Development of a New Simulation Program for Combined Cycle System

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Sanaye ◽  
Arash Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Simulation Program ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Compressor Inlet ◽  
And Performance

The turbine inlet gas temperature ( Toso ) is an important parameter in design and performance analysis of gas turbine cycles. By increasing Toso, air bleeding for blade cooling increases and it can be about 25 percent of compressor inlet air mass flow rate for Toso equal to 1600 K. Therefore air bleeding has an important impact on thermal efficiency, specific power output and the optimum compressor pressure ratio at which maximum efficiency occurs. For the gas turbine part of a combined cycle, these performance curves are obtained and shown using a developed simulation program (GTE). Also for heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) part of a combined cycle plant, HRSG simulates the transient and steady state temperature distribution of hot gases, steam and tube metal at different parts of HRSG. Any number of pressure levels (high, intermediate and low) and heating elements (superheater, evaporator and economizer) including desuperheater and deaerator can be included. GTE outputs show less than two percent difference from reported measured values. This difference was less than six percent for HRSG model.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Topping Stage Based on Energy Exchangers: Process and Performance

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Zauner ◽  
Yau-Pin Chyou ◽  
Frederic Walraven ◽  
Rolf Althaus
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
And Performance

Power generation in gas turbines is facing three main challenges today: • Low pollution prescribed by legal requirements. • High efficiency to obtain low operating cost and low CO2 emissions. • High specific power output to obtain low product and installation cost. Unfortunately, some of these requirements are contradictory: high efficiency and specific power force the development towards higher temperatures and pressures which increase NOx emissions and intensify the cooling and material strength problems. A breakthrough can be achieved by applying an energy exchanger as a topping stage. Inherent advantages are the self-cooled cell-rotor which can be exposed to much higher gas temperature than a steady-flow turbine and a very short residence time at peak temperature which keeps NOx emissions under control. The basic idea has been proposed long time ago. Fundamental research has now led to a new energy exchanger concept. Key issues include symmetric pressure-wave processes, partial suppression of flow separation and fluid mixing, as well as quick afterburning in premixed mode. The concept has been proven in a laboratory-scale engine with very promising results. The application of an energy exchanger as a topping stage onto existing gas turbines would increase the efficiency by 17% (relative) and the power by 25%. Since the temperature level in the turbine remains unchanged, the performance improvement can also be fully utilized in combined cycle applications. This process indicates great potentials for developing advanced gas turbine systems as well as for retrofitting existing ones.

Impact of Inlet Fogging on the Performance of Steam Injected Cooled Gas Turbine Based Combined Cycle Power Plant

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Kumar Shukla ◽  
Onkar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant

Gas/steam combined cycle power plants are extensively used for power generation across the world. Today’s power plant operators are persistently requesting enhancement in performance. As a result, the rigour of thermodynamic design and optimization has grown tremendously. To enhance the gas turbine thermal efficiency and specific power output, the research and development work has centered on improving firing temperature, cycle pressure ratio, adopting improved component design, cooling and combustion technologies, and advanced materials and employing integrated system (e.g. combined cycles, intercooling, recuperation, reheat, chemical recuperation). In this paper a study is conducted for combining three systems namely inlet fogging, steam injection in combustor, and film cooling of gas turbine blade for performance enhancement of gas/steam combined cycle power plant. The evaluation of the integrated effect of inlet fogging, steam injection and film cooling on the gas turbine cycle performance is undertaken here. Study involves thermodynamic modeling of gas/steam combined cycle system based on the first law of thermodynamics. The results obtained based on modeling have been presented and analyzed through graphical depiction of variations in efficiency, specific work output, cycle pressure ratio, inlet air temperature & density variation, turbine inlet temperature, specific fuel consumption etc.

Development of an 8MW-Class High-Efficiency Gas Turbine, M7A-03

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Tanimura ◽  
Naoki Murakami ◽  
Akinori Matsuoka ◽  
Katsuhiko Ishida ◽  
Hiroshi Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
Distributed Power Generation

