Initial Operation and Analysis of a Cogeneration Laboratory

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Banta
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
California State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Absorption Chiller ◽  
Waste Heat Boiler ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance

California State University, Sacramento, has constructed and put into service a stand alone cogeneration laboratory. The major components are a 75 kW gas turbine and generator, a waste heat boiler, and a 10 ton absorption chiller. Initial testing has been completed with efforts concentrating on the gas turbine engine and the absorption chiller. A two part thermodynamic performance analysis procedure has been developed to analyze the cogeneration plant. A first law energy balance around the gas turbine determines the heat into the engine. A Brayton cycle analysis of the gas turbine engine is then compared with the measured performance. While this engine is quite small, this method of analysis gives very consistent results and can be applied to engines of all sizes. Careful attention to details is required to obtain agreement between the calculated and measured outputs; typically they are within 10 to 15 percent. In the second part of the performance analysis experimental operation of the absorption chiller has been compared to that specified by the manufacturer and a theoretical cycle analysis. While the operation is within a few percent of that specified by the manufacturer, there are some interesting differences when it is compared to a theoretical analysis.

The Design of an Instructional Cogeneration Laboratory

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Banta
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
California State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Waste Heat Boiler ◽  
Small Absorption ◽  
Electrical Generation

California State University, Sacramento has designed and constructed a cogeneration laboratory for the instruction of students in modern electrical generation. This facility serves about 100 senior level students per year. The major components are a 75 kW gas turbine generator, a waste heat boiler and a small absorption chiller. Future plans include the addition of a 50 kW steam turbine. The analytical design of this plant is described from concept to final layout with particular emphasis on cycle analysis, selection and sizing of components and instrumentation, and the layout of the equipment. A diagram showing the entire cycle on a scaled temperature entropy plot provides an interesting graphical interpretation of the plant’s operation. While the gas turbine has a relatively low pressure ratio of 3.3:1 and thus a low thermal efficiency, the addition of the other components improves the performance significantly. An aspect of the analysis of particular interest is relating the cooling of the chiller to an equivalent work term thus enabling the determination of an overall thermal efficiency. If all of the steam were to be used for cooling the plant efficiency would improve slightly from 10% for the turbine alone; when made equivalent to other types of refrigeration the improvement is more than 6%. When all of the steam is used in the proposed steam turbine the efficiency will improve to about 17%. Using the chiller to cool inlet air to the gas turbine—thus increasing performance—is discussed at length. Student use of the laboratory is discussed briefly. While the plant is quite small and intended for laboratory use, the design analysis is applicable to similar plants which might be used in remote locations, or as stand-by or peaking power supplies.

Development of Condition Monitoring Test Cell Using Micro Gas Turbine Engine

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seonghee Kho ◽  
Jayoung Ki ◽  
Miyoung Park ◽  
Changduk Kong ◽  
Kyungjae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Cell ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Engine Condition

This study is aim to be programmed the simulation which is available for real-time performance analysis so that is to be developed gas turbine engine’s condition monitoring system with analyzing difference between performance analysis results and measuring data from test cell. In addition, test cell created by this study have been developed to use following applications: to use for learning principals and mechanism of gas turbine engine in school, and to use performance test and its further research for variable operating conditions in associated institutes. The maximum thrust of the micro turbojet engine is 137 N (14 kgf) at 126,000 rpm of rotor rotational speed if the Jet A1 kerosene fuel is used. The air flow rate is measured by the inflow air speed of duct, and the fuel flow is measured by a volumetric fuel flowmeter. Temperatures and pressures are measured at the atmosphere, the compressor inlet and outlet and the turbine outlet. The thrust stand was designed and manufactured to measure accurately the thrust by the load cell. All measuring sensors are connected to a DAQ (Data Acquisition) device, and the logging data are used as function parameters of the program, LabVIEW. The LabVIEW is used to develop the engine condition monitoring program. The proposed program can perform both the reference engine model performance analysis at an input condition and the real-time performance analysis with real-time variables. By comparing two analysis results the engine condition can be monitored. Both engine performance analysis data and monitoring results are displayed by the GUI (Graphic User Interface) platform.

scholarly journals Development of the WR-21 Gas Turbine Recuperator

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Sanders ◽  
George C. Louie
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Technical Requirements

WR-21 is an intercooled and recuperated (ICR) gas turbine engine being developed by the U. S. Navy (USN) with contributions from the Royal Navy and the French Navy. A key component of the WR-21 engine is the recuperator used to recover waste heat from engine exhaust gas. The recuperator is being designed and fabricated by AlliedSignal Aerospace Company under subcontract to Northrop Grumman Marine Services, the prime contractor for the WR-21 gas turbine engine. One of the most challenging developmental items for the WR-21 engine has proven to be the recuperator. This paper discusses the development of the recuperator, including the advanced development (AD) recuperator which failed after a few hours of operation, the limited operating unit (LOU) recuperator which has supported much of the WR-21 engine development testing and the engineering development model (EDM) recuperator which will be used for a 3000 hour engine endurance test. Included is an overview of USN technical requirements for the recuperator and a review of operating experience with the AD and LOU recuperators. Failure modes that have been experienced are discussed in detail, including root cause evaluations and design modifications. Steps taken to extend the life of the LOU recuperator are discussed. In addition, testing (both single core and full size recuperator) and analytical models that have been used to improve the design and reliability of the recuperator are addressed.

scholarly journals An Instructional Cogeneration Laboratory Using Gas Turbine Technology

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Banta ◽  
Ngo Dinh Thinh
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
State University ◽  
Waste Heat Boiler ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Senior Project ◽  
Engineering Department ◽  
Computer Based

The Mechanical Engineering Department at California State University, Sacramento (CSUS) has completed the design and constructed a $250,000 Instructional Cogeneration Laboratory devoted solely to undergraduate education. This facility will serve about 100 students per year in the Department’s Mechanical Engineering (ME) and Mechanical Engineering Technology (MET) programs. The major components are a 75 kW natural gas fired gas turbine-generator connected to a electrical load bank, a waste heat boiler, four heat exchangers, an absorption chiller and an existing cooling tower. Computer based data acquisition will be used to monitor pressures, temperatures, flows and stack emissions. This project has provided an excellent learning experience for ME and MET students in their senior project classes. Initial laboratory exercises will measure performance of the major pieces of equipment; future plans call for developing a series of heat transfer experiments.

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