A Novel Digitalized Hydrostatic