Performance Influences of Hydrogen Enriched Fuel on Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines in Combined Cycle Power Plants

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Georg Seydel
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption ◽  
High Flexibility

In order to meet the ambitious reduction targets for future CO2 emissions and fossil fuel consumption, the extension of renewable power systems is mandatory. One main issue is the fluctuating and unpredictable availability of renewable energy. With a higher portion of renewable energy, a secure electricity supply becomes more challenging. On days with high electricity demand but low availability of renewable energy, fossil back up power plants with high flexibility and efficiency are needed. Most applicable for this requirements are combined cycle power plants, which provide both high flexibility and efficiency. On the other hand potential renewable energy is wasted during days with low electricity demand but high available renewable energy, because electricity cannot be stored yet economically in such vast amounts. In order to use the available renewable energy more efficiently, hydrogen could be produced via electrolysis during phases of surplus available renewable energy. The hydrogen serves as a high density energy storage, which can be used as an alternative fuel in combined cycle power plants for a highly efficient reconversion into electricity if necessary. In this study it is analyzed how the usage of hydrogen as the burner fuel will influence the performance of combined cycle power plants. Therefore the on- and off-design performance of a state of the art combined cycle power plant will be calculated at different ratios of hydrogen mixtures with natural gas. The thermodynamic calculations are made with the performance software GTlab of the German Aerospace Center. Furthermore the natural gas and CO2 savings for different hydrogen ratios will be quantified. The results show that the usage of hydrogen enriched fuel increases the combined cycle efficiency and power output. Accordingly a considerable reduction in CO2 emissions and fossil fuel consumption is possible.

scholarly journals Using Quantile Regression to Analyze the Relationship between Socioeconomic Indicators and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in G20 Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7011
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz A. Alotaibi ◽  
Naif Alajlan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption

Numerous studies addressed the impacts of social development and economic growth on the environment. This paper presents a study about the inclusive impact of social and economic factors on the environment by analyzing the association between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and two socioeconomic indicators, namely, Human Development Index (HDI) and Legatum Prosperity Index (LPI), under the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. To this end, we developed a two-stage methodology. At first, a multivariate model was constructed that accurately explains CO2 emissions by selecting the appropriate set of control variables based on model quality statistics. The control variables include GDP per capita, urbanization, fossil fuel consumption, and trade openness. Then, quantile regression was used to empirically analyze the inclusive relationship between CO2 emissions and the socioeconomic indicators, which revealed many interesting results. First, decreasing CO2 emissions was coupled with inclusive socioeconomic development. Both LPI and HDI had a negative marginal relationship with CO2 emissions at quantiles from 0.2 to 1. Second, the EKC hypothesis was valid for G20 countries during the study period with an inflection point around quantile 0.15. Third, the fossil fuel consumption had a significant positive relation with CO2 emissions, whereas urbanization and trade openness had a negative relation during the study period. Finally, this study empirically indicates that effective policies and policy coordination on broad social, living, and economic dimensions can lead to reductions in CO2 emissions while preserving inclusive growth.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSALITY OF CO2 EMISSIONS, CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL FUELS, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA IN 1990-2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Melati Intan Kurnia ◽  
Hadi Sasana ◽  
Yustirania Septiani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption

<p><em>Increasing economic growth will spark against increased energy consumption. But on the other hand, increasing economic growth will also trigger the occurrence of natural damage and degradation of environmental quality derived from CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions are caused by oxidation process of fossil fuel energy. This research aims to know the causality relationship between CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption, electricity consumption, and economic growth in Indonesia, as well as long-term relationship between CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption, electricity consumption, to economic growth in Indonesia in 1990 – 2019. The used data is the secondary data that is in the form of data time series. The dependent variables of this study are economic growth, while independent variables are CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption, electricity consumption. The method that is used in this study is Vector Error Correction Model. The results showed that there was a one-way causality between economic growth and fossil fuel consumption, and between electricity consumption and CO2 emissions. The research also shows that on long-term CO2 emissions has a negative influence, while the consumption of fossil fuels and electricity has a positive effect on Indonesia's economic growth in 1990-2019.</em></p><p><strong><em>K</em></strong><strong><em>eywords</em></strong><em>: CO2, Energy Consumption, Economic Growth.</em></p>