The M7A-03 gas turbine, an 8 MW class, single shaft gas turbine, is the latest model of the Kawasaki M7A series. Because of the high thermal efficiency and the high exhaust gas temperature, it is particularly suitable for distributed power generation, cogeneration and combined-cycle applications. About the development of M7A-03 gas turbine, Kawasaki has taken the experience of the existing M7A-01 and M7A-02 series into consideration, as a baseline. Furthermore, the latest technology of aerodynamics and cooling design, already applied to the 18 MW class Kawasaki L20A, released in 2000, has been applied to the M7A-03. Kawasaki has adopted the design concept for achieving reliability within the shortest possible development period by selecting the same fundamental engine specifications of the existing M7A-02 – mass air flow rate, pressure ratio, TIT, etc. However, the M7A-03 has been attaining a thermal efficiency of greater than 2.5 points higher and an output increment of over 660 kW than the M7A-02, by the improvement in aerodynamic performance of the compressor, turbine and exhaust diffuser, improved turbine cooling, and newer seal technology. In addition, the NOx emission of the combustor is low and the M7A-03 has a long service life. These functions make long-term continuous operation possible under various environmental restraints. Lower life cycle costs are achieved by the engine high performance, and the high-reliability resulting from simple structure. The prototype M7A-03 gas-turbine development test started in the spring of 2006 and it has been confirmed that performance, mechanical characteristics, and emissions have achieved the initial design goals.

Development of the Transpiration Air-Cooled Turbine for High-Temperature Dirty Gas Streams

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wolf ◽  
S. Moskowitz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Flow Capacity

Studies of combined cycle electic power plants have shown that increasing the firing temperature and pressure ratio of the gas turbine can substantially improve the specific power output of the gas turbine as well as the combined cycle plant efficiency. Clearly this is a direction in which we can proceed to conserve the world’s dwindling petroleum fuel supplies. Furthermore, tomorrow’s gas turbines must do more than operate at higher temperature; they will likely face an aggressive hot gas stream created by the combustion of heavier oils or coal-derived liquid or gaseous fuels. Extensive tests have been performed on two rotating turbine rigs, each with a transpiration air cooled turbine operating in the 2600 to 3000°F (1427 to 1649°C) temperature range at increasing levels of gas stream particulates and alkali metal salts to simulate operation on coal-derived fuel. Transpiration air cooling was shown to be effective in maintaining acceptable metal temperatures, and there was no evidence of corrosion, erosion, or deposition. The rate of transpiration skin cooling flow capacity exhibited a minor loss in the initial exposure to the particulate laden gas stream of less than 100 hours, but the flow reduction was commensurate with that produced by normal oxidation of the skin material at the operating temperatures of 1350°F (732°C). The data on skin permeability loss from both cascade and engine tests compared favorably with laboratory furnace oxidation skin specimens. To date, over 10,000 hr of furnace exposure has been conducted. Extrapolation of the data to 50,000 hr indicates the flow capacity loss would produce an acceptable 50°F (10°C) increase in skin operating temperature.

The Optimum Pressure Ratio for a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Plant

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Horlock
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Optimum Pressure ◽  
Turbine Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine Plant ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

A graphical method of calculating the performance of gas turbine cycles, developed by Hawthorne and Davis (1), is adapted to determine the pressure ratio of a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant which will give maximum overall efficiency. The results of this approximate analysis show that the optimum pressure ratio is less than that for maximum efficiency in the higher level (gas turbine) cycle but greater than that for maximum specific work in that cycle. Introduction of reheat into the higher cycle increases the pressure ratio required for maximum overall efficiency.

Evaluation for Scalability of a Combined Cycle Using Gas and Bottoming SCO2 Turbines

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Moroz ◽  
Petr Pagur ◽  
Oleksii Rudenko ◽  
Maksym Burlaka ◽  
Clement Joly
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust

Bottoming cycles are drawing a real interest in a world where resources are becoming scarcer and the environmental footprint of power plants is becoming more controlled. Reduction of flue gas temperature, power generation boost without burning more fuel and even production of heat for cogeneration applications are very attractive and it becomes necessary to quantify how much can really be extracted from a simple cycle to be converted to a combined configuration. As supercritical CO2 is becoming an emerging working fluid [2, 3, 5, 7 and 8] due not only to the fact that turbomachines are being designed significantly more compact, but also because of the fluid’s high thermal efficiency in cycles, it raises an increased interest in its various applications. Evaluating the option of combined gas and supercritical CO2 cycles for different gas turbine sizes, gas turbine exhaust gas temperatures and configurations of bottoming cycle type becomes an essential step toward creating guidelines for the question, “how much more can I get with what I have?”. Using conceptual design tools for the cycle system generates fast and reliable results to draw this type of conclusion. This paper presents both the qualitative and quantitative advantages of combined cycles for scalability using machines ranging from small to several hundred MW gas turbines to determine which configurations of S-CO2 bottoming cycles are best for pure electricity production.

H Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Technology and Development Status

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Corman
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Cycle System

A revolutionary step has been taken in the development of the Next Advance in Power Generation Systems — “H” Technology Combined Cycle. This new gas turbine combined cycle system increases thermal performance to the 60% level by increasing gas turbine operating conditions to 2600°F (1430°C) at a pressure ratio of 23 to 1. This represents a significant increase in operating temperature for the gas turbine. However, the potential for single digit NOx levels (based upon 15% O2 in the exhaust) has been retained. The combined effect of performance increase and environmental control is achieved by an innovative closed loop steam cooling system which tightly integrated the gas turbine and steam turbine cycles. Although a significant advance has been taken in performance, the new power generation system has been configured with a substantial number of proven concepts and technology programs are ongoing to validate the new features. The technical activities which support the introduction of the new turbine system have reached a point in the development cycle where the results are integrated into the design methods. This has permitted the “H” Technology to achieve a design readiness status and the first unit will be under test in late 1997.

Effect of Water-Cooling Turbine Blades on Advanced Gas Turbine Power Systems

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Johnson ◽  
A. J. Giramonti ◽  
S. J. Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Gas Turbine Blades ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

A study was conducted to determine what benefits in cycle efficiency and performance could be obtained with water-cooled gas turbine blades. Water cooling was compared against various degrees of air cooling and the ultimate limit of no cooling. Performance studies were conducted for both combined gas turbine-steam cycles and simple gas turbine cycles with temperatures at the inlet to the first turbine blade row from 1478 K (2200 F) to 1922 (3000 F) and compressor pressure ratios from 12 to 28. Results for both types of cycles indicated that absolute efficiencies 1 to 3 percentage points greater and power output per unit airflow 5 to 25 percent greater than could be obtained with water-cooled blades compared to air-cooled blades. For a given cooling scheme and pressure ratio, highest efficiencies were obtained at 1700 K (2600 F) for the simple cycle and 1922 K for the combined cycle.

Optimization of an Oxyfuel Combined Cycle Regarding Performance and Complexity Level

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Dahlquist ◽  
Magnus Genrup ◽  
Mats Sjoedin ◽  
Klas Jonshagen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Optimum Pressure ◽  
Compressor Inlet ◽  
Cooling Model

The aim of this paper is to establish and motivate the design parameters of a 125 MW Oxyfuel Combined Cycle (OCC) also referred to as the Semi-Closed Oxyfuel-Combusted Combined Cycle (SCOC-CC). This paper proposes a compatible OCC that does not include any unconventional features, beyond what is state-of-the-art in gas turbine technology today. Such features could challenge the feasibility to bring the concept to the market in a reasonable time. The OCC requires a higher pressure ratio compared to a conventional combined cycle in order to achieve exhaust conditions that fit the design of the bottoming cycle. However, a high gas turbine pressure ratio increases the complexity of the machine and must be weighted against the gain in efficiency. The OCC gas turbine is modeled using a cooling model which keeps the metal temperature of all cooled turbine stages constant while seeking the optimum pressure ratio. As the cycle is semi-closed the compressor inlet temperature is a design parameter: it is shown that there is an efficiency optimum clearly in the range of what is normally achievable. As the gas properties of the OCC flue gas differ from the conventional plant, the effects of this on the HRSG design are explored.

A Study of Cycle Performance of Ceramic Gas Turbines

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sugishita ◽  
H. Mori ◽  
R. Chikami ◽  
Y. Tsukuda ◽  
S. Yoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Blade Cooling ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Cooling Air

A study has been carried out to assess the performance improvement of a combined cycle used for an industrial power plant when ceramic turbine components are employed. This paper presents the details of this study. Performance improvement is obtained as a result of reduced blade cooling air. In this study four different kinds of combined cycles were investigated and these are listed below: A. Combined cycle with a simple gas turbine. B. Combined cycle with an inter-cooled gas turbine. C. Combined cycle with a reheat gas turbine. D. Combined cycle with an inter-cooled reheat gas turbine. Results of this study indicate that the combined cycle with a simple gas turbine is the most practical of the four cycles studied with an efficiency of higher than 60%. The combined cycle with reheat gas turbine has the highest efficiency if a higher compressor exit air temperature and a high gas temperature (over 1000°C) to reheat the combustion system are used. A higher pressure ratio is required to optimize the cycle performance of the combined cycle with the ceramic turbine components than that with the metal turbine components because of reduced blade cooling air. To minimize leakage air for these higher pressure ratios, advanced seal technology should be applied to the gas turbines.

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