A Numerical Study Into the Effects of Bio-Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosine Blends With Jet-A Fuel for Civil Aircraft Engine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Musfirah Mazlan ◽  
Mark Savill ◽  
Timos Kipouros ◽  
Yi-Guang Li
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Civil Aircraft ◽  
Point Condition ◽  
Fuel Costs

Growing concerns regarding fluctuating fuel costs and pollution targets for gas emissions, have led the aviation industry to seek alternative technologies to reduce its dependency on crude oil, and its net emissions. Recently blends of bio-fuel with kerosine, have become an alternative solution as they offer “greener” aircraft and reduce demand on crude oil. Interestingly, this technique is able to be implemented in current aircraft as it does not require any modification to the engine. Therefore, the present study investigates the effect of blends of bio-synthetic paraffinic kerosine with Jet-A in a civil aircraft engine, focusing on its performance and exhaust emissions. Two bio-fuels are considered: Jatropha Bio-synthetic Paraffinic Kerosine (JSPK) and Camelina Bio-synthetic Paraffinic Kerosine (CSPK); there are evaluated as pure fuels, and as 10% and 50% blend with Jet-A. Results obtained show improvement in thrust, fuel flow and SFC as composition of bio-fuel in the blend increases. At design point condition, results on engine emissions show reduction in NOx, and CO, but increases of CO is observed at fixed fuel condition, as the composition of bio-fuel in the mixture increases.

Prediction of aircraft engine emissions using ADS-B flight data

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
A. Filippone ◽  
B. Parkes ◽  
N. Bojdo ◽  
T. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Seasonal Basis ◽  
Emissions Inventories ◽  
Aviation Emissions

ABSTRACT Real-time flight data from the Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS-B) has been integrated, through a data interface, with a flight performance computer program to predict aviation emissions at altitude. The ADS-B, along with data from Mode-S, are then used to ‘fly’ selected long-range aircraft models (Airbus A380-841, A330-343 and A350-900) and one turboprop (ATR72). Over 2,500 flight trajectories have been processed to demonstrate the integration between databases and software systems. Emissions are calculated for altitudes greater than 3,000 feet (609m) and exclude landing and take-off cycles. This proof of concept fills a gap in the aviation emissions inventories, since it uses real-time flights and produces estimates at a very granular level. It can be used to analyse emissions of gases such as carbon dioxide ( $\mathrm{CO}_2$ ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides ( $\mathrm{NO}_x$ ) and water vapour on a specific route (city pair), for a specific aircraft, for an entire fleet, or on a seasonal basis. It is shown how $\mathrm{NO}_x$ and water vapour emissions concentrate around tropospheric altitudes only for long-range flights, and that the cruise range is the biggest discriminator in the absolute value of these and other exhaust emissions.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Rate of Fuel Consumption in Aircrafts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8066
Author(s):  
Thowayeb H. Hassan ◽  
Abu Elnasr E. Sobaih ◽  
Amany E. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variance ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Ground Distance ◽  
The Cost

The cost of fuel and its availability are among the most major concerns for aircrafts and the aviation industry overall. Environmental difficulties with chemical pollutant emissions emitted by aviation machines are also connected to fuel consumption. As a result, it is crucial to examine factors that affect the overall fuel usage and consumption in the airport-based aviation industry. Several variables were investigated related to the total fuel consumed, such as dry operating weight (DOW) (KG), zero-fuel weight (ZFW), take-off weight (TOW), air distance (AIR DIST) (KM), and ground distance (GDN DIST). Analysis of the correlation between total fuel consumed as well as the extra fuel and selected variables was conducted. The results showed that the most positively associated factors with the total used fuel were the air distance (r2 = 0.86, p < 0.01), ground distance (r2 = 0.78, p < 0.01), TOW (r2 = 0.68, p < 0.01), and flight time (r2 = 0.68, p < 0.01). There was also a strong positive association between the average fuel flow (FF) and actual TOW (r2 = 0.74, p < 0.01) as well as ZFW (r2 = 0.61, p < 0.01). The generalized linear model (GLM) was utilized to assess the predictions of total energy usage after evaluating important outliers, stability of the homogeneity of variance, and the normalization of the parameter estimation. The results of multiple linear regression revealed that the most significant predictors of the total consumed fuel were the actual ZFW (p < 0.01), actual TOW (p < 0.01), and actual average FF (p < 0.05). The results interestingly confirmed that wind speed has some consequences and effects on arrival fuel usage. The result reflects that thermal and hydrodynamic economies impact on the flying fuel economy. The research has various implications for both scholars and practitioners of aviation industry.

