Study of the Optimisation of Measurement Sets for Gas Path Fault Diagnosis in Gas Turbines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. T. Ogaji ◽  
R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gas Path Fault ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
And Control ◽  
Condition Based Monitoring

The reliability of the gas path components (compressor, burners and turbines) of a gas turbine (GT) is usually high when compared with other GT systems such as fuel and control. However, their availability could be relatively low as high downtimes are normally associated with these components when subjected to forced outages. One way of improving availability is by improved maintenance practices that involve applying such approaches as condition based monitoring (CBM). Unfortunately, this cannot be achieved without the existence of a proper instrumentation set that can adequately and repeatedly track down the levels of deterioration in these components, thereby allowing for optimally scheduled maintenance. Different engine handles (operating point or parameter that is held constant with respect to other parameters) would require different instrumentation sets for proper gas path fault diagnosis. Sometimes, the instrumentation sets used makes the required diagnostic analysis impossible. Furthermore, allowing redundancy in instrumentation, unless specified with knowledge of the diagnostic technique to be used, is not only unnecessary but also cost ineffective. The central theme of this paper is to present a means of attaining an optimum instrumentation set using a non-linear gas path analysis (NLGPA) programme. Firstly, some of the common gas path faults are considered, some theoretical backing is given to the principles involved in this work, the implications of unoptimised instrumentation set as viewed from the users’ perspective is examined and finally, results presented for the NLGPA approach when applied to a two-shaft and a three-shaft industrial gas turbine. Also, we show how the engine handle can affect the choice of the instrumentation set.

A Two-Layer Multi-Model Gas Path Fault Diagnosis Method

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Cao ◽  
Yinghui He ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Jianwei Du ◽  
Shuying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Fault Detection ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Fuzzy Membership Function ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Isolation Layer ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
Gas Path Fault

This paper presents a two-layer multi-model gas path fault diagnosis method for gas turbines that includes a fault detection layer and a fault isolation layer. A health model and a gas path fault model based on a back propagation neural network are used for the real-time estimation of the output parameters of a gas turbine in the fault detection layer and the output parameter residual in the fault isolation layer, respectively. A fault detection algorithm is proposed based on fuzzy inference, and the fuzzy membership function of the output parameters residual is realized using data statistics. A similarity distance method is used to realize fault isolation, and a fault probability algorithm based on the Mahalanobis distance is presented. Finally, the proposed method is verified by a three-shaft gas turbine simulation platform, and the simulation test results show that the two-layer multi-model gas path fault diagnosis method can detect and isolate the gas path fault accurately with a low calculation cost and good extensibility.

Implementation of Stochastic Methods for Industrial Gas Turbine Fault Diagnosis

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Romessis ◽  
K. Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Bayesian Belief Networks ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Component Faults ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Implementation of stochastic diagnostic methods for diagnosis of sensor or component faults is presented. Two industrial gas turbines are considered as test cases, one twin and one single shaft arrangement. Methods based on Probabilistic Neural Networks (PNN) and Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN), are implemented. The ability for successful diagnosis is demonstrated on specific cases of sensor malfunctions, as well as on two types of compressor deterioration, fouling and variable vane mistuning. The examined diagnostic problem and the methods of PNN for sensor fault diagnosis and BBN for the diagnosis of component faults are first described. For each gas turbine case, the implementation of the diagnostic methods is shown and application to fault cases that occurred is presented. The effectiveness of the stochastic diagnostic methods demonstrates that they offer a powerful alternative diagnostic tool.

Fits and Starts: A Current Look at Marine and Industrial Gas Turbine Electric Start Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn McAndrews
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Past History ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
New Production ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Electric starter development programs have been the subject of ASME technical papers for over two decades. Offering significant advantages over hydraulic or pneumatic starters, electric starters are now poised to be the preferred choice amongst gas turbine customers. That they are not now the dominant starter in the field after decades of investment and experimentation is attributable to many factors. As with any new technology, progress is often unsteady, depending on budgets, market conditions, customer buy-in, etc. Additionally, technological advances in the parent technologies, in this case electric motors, can abruptly and rapidly change, further disturbing the best laid introduction plans. It is therefore not too surprising that only recently, is the industry beginning to see the deployment of electric starters on production gas turbines. The earliest adoption occurred on smaller gas turbine units, generally less than 10 MW in power. More recently, gas turbines greater than 10 MWs are being sold with electric starters. The authors expect that regardless of their size or fuel supply, most all future gas turbine users will opt for electric starters. This may even include the “larger” frame machines with power greater than 100 MW. Starting with some past history, this paper will not only summarize past development efforts, it will attempt to examine the current deployment of electric starters throughout the marine and industrial gas turbine landscapes. The large-scale acceptance of electric start systems for both new production and retrofit will depend on the favorable cost/benefit assessment when weighing both first cost and life cycle cost. The current and intense activity in electric vehicle applications is giving rise to even more power dense motors. The paper will look at some of these exciting applications, the installed products, and the technologies behind the products. To what extent these new products may serve the needs of the gas turbine community will be the central question this paper attempts to answer.

scholarly journals Industrial Gas Turbine Uprates: Tips, Tricks and Traps

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Ragland
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

After industrial gas turbines have been in production for some amount of time, there is often an opportunity to improve or “uprate” the engine’s output power or cycle efficiency or both. In most cases, the manufacturer would like to provide these uprates without compromising the proven reliability and durability of the product. Further, the manufacturer would like the development of this “Uprate” to be low cost, low risk and result in an improvement in “customer value” over that of the original design. This paper describes several options available for enhancing the performance of an existing industrial gas turbine engine and discusses the implications for each option. Advantages and disadvantages of each option are given along with considerations that should be taken into account in selecting one option over another. Specific options discussed include dimensional scaling, improving component efficiencies, increasing massflow, compressor zero staging, increasing firing temperature (thermal uprate), adding a recuperator, increasing cycle pressure ratio, and converting to a single shaft design. The implications on output power, cycle efficiency, off-design performance engine life or time between overhaul (TBO), engine cost, development time and cost, auxiliary requirements and product support issues are discussed. Several examples are provided where these options have been successfully implemented in industrial gas turbine engines.

scholarly journals A Test Rig for the Realization of Water Recovery in a Steam-Injected Gas Turbine

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyou Wen ◽  
Jiguo Zou ◽  
Zheng Fu ◽  
Shikang Yu ◽  
Lingbo Li
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Design Point ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Demineralized Water ◽  
Spiral Plate ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Steam-injected gas turbines have a multitude of advantages, but they suffer from the inability to recover precious demineralized water. The present paper describes the test conditions and results of steam injection along with an attempt to achieve water recovery, which were obtained through a series of tests conducted on a S1A-02 small-sized industrial gas turbine. A water recovery device incorporating a compact finned spiral plate cooling condenser equipped with filter screens has been designed for the said gas turbine and a 100% water recovery (based on the design point) was attained.

Gas Turbine Efficiency (GTE) Benefits of GTE Water Wash Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wagner ◽  
Robert J. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

The desire to maintain power plant profitability, combined with current market fuel gas pricing is forcing power generation companies to constantly look for ways to keep their industrial gas turbine units operating at the highest possible efficiency. Gas Turbines Operation requires the compression of very large quantities of air that is mixed with fuel, ignited and directed into a turbine to produce torque for purposes ranging from power generation to mechanical drive of pumping systems to thrust for air craft propulsion. The compression of the air for this process typically uses 60% of the required base energy. Therefore management of the compression process efficiency is very important to maintain overall cycle efficiency. Since fouling of turbine compressors is almost unavoidable, even with modern air filter treatment, and over time results in lower efficiency and output, compressor cleaning is required to maintain gas turbine efficiency.

Evaluation Program for New Industrial Gas Turbine Materials

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-710
Author(s):  
Ch. Just ◽  
C. J. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Evaluation Program ◽  
Evaluation Time ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
New Material ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Phase Evaluation

The need for a thorough and systematic standard evaluation program for new materials for modern industrial gas turbines is shown by several examples and facts. A complete list of the data required by the designer of an industrial gas turbine is given, together with comments to some of the more important properties. A six-phase evaluation program is described which minimizes evaluation time, cost, and the risk of introducing a new material.

FFG7 Class Frigate and DD963 Class Destroyer Marine Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems Maintenance and Operational Training Facility

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Ralph J. Della Rocca ◽  
John D. Stehn
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Training Facility ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Systems Maintenance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Major Emphasis

The need for a gas turbine training facility became apparent with the introduction into the U.S. Navy fleet of the first ships of the FFG7 Frigate and DD963 Destroyer Classes with gas turbine propulsion plants. This facility, constructed at the Great Lakes Naval Training Center, provides "hands-on" training for maintenance and operation of marine gas turbines and associated propulsion plant components and controls and their piping and electrical systems. The Navy intends to train at this facility approximately 1000 personnel per year in the use of their latest and newest propulsion plants. The design of the facility reproduces as closely as possible the existing machinery and control spaces of the two different classes of ships and integrates them into a single main building with the school and the mechanical equipment wings. This paper presents an overview of the need for well-trained, qualified naval personnel to man the expanding fleet of marine gas turbine propulsion systems, existing training facilities and the various stages in the development of the FFG7/DD963 Gas Turbine Maintenance and Operational Training Facility. In regard to the facility, the paper discusses the planning and managing of the project; development of the designs for the building and propulsion plants; construction of the building facilities and FFG7 plant; the fabrication, transportation and erection of the FFG7 within the building; and the testing and operation of the FFG7 plant since light-off. Major emphasis is given to the FFG7 plant since the DD963 plant is being reconsidered in conjunction with the CG47 upgrading and is awaiting a decision to proceed.

Application of Ultra-Low NOx Combustor to the MHPS Existing Gas Turbine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nishiumi ◽  
Hirofumi Ohara ◽  
Kotaro Miyauchi ◽  
Sosuke Nakamura ◽  
Toshishige Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Design Development ◽  
And Control

Abstract In recent years, MHPS achieved a NET M501J gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) efficiency in excess of 62% operating at 1,600°C, while maintaining NOx under 25ppm. Taking advantage of our gas turbine combustion design, development and operational experience, retrofits of earlier generation gas turbines have been successfully applied and will be described in this paper. One example of the latest J-Series technologies, a conventional pilot nozzle was changed to a premix type pilot nozzle for low emission. The technology was retrofitted to the existing F-Series gas turbines, which resulted in emission rates of lower than 9ppm NOx(15%O2) while maintaining the same Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT: Average Gas Temperature at the exit of the transition piece). After performing retrofitting design, high pressure rig tests, the field test prior to commercial operation was conducted on January 2019. This paper describes the Ultra-Low NOx combustor design features, retrofit design, high pressure rig test and verification test results of the upgraded M501F gas turbine. In addition, it describes another upgrade of turbine to improve efficiency and of combustion control system to achieve low emissions. Furthermore it describes the trouble-free upgrade of seven (7) units, which was completed by utilizing MHPS integration capabilities, including handling all the design, construction and service work of the main equipment, plant and control systems.

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