Design, Evaluation and Performance Analysis of Staged Low Emission Combustors

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gajanana B. Hegde ◽  
Bhupendra Khandelwal ◽  
Vishal Sethi ◽  
Riti Singh
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Theoretical Design ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
And Performance

The most uncertain and challenging part in the design of a gas turbine has long been the combustion chamber. There has been large number of experimentations in industries and universities alike to better understand the dynamic and complex processes that occur inside a combustion chamber. This study concentrates on gas turbine combustors as a whole, and formulates a theoretical design procedure for staged combustors in particular. Not much of literatures available currently in public domain provide intensive study on designing staged combustors. The work covers an extensive study of design methods applied in conventional combustor designs, which includes the reverse flow combustor and the axial flow annular combustors. The knowledge acquired from this study is then applied to develop a theoretical design methodology for double staged (radial and axial) low emission annular combustors. Additionally a model combustor is designed for each type; radial and axial staging using the developed methodology. A prediction of the performance for the model combustors is executed. The main conclusion is that the dimensions of model combustors obtained from the developed design methodology are within the feasibility limits. The comparison between the radially staged and the axially staged combustor has yielded the predicted results such as lower NOx prediction for the latter and shorter combustor length for the former. The NOx emission result of the new combustor models are found to be in the range of 50–60ppm. However the predicted NOx results are only very crude and need further detailed study.

Design, Evaluation and Performance Analysis of Staged Low Emission Combustors

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupendra Khandelwal ◽  
Olamilekan Banjo ◽  
Vishal Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Theoretical Design ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
And Performance

The most uncertain and challenging part in the design of a gas turbine has long been the combustion chamber. There has been a large number of experimentations in industry and universities alike to better understand the dynamic and complex processes that occur inside a combustion chamber. This study concentrates on gas turbine combustors, as a whole, and formulates a theoretical design procedure for staged combustors, in particular. Not much of the literature currently available in the public domain provides intensive study on designing staged combustors. The work covers an extensive study of the design methods applied in conventional combustor designs, which includes the reverse flow combustor and the axial flow annular combustors. The knowledge acquired from this study is then applied to develop a theoretical design methodology for double staged (radial and axial) low emission annular combustors. Additionally, a model combustor is designed for each type, radial and axial, of staging using the developed methodology. A prediction of the performance of the model combustors is executed. The main conclusion is that the dimensions of the model combustors obtained from the developed design methodology are within the feasibility limits. The comparison between the radially staged and the axially staged combustor has yielded the predicted results such as a lower NOx prediction for the latter and a shorter combustor length for the former. The NOx emission results of the new combustor models are found to be in the range of 50–60 ppm. However, the predicted NOx results are only very crude and need further detailed study.

Performance prediction of axial flow compressors using stage characteristics and simultaneous calculation of interstage parameters

2001 ◽  
Vol 215 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Song ◽  
T. S. Kim ◽  
J. H. Kim ◽  
S. T. Ro
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Performance Estimation ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Functional Formulation ◽  
Compressor Inlet ◽  
Multistage Compressors ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Axial Flow Compressors

A new method for predicting performance of multistage axial flow compressors is proposed that utilizes stage performance curves. The method differs from the conventional sequential stage-stacking method in that it employs simultaneous calculation of all interstage variables (temperature, pressure and flow velocity). A consistent functional formulation of governing equations enables this simultaneous calculation. The method is found to be effective, i.e. fast and stable, in obtaining solutions for compressor inlet and outlet boundary conditions encountered in gas turbine analyses. Another advantage of the method is that the effect of changing the angles of movable stator vanes on the compressor's operating behaviour can be simulated easily. Accordingly, the proposed method is very suitable for complicated gas turbine system analysis. This paper presents the methodology and performance estimation results for various multistage compressors employing both fixed and variable vane setting angles. The effect of interstage air bleeding on compressor performance is also demonstrated.

Study of Sequential Two-Stage Combustion in a Low-Emission Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 806-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Bulysova ◽  
A. L. Berne ◽  
V. D. Vasil’ev ◽  
M. N. Gutnik ◽  
M. M. Gutnik
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Stage Combustion ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustion

Component Testing and Prototype Commissioning of MAN’s New Gas Turbine in the 6 MW-Class

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Wiedermann ◽  
Ulrich Orth ◽  
Emil Aschenbruck ◽  
Frank Reiss ◽  
Dietmar Krüger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Precision Engineering ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Component Testing ◽  
High Standards ◽  
And Performance

MAN Diesel & Turbo has developed a new gas turbine in the 6 MW-class for both mechanical drive and power generation applications. The lay-out of the Gas Turbine has been driven by opportunities in current and future markets and the positioning of the competition, and this has determined the characteristics and technical parameters which have been optimized in the 6 MW design. The design makes use of extremely high precision engineering so that the assembly of sub components to modules is a smooth flowing process and can guarantee both the high standards in quality and performance which MAN Diesel & Turbo is aiming for. Individual components have been tested and thoroughly validated. These tests include in particular the compressor of the gas turbine and the combustion chamber. The commissioning of the gas turbine prototype engine had been prepared with a numerous number of measuring probes and carried out at the Oberhausen plant gas turbine test field. Results of component and the gas turbine prototype tests will be presented and discussed.

