Analysis of an Integrated PEMFC/ORC Power System Using Ammonia for Hydrogen Storage

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Borello ◽  
Zaccaria Del Prete ◽  
Andrea Marchegiani ◽  
Franco Rispoli ◽  
Eileen Tortora
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Operation Conditions

The present work deals with a high temperature proton exchange membrane (SPEEK-type) fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) energy system fuelled with hydrogen obtained by reforming of ammonia (NH3) and coupled with a bottoming Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) energy system. This system was designed for distributed electric power generation, mainly for production of electric power systems with potential future applications in smart-grid. The use of ammonia as hydrogen rich gas source allows to avoid hydrogen tanking with metal hydrides, giving the opportunity to lighten and simplify the storage section of the system with respect to the pure hydrogen fed systems. The hybrid fuel cell/ORC configuration allows to increase the efficiency of standard power generation technologies. In other words, the ORC subset represents the most appropriate solution, in terms of sustainability, for extracting the excess heat produced during the H2 combustion maintaining the PEMFC working temperature at 120°C and for reducing the temperature of the exhausts. The objective of the work is to optimize the electric output of the system (PEMFC + ORC), thus improving the overall efficiency. To this end, a numerical model is implemented and tested. A validation of the numerical scheme is carried out comparing the prediction of the reforming phase with experimental results obtained by the authors. The thermal and electrical energy balance is also assessed. Furthermore, the operation conditions of the reformer are studied in detail to determine the settlements leading to a proper ammonia cracking to produce nitrogen and hydrogen. Furthermore, the calculations take into account also the auxiliary equipments such as pumps, compressors and heat exchangers.

scholarly journals Heat Transfer Optimization of NEXA Ballard Low-Temperature PEMFC

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2182
Author(s):  
Artem Chesalkin ◽  
Petr Kacor ◽  
Petr Moldrik
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Heat Distribution ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Heat Transfer Optimization

Hydrogen is one of the modern energy carriers, but its storage and practical use of the newest hydrogen technologies in real operation conditions still is a task of future investigations. This work describes the experimental hydrogen hybrid energy system (HHS). HHS is part of a laboratory off-grid system that stores electricity gained from photovoltaic panels (PVs). This system includes hydrogen production and storage units and NEXA Ballard low-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Fuel cell (FC) loses a significant part of heat during converting chemical energy into electricity. The main purpose of the study was to explore the heat distribution phenomena across the FC NEXA Ballard stack during load with the next heat transfer optimization. The operation of the FC with insufficient cooling can lead to its overheating or even cell destruction. The cause of this undesirable state is studied with the help of infrared thermography and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling with heat transfer simulation across the stack. The distribution of heat in the stack under various loads was studied, and local points of overheating were determined. Based on the obtained data of the cooling air streamlines and velocity profiles, few ways of the heat distribution optimization along the stack were proposed. This optimization was achieved by changing the original shape of the FC cooling duct. The stable condition of the FC stack at constant load was determined.

scholarly journals Modeling and Simulation of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Alongside a Waste Heat Recovery System Based on the Organic Rankine Cycle in MATLAB/SIMULINK Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Sharjeel Ashraf Ansari ◽  
Mustafa Khalid ◽  
Khurram Kamal ◽  
Tahir Abdul Hussain Ratlamwala ◽  
Ghulam Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery System ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is the fastest growing fuel cell technology on the market. Due to their sustainable nature, PEMFCs are widely adopted as a renewable energy resource. Fabricating a PEMFC is a costly process; hence, mathematical modeling and simulations are necessary in order to fully optimize its performance. Alongside this, the feasibility of a waste heat recovery system based on the organic Rankine cycle is also studied and power generation for different operating conditions is presented. The fuel cell produces a power output of 1198 W at a current of 24A. It has 50% efficiency and hence produces an equal amount of waste heat. That waste heat is used to drive an organic Rankine cycle (ORC), which in turn produces an additional 428 W of power at 35% efficiency. The total extracted power hence stands at 1626 W. MATLAB/Simulink R2016a is used for modeling both the fuel cell and the organic Rankine cycle.

