was to evaluate experimentally and through numerical simulations, the helical path and the axial mean velocity developed by glass beads with diameter of 2.7 mm flowing with a non-Newtonian fluid through a partially obstructed annulus. Experimental data are reported for flow of 1 m3/h of an aqueous solution with 0.5% Xanthan gum through concentric annulus with partial obstruction of 6 mm and a 183 rpm rotation of the inner cylinder. Techniques of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were applied to obtain detailed information about the flow field, allowing to estimate the radial position of launching of particles in the range of 35.5 mm to 39.1 mm. Comparisons between numerical calculations and the flow data indicated, in general, a very good agreement.

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