Performance Optimization of Advanced Power Plants Based on Fossil Fuel Decarbonization Technologies

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gambini ◽  
Michela Vellini
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Percentage Points

In this paper two options for H2 production, by means of fossil fuels, are presented and their performances are evaluated when they are integrated with advanced H2/air cycles. In this investigation two different schemes have been analyzed: an advanced combined cycle power plant (CC) and a new advanced mixed cycle power plant (AMC). The two methods for producing H2 are as follows: • partial oxidation of methane; • gasification of coal. These hydrogen production plants require material and energetic integrations with the power section and the best interconnections must be investigated in order to obtain good overall performance. With reference to thermodynamic and economic performance, significant comparisons have been made between the above mentioned reference plants. An efficiency decrease and an increase in the cost of electricity have been obtained when power plants are equipped with a fossil fuel decarbonization section. The main results of the performed investigation are quite variable among the different H2 production technologies here considered: the efficiency decreases in a range of 5.5 percentage points to nearly 10 for the partial oxidation of the natural gas and in a range of 6.2–6.4 percentage points for the coal gasification. The electricity production cost increases in a range of about 33–37% for the first option and in a range of about 24–32% for the second one. The clean use of coal seems to have very good potentiality because, in comparison with natural gas decarbonisation, it allows lower energy penalizations (about 6 percentage points) and lower economic increases (about 24% for the CC).

scholarly journals Toward consistency between bottom-up CO<sub>2</sub> emissions trends and top-down atmospheric measurements in the Los Angeles megacity

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (20) ◽  
pp. 29591-29638 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Newman ◽  
X. Xu ◽  
K. R. Gurney ◽  
Y.-K. Hsu ◽  
K.-F. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Gasoline Taxes

Abstract. Large urban emissions of greenhouse gases result in large atmospheric enhancements relative to background that are easily measured. Using CO2 mole fractions and Δ14C and δ13C values of CO2 in the Los Angeles megacity observed in inland Pasadena (2006–2013) and coastal Palos Verdes peninsula (autumn 2009–2013), we have determined time series for CO2 contributions from fossil fuel combustion for both sites and broken those down into contributions from petroleum/gasoline and natural gas burning for Pasadena. We find a 10 % reduction in Pasadena CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion during the Great Recession of 2008–2010, which is consistent with the bottom-up inventory determined by the California Air Resources Board. The isotopic variations and total atmospheric CO2 from our observations are used to infer seasonality of natural gas and petroleum combustion. For natural gas, inferred emissions are out of phase with the seasonal cycle of total natural gas combustion seasonal patterns in bottom-up inventories but are consistent with the seasonality of natural gas usage by the area's electricity generating power plants. For petroleum, the inferred seasonality of CO2 emissions from burning petroleum is delayed by several months relative to usage indicated by statewide gasoline taxes. Using the high-resolution Hestia-LA data product to compare emissions from parts of the basin sampled by winds at different times of year, we find that variations in observed fossil fuel CO2 reflect seasonal variations in wind direction. The seasonality of the local CO2 excess from fossil fuel combustion along the coast, on Palos Verdes peninsula, is higher in fall and winter than spring and summer, almost completely out of phase with that from Pasadena, also because of the annual variations of winds in the region. Variations in fossil fuel CO2 signals are consistent with sampling the bottom-up Hestia-LA fossil CO2 emissions product for sub-city source regions in the LA megacity domain when wind directions are considered.