scholarly journals The Design of Technological Instructions for an Assembling the Aircraft Engine

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (18) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Martin Novák ◽  
Petr Daňko ◽  
Martin Lukavský
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Aviation Industry

This article is about a design of new technological instructions for an aviation industry. The goal of the new technological instructions is to replace the old ones. The old instructions are less clear and less suitable for new workers. A change and an upgrade of the new instructions is shown on the technological instructions for disassembling of free turbine´s blades during general overhaul. The free turbine is from the M601 engine. The new instructions should be more efficient and enhanced general overhaul.

scholarly journals Modelling of the Impact of National Standardization on Duopolistic Competition in the Civil Aircraft Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-873
Author(s):  
E. V. Varyukhina ◽  
◽  
V. V. Klochkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Equilibrium Degree ◽  
Aviation Noise ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Civil Aircraft ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to analyze standards as one of the main tools of protectionism in global markets of industrial goods. We use standards for modeling of market competition and adapt this approach for civil aviation markets. The role of local noise standards in civil aircraft markets is discussed. Imposition of more stringent aviation noise standards is modelled in the form of a two-person non-zero-sum game. Players are aircraft corporations that conduct research and development to reduce noise and lobby for stricter regulations in their controlled markets. The model can be used to predict that tighter aviation noise standards will be imposed and to justify the strategy of Russian aviation industry and science. The proposed approach can be adapted for other industries with strict regulations (in terms of safety, ecology). Such estimation allows us to assess whether it is in the country’s interests to participate in the standards race or not. It is shown that the equilibrium degree of standards tightening is higher if the players’ market shares are close to equal or individual players have advantages in the cost of production and/or product improvement is highly likely due to the company’s R&D progress.

scholarly journals Biodiesel, a ochrona środowiska

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Marlena Owczuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
The World

The development of the automotive industry in the world causes high environmental degradation, the main source of this degradation is engine emissions. It is necessary to introduce biofuels prepared from renewable energy sources to the market due to the limited reserve of crude oil and environmental protection. Appropriate new modifications in law regulations have been prepared in European Union. Introducing alternative fuels can reduce the emissions of harmful gases and also decrease the level of pollutions in the environment.

Prediction Enhancement of Machine Learning Using Time Series Modeling in Gas Turbines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipul Goyal ◽  
Mengyu Xu ◽  
Jayanta Kapat ◽  
Ladislav Vesely
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Generalized Additive Model ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Abstract Blade-path temperature can serve as a precursor of anomalies in combustion system and/or cooling system. Given observations from blade-path temperature sensors of a power plant, we consider prediction of the temperature for each sensor. The only extraneous predictor is the combustion turbine fuel flow, while measurements of other potential predictors are unavailable. Long-memory behavior and heterogeneous variance are observed from the residuals of the generalized additive model. Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average (ARFIMA) and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models are employed to fit the residual process, which significantly improve the prediction. Rolling one-step-ahead forecast is studied for each of the sixteen univariate blade-path temperature sensors. Their conditional variances are also estimated. Numerical experiments are performed with manually generated perturbation to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the prediction. Abrupt changes in the temperature are considered in the numerical study with various jump sizes. We also consider slowly increasing trend in the blade-path temperature with different slopes. Our prediction is sensitive given reasonable signal-to-noise ratio. It also has a much lower false positive rate than the generalized additive model prediction from the combustion turbine fuel flow. Difference between the real-time forecast and observation can be deployed to test for anomalies.

scholarly journals Numerical study on the thermal characteristics and its influence factors of crude oil pipeline after restart

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 100455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Dong ◽  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Weiqiang Zhao ◽  
Minglin Si ◽  
Junyang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Oil Pipeline

A Review on Development and Properties of GLARE, an Advanced Aircraft Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 618 ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Ren Zhang ◽  
En Quan Liang ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Conventional Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Civil Aircraft ◽  
Aircraft Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Generation

The history of GLARE laminate was introduced. Through comparison with conventional aluminum alloy sheets, the excellent performance of GLARE as a new generation aeronautic material is discussed. The properties and application of GLARE in large civil aircraft indicates that new composite materials such as GLARE will replace bulk aluminum alloy in future aircraft structure. With the continuous development of material technologies, a trend of developing high strength and low cost composite materials will lead aviation industry to a new stage.

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