Simplified Design of Combustion Chamber for Small Gas Turbine Applications

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Digvijay B. Kulshreshtha ◽  
S. A. Channiwala
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Radial Temperature ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Design Methodologies ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Discrete Manner ◽  
Centerline Temperature

The combustion chamber of gas turbine unit is one of the most critical components to be designed. Scanning through literature reveals that the design methodologies for combustion chamber are available in a discrete manner and there exist a need to compile this information and evolve a systematic design procedure for combustion chamber. The present paper is an attempt towards presenting such a complete design methodology of combustion chamber for small gas turbine applications. The combustion chamber for the 20 kW gas turbine engine has been designed and fabricated as per these summarized design guidelines then checked for the axial and radial temperature profiles as well as liner wall temperatures, experimentally. The liner wall temperatures achieved is in the vicinity of 300°C when centerline temperature is of the order of 1300°C. This adequately validates the design methodologies proposed in this paper.

Actuation Studies for Active Control of Mild Combustion for Gas Turbine Application

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilien Varea ◽  
Stephan Kruse ◽  
Heinz Pitsch ◽  
Thivaharan Albin ◽  
Dirk Abel
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Combustion Regime ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Mild Combustion

MILD combustion (Moderate or Intense Low Oxygen Dilution) is a well known technique that can substantially reduce high temperature regions in burners and thereby reduce thermal NOx emissions. This technology has been successfully applied to conventional furnace systems and seems to be an auspicious concept for reducing NOx and CO emissions in stationary gas turbines. To achieve a flameless combustion regime, fast mixing of recirculated burnt gases with fresh air and fuel in the combustion chamber is needed. In the present study, the combustor concept is based on the reverse flow configuration with two concentrically arranged nozzles for fuel and air injections. The present work deals with the active control of MILD combustion for gas turbine applications. For this purpose, a new concept of air flow rate pulsation is introduced. The pulsating unit offers the possibility to vary the inlet pressure conditions with a high degree of freedom: amplitude, frequency and waveform. The influence of air flow pulsation on MILD combustion is analyzed in terms of NOx and CO emissions. Results under atmospheric pressure show a drastic decrease of NOx emissions, up to 55%, when the pulsating unit is active. CO emissions are maintained at a very low level so that flame extinction is not observed. To get more insights into the effects of pulsation on combustion characteristics, velocity fields in cold flow conditions are investigated. Results show a large radial transfer of flow when pulsation is activated, hence enhancing the mixing process. The flame behavior is analyzed by using OH* chemiluminescence. Images show a larger distributed reaction region over the combustion chamber for pulsation conditions, confirming the hypothesis of a better mixing between fresh and burnt gases.

The Design and Performance of a Reverse Flow Combustion System for the TP 500 Gas Turbine Engine

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Carr ◽  
H. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Spray Combustion ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Turboprop Engine ◽  
And Performance

The TP 500 is a 525 SHP turboprop engine being produced by Teledyne Continental Motors for general aviation use. This paper describes the design and performance of the reverse flow fan spray combustion system being supplied for this engine. The main features of the design are described in some detail, together with the performance of the system as established in the combustion test facility at AIT Ltd and covering light-up to Take-Off conditions and sea level to 6km altitude.

Preliminary design and performance analysis of a low emission aero-derived gas turbine combustor

2013 ◽  
Vol 117 (1198) ◽  
pp. 1249-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Khandelwal ◽  
A. Karakurt ◽  
V. Sethi ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
Z. Quan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Detailed Method ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Heat Shields ◽  
Lean Fuel ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Modern gas turbine combustor design is a complex task which includes both experimental and empirical knowledge. Numerous parameters have to be considered for combustor designs which include combustor size, combustion efficiency, emissions and so on. Several empirical correlations and experienced approaches have been developed and summarised in literature for designing conventional combustors. A large number of advanced technologies have been successfully employed to reduce emissions significantly in the last few decades. There is no literature in the public domain for providing detailed design methodologies of triple annular combustors. The objective of this study is to provide a detailed method designing a triple annular dry low emission industrial combustor and evaluate its performance, based on the operating conditions of an industrial engine. The design methodology employs semi-empirical and empirical models for designing different components of gas turbine combustors. Meanwhile, advanced DLE methods such as lean fuel combustion, premixed methods, staged combustion, triple annular, multi-passage diffusers, machined cooling rings, DACRS and heat shields are employed to cut down emissions. The design process is shown step by step for design and performance evaluation of the combustor. The performance of this combustor is predicted, it shows that NO x emissions could be reduced by 60%-90% as compared with conventional single annular combustors.

The Development of an Axial Flow Gas Turbine for Jet Propulsion

1947 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 471-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Jet Propulsion ◽  
Flow Type ◽  
Company Limited ◽  
Flow Compressor ◽  
Main Component

The paper reviews the technical development of the F2 jet propulsion engine, an axial flow gas turbine designed and manufactured by the Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Company, Limited, under contract from the Ministry of Aircraft Production. An account is given of the preliminary work in 1938–9, in collaboration with the Royal Aircraft Establishment, on gas turbines for aircraft propulsion. The development of a simple jet engine of the axial flow type was started in July 1940. The first engine ran on bench test in December 1941. The first flights took place in June 1943 on a flying testbed, and in November 1943 on a jet-propelled aircraft. The evolution of engines of this type, leading up to the current F2/4 jet propulsion engine, is described. Each main component of the engine—the axial flow compressor, the annular combustion chamber and the high temperature turbine—necessitated extensive development work in fields previously unexplored; the methods used in the development of these and other components are explained. The F2 engine was the first British jet propulsion engine of axial flow type, and it is also unique amongst British engines in the straight-through design and annular combustion chamber that gives an exceptionally low frontal area.

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