Impact of Reformer/Burner Thermal Integration on the Efficiency and Dynamic Response of an Onboard Fuel Processor in an Indirect Methanol Fuel Cell Vehicle

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitaram Ramaswamy ◽  
Meena Sundaresan ◽  
Robert M. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Fuel Processor ◽  
Catalytic Burner ◽  
Thermal Integration ◽  
Alternative Sources

Abstract Using a fuel other than pure hydrogen in a fuel cell vehicle (FCV) employing a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack typically requires an on-board fuel processor to provide hydrogen-rich fuel to the stack. On board fuel processors that generate hydrogen from on-board liquid methanol (and other Hydrocarbons) have been proposed as possible alternative sources of hydrogen needed by the fuel cell. This paper focuses on a methanol fueled fuel processor that using steam reformation process to generate hydrogen. The reformation process involves a steam reformer and a catalytic burner (which provides the necessary energy for the endothermic steam reforming reactions to occur). This paper focuses on the importance of reformer/burner thermal integration and its impact on the dynamic response of the fuel processor. The model uses MATLAB/Simulink software and the simulation provides results for both dynamic response and energy efficiency.

Experimental Results of a PEM System Operated on Hydrogen and Reformate

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Minutillo ◽  
E. Jannelli ◽  
F. Tunzio
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell generator operating for residential applications. The fuel cell performance has been evaluated using the test bed of the University of Cassino. The experimental activity has been focused to evaluate the performance in different operating conditions: stack temperature, feeding mode, and fuel composition. In order to use PEM fuel cell technology on a large scale, for an electric power distributed generation, it could be necessary to feed fuel cells with conventional fuel, such as natural gas, to generate hydrogen in situ because currently the infrastructure for the distribution of hydrogen is almost nonexistent. Therefore, the fuel cell performance has been evaluated both using pure hydrogen and reformate gas produced by a natural gas reforming system.

Hybrid Photovoltaic-Diesel Energy System Optimization (Case Study of Electric Power Supply for Buildings under the Weather Conditions of Montenegro)

2014 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Radovic ◽  
Vera Murgul ◽  
Nikolai Vatin ◽  
Ekaterina Aronova
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Electric Power Supply ◽  
Continuous Power

The article deals with the concept of solar photovoltaic systems use in power supply systems. An analysis of local solar resources potential has been carried out, and optimal orientation points of radiant heat absorbing photovoltaic panels have been chosen to achieve maximum energy performance. Simulation of electric power systems having different configurations has been implemented using the software program Homer. It has been stated that a combination of solar and diesel energy systems is considered to be an optimal solution under the weather conditions of Montenegro. The systems working together make it possible to reduce maintenance costs significantly and adjust capacity generation schedule with due account for energy consumption features to a maximum extent. This allows generating electric power at less cost and results in a more reliable and continuous power supply without failures for a consumer chosen.

scholarly journals Energy-Saving and CO2-Emissions-Reduction Potential of a Fuel Cell Cogeneration System for Condominiums Based on a Field Survey

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6611
Author(s):  
Kazui Yoshida ◽  
Hom B. Rijal ◽  
Kazuaki Bohgaki ◽  
Ayako Mikami ◽  
Hiroto Abe
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Contribution Rate ◽  
Electric Power Generation ◽  
Cogeneration System

A residential cogeneration system (CGS) is highlighted because of its efficient energy usage on both the supplier and consumer sides. It generates electricity and heat simultaneously; however, there is insufficient information on the efficiency according to the condition of usage. In this study, we analysed the performance data measured by the home energy management system (HEMS) and the lifestyle data of residents in a condominium of 356 flats where fuel cell CGS was installed in each flat. The electricity generated by CGS contributed to an approximately 12% reduction in primary energy consumption and CO2 emission, and the rate of generation by the CGS in the electric power demand (i.e., contribution rate) was approximately 38%. The electricity generation was mainly affected by the use of electricity up to 4 MWh/household/year. Gas or water use also impacted electric power generation, with water use as the primary factor affecting the contribution rate. Electric power generation changes monthly, mainly based on the water temperature. From these results, we confirmed that a CGS has substantial potential to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emission in condominiums. Thus, it is recommended for installation of fuel cell CGS in existing and new buildings to contribute to the energy-saving target of the Japanese Government in the residential sector.

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