CO2 Emission Abatement in CC-IGCC Power Plants: Energy and Economic Comparisons

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gambini ◽  
Michela Vellini
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Global Efficiency

In this paper two methodologies, able to avoid CO2 dispersion in atmosphere, have been analyzed: • treating exhaust gases in order to remove, liquefy and store the produced carbon dioxide; • de-carbonizing fossil fuels before using them in the combustion in order to inhibit completely carbon dioxide production. These methodologies have been implemented in advanced power plants based on gas turbine: a combined cycle power plant (CC), fed by natural gas, and an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), fed by coal. The exhaust gas treatment is based on a chemical process of absorption, while the fossil fuel decarbonization is based on partial oxidation of methane, steam methane reforming and coal gasification. These systems require material and energetic integrations with the power sections and so the best interconnections must be investigated in order to obtain good overall performance. With reference to thermodynamic and economic performance, significant comparisons have been made between the above mentioned reference plants. An efficiency decrease and an increase in the cost of electricity have been obtained when power plants are equipped with systems able to reduce CO2 emissions. However, in order to obtain low CO2 emissions when coal is used, the coal decarbonization must be implemented: in this case it is possible to attain a global efficiency of about 38%, a specific emission of 0.1117 kg/kWh and an increase of kWh cost of about 32%. Vice versa, in order to obtain low CO2 emissions when natural gas is used, the exhaust gas treatment must be implemented: in this case it is possible to attain a global efficiency of about 50.7%, a specific emission of 0.0391 kg/kWh and an increase of kWh cost of about 15%. The clean use of coal seems to have good potential because it allows low energy penalizations (about 7.5 percentage points) and economic increases of about 32%. Because of the great availability, the homogeneous distribution and the low cost of this fuel, these results seem to be very interesting especially in the viewpoint of a transition towards the “hydrogen economy”, based, at least in the medium term, on fossil fuels.

Opportunities for CO2 Capture and Storage in Iranian Electricity Generation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshid Zabihian ◽  
Alan S. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Co2 Capture And Storage ◽  
And Storage

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) systems are technologies that can be used to reduce CO2 emissions by different industries where combustion is part of the process. A major problem of CCS system utilization in electricity generation industry is their high efficiency penalty in power plants. For different types of power plants fueled by oil, natural gas and coal, there are three main techniques that can be applied: • CO2 capture after combustion (post-combustion); • CO2 capture after concentration of flue gas by using pure oxygen in boilers and furnaces (oxy-fuel power plant); • CO2 capture before combustion (pre-combustion). More than 90% of electricity generation in Iran is based on fossil fuel power plants. Worldwide, electricity generation is responsible for 54% of GHG emissions. Thus, it is vital to reduce CO2 emission in fossil fuel-fired power plants. In this paper, it is shown that, by applying CO2 capture systems in power generation industry, very low CO2 emission intensity is possible but the energy and economic penalties are substantial. The analyses showed that for different technologies efficiency penalty could be as high as 25% and cost of electricity might increase by more than 65%. Two scenarios for Iranian electricity generation sector were investigated in this paper: installing CCS in the existing power plants with current technologies and replacing existing power plants by natural gas combined cycle plants equipped with CO2 capture system. The results revealed that the GHG intensity can be reduced from 610 to 79 gCO2eq/kWh in the first scenario and to 54 gCO2eq/kWh in the second scenario.

Analysis of Solar-Thermal Power Plants With Thermal Energy Storage and Solar-Hybrid Operation Strategy

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Giuliano ◽  
Reiner Buck ◽  
Santiago Eguiguren
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Solar Thermal Power ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Base Load

Selected solar-hybrid power plants for operation in base-load as well as midload were analyzed regarding supply security (dispatchable power due to hybridization with fossil fuel) and low CO2 emissions (due to integration of thermal energy storage). The power plants were modeled with different sizes of solar fields and different storage capacities and analyzed on an annual basis. The results were compared to each other and to a conventional fossil-fired combined cycle in terms of technical, economical, and ecological figures. The results of this study show that in comparison to a conventional fossil-fired combined cycle, the potential to reduce the CO2 emissions is high for solar-thermal power plants operated in base-load, especially with large solar fields and high storage capacities. However, for dispatchable power generation and supply security it is obvious that in any case a certain amount of additional fossil fuel is required. No analyzed solar-hybrid power plant shows at the same time advantages in terms of low CO2 emissions and low levelized electricity cost (LEC). While power plants with solar-hybrid combined cycle (SHCC®, Particle-Tower) show interesting LEC, the power plants with steam turbine (Salt-Tower, Parabolic Trough, CO2-Tower) have low CO2 emissions.

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