Modeling and Design of a Hydraulic Hybrid Powertrain for Passenger Vehicle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoxiang Zhang ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Kim A. Stelson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Hydraulic Accumulator ◽  
Pressure Controlled

A hydraulic hybrid powertrain for passenger vehicle is studied in this paper. The hydraulic hybrid powertrain consists of a hydro-mechanical transmission and a hydraulic accumulator. The key component of this hydro-mechanical transmission is a pressure-controlled hydraulic transmission. It combines pumping and motoring function in one unit and is potentially more competitive in terms of both energy efficiency and cost effectiveness than a conventional hydrostatic transmission. By feeding the output flow of the pressure-controlled hydraulic transmission to a variable displacement motor coupled to the transmission output shaft, a more compact and simpler hydro-mechanical transmission is constituted. In this paper the systematic approach of applying the hydraulic hybrid powertrain to a passenger vehicle is studied. A dynamic simulation model is developed in Simulink and the U.S. EPA’s urban cycle is used as the test driving cycle. A rule-based energy management strategy (EMS) for the hydraulic hybrid powertrain has also been developed. The system parameter design, controller design and the energy management strategy are evaluated through simulation.

Optimal Energy Use in a Light Weight Hydraulic Hybrid Passenger Vehicle

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy O. Deppen ◽  
Andrew G. Alleyne ◽  
Kim A. Stelson ◽  
Jonathan J. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Individual Component ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid

In this study we present a procedure for the design and implementation of a control strategy to optimize energy use within a light weight hydraulic hybrid passenger vehicle. The hydraulic hybrid utilizes a high pressure accumulator for energy storage which has superior power density than conventional battery technology. This makes fluid power attractive for urban driving applications in which there are frequent starts and stops and large startup power demands. A dynamic model of a series hydraulic hybrid powertrain is presented along with the design of a model predictive control based energy management strategy. Model predictive control was chosen for this study because it uses no future information about the drive cycle in its design. This increases the flexibility of the controller allowing it to be directly applied to a variety of drive cycles. Using the model predictive framework, a holistic view of the powertrain was taken in the design of the control strategy, and the impact of each actuator’s efficiency on overall efficiency was evaluated. A hardware-in-the-loop experiment using an electro-hydraulic powertrain testbed was then used to validate the dynamic model and control performance. Through a simulation study in which each actuator’s efficiency was given varying levels of priority in the objective function, it was found that overall system efficiency could be improved by allowing for small sacrifices in individual component performance. In fact, the conventional wisdom of using the additional degrees of freedom within a hybrid powertrain to optimize engine efficiency was found to yield the lowest overall powertrain efficiency. In this work we present a rigorous framework for the design of an energy management strategy. The design method improves the powertrain’s operational efficiency by finding the best balance between optimizing individual component efficiencies. Furthermore, since the design of the control strategy is built upon an analysis of individual components, it can be readily extended to other architectures employing different actuators.

Power Optimization of Series Hydraulic Hybrid Powertrain for Compact Wheel Loader

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qunya Wen ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Bing Xu ◽  
Zongxuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Power Optimization ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Wheel Loader ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy

Abstract As an effective approach to improving the fuel economy of heavy duty vehicles, hydraulic hybrid has shown great potentials in off-road applications. Although the fuel economy improvement is achieved through different hybrid architectures (parallel, series and power split), the energy management strategy is still the key to hydraulic hybrid powertrain. Different optimization methods provide powerful tools for energy management strategy of hybrid powertrain. In this paper a power optimization method based on equivalent consumption minimization strategy has been proposed for a series hydraulic hybrid wheel loader. To show the fuel saving potential of the proposed strategy, the fuel consumption of the hydraulic hybrid wheel loader with equivalent consumption minimization strategy was investigated and compared with the system with a rule-based strategy. The parameter study of the equivalent consumption minimization strategy has also been conducted.

Investigation on the Energy Management Strategy for Hydraulic Hybrid Wheel Loaders

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Mohd Azrin Mohd Zulkefli ◽  
Zongxuan Sun ◽  
Kim A. Stelson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Wheel Loader ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Power Split ◽  
Wheel Loaders

Energy management strategies for a hydraulic hybrid wheel loader are studied in this paper. The architecture of the hydraulic hybrid wheel loader is first presented and the differences of the powertrain and the energy management system between on-road vehicles and wheel loaders are identified. Unlike the on-road vehicles where the engine only powers the drivetrain, the engine in a wheel loader powers both the drivetrain and the working hydraulic system. In a non-hybrid wheel loader, the two sub-systems interfere with each other since they share the same engine shaft. By using a power split drivetrain, it not only allows for optimal engine operation and regenerative braking, but also eliminates interferences between driving and working functions, which improve the productivity, fuel efficiency and operability of the wheel loader. An energy management strategy (EMS) based on dynamic programming (DP) is designed to optimize the operation of both the power split drivetrain and the working hydraulic system. A short loading cycle is selected as the duty cycle. The EMS based on DP is compared with a rule-based strategy through simulation.

scholarly journals Real-time Energy Management Strategy for Oil-Electric-Liquid Hybrid System based on Lowest Instantaneous Energy Consumption Cost

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Zhen Zhong ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Chunyun Fu ◽  
Junzhang Liao
Keyword(s):  
Global Optimization ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Threshold Energy ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Consumption Cost ◽  
Saving Effect ◽  
Instantaneous Energy

For the oil–electric–hydraulic hybrid power system, a logic threshold energy management strategy based on the optimal working curve is proposed, and the optimal working curve in each mode is determined. A genetic algorithm is used to determine the optimal parameters. For driving conditions, a real-time energy management strategy based on the lowest instantaneous energy cost is proposed. For braking conditions and subject to the European Commission for Europe (ECE) regulations, a braking force distribution strategy based on hydraulic pumps/motors and supplemented by motors is proposed. A global optimization energy management strategy is used to evaluate the strategy. Simulation results show that the strategy can achieve the expected control target and save about 32.14% compared with the fuel consumption cost of the original model 100 km 8 L. Under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) working conditions, the energy-saving effect of this strategy is close to that of the global optimization energy management strategy and has obvious cost advantages. The system design and control strategy are validated.

scholarly journals Energy management strategy for a power-split hydraulic hybrid vehicle based on Lagrange multiplier and its modifications

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhekang Du ◽  
Kai Loon Cheong ◽  
Perry Y Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Lagrange Multiplier ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle

Lagrange multiplier approach is a computationally efficient method for computing optimal energy management strategy for a hydraulic hybrid vehicle under the assumption that the accumulator dynamics can be ignored and only the net use of storage energy is considered. Although it provides a close estimate to the fuel economy compared to that obtained using dynamic programming, the resulting control strategy does not respect the physical limits of the storage capacity of the hydraulic accumulator. Thus, the synthesized control strategy is not feasible for actual driving. This article investigates the basic Lagrange multiplier approach for real-time control and proposes modifications so that the storage capacity is respected. It is shown that the Lagrange multiplier can be interpreted as an equivalent loss factor which turns out to be the marginal loss associated with the discharge of stored energy. The two proposed modifications are as follows: (1) a moving horizon approach and (2) making the Lagrange multiplier a function of the current state of charge. Both methods are successful in maintaining the accumulator state of charge within limits with modest effect on fuel economy (3%–5% lower).

scholarly journals A Rule-Based Energy Management Strategy Based on Dynamic Programming for Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haicheng Zhou ◽  
Zhaoping Xu ◽  
Liang Liu ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Lingling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Hydraulic Hybrid ◽  
Global Optimal

Energy management strategy is very important for hydraulic hybrid vehicles to improve fuel economy. The rule-based energy management strategies are widely used in engineering practice due to their simplicity and practicality. However, their performances differ a lot from different parameters and control actions. A rule-based energy management strategy is designed in this paper to realize real-time control of a novel hydraulic hybrid vehicle, and a control parameter selection method based on dynamic programming is proposed to optimize its performance. Firstly, the simulation model of the hydraulic hybrid vehicle is built and validated by the data tested from prototype experimental platform. Based on the simulation model, the optimization method of dynamic programming is used to find the global optimal solution of the engine control for the UDDS drive cycle. Then, the engine control parameters of the rule-based energy management strategy are selected according to the engine control trajectory of the global optimal solution. The simulation results show that the 100 km fuel consumption of the proposed rule-based energy management strategy is 12.7L, which is very close to the global optimal value of 12.4L and is suboptimal.

scholarly journals Analysis of the integration of the three-way catalyst thermal management in the on-line supervisory control strategy of a gasoline full hybrid vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
Marco Benegiamo ◽  
Paolo Carlucci ◽  
Vincenzo Mulone ◽  
Andrea Valletta
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Three Way Catalyst

Full hybrid electric vehicles have proven to be a midterm viable solution to fulfil stricter regulations, such as those regarding carbon dioxide abatement. Although fuel economy directly benefits from hybridization, the use of the electric machine for propulsion may hinder an appropriate warming of the aftertreatment system, whose temperature is directly related to the emissions conversion efficiency. The present work evaluates the efficacy of a supervisory energy management strategy based on Equivalent Minimization Consumption Strategy (ECMS) which incorporates a temperature-based control for the thermal management of the Three-Way Catalyst (TWC). The impact of using only the midspan temperature of TWC is compared against the case where temperature at three different sampling points along the TWC length are used. Moreover, a penalty term based on TWC temperature has been introduced in the cost functional of the ECMS to allow the control of the TWC temperature operating window. In fact, beyond a certain threshold, the increase of the engine load, requested to speed up TWC warming, does not translate into a better catalyst efficiency, because the TWC gets close to its highest conversion rate. A gasoline P2 parallel full hybrid powertrain has been considered as test case. Results show that the effects of the different calibrations strategies are negligible on the TWC thermal management, as they do not provide any improvements in the fuel economy nor in the emissions abatement of the hybrid powertrain. This effect can be explained by the fact that the charge sustaining condition has a greater weight on the energy management strategy than the effects deriving from the addition of the soft constraints to control the TWC thermal management. These results hence encourage the use of simple setups to deal with the control of the TWC in supervisory control strategies for full hybrid electric vehicles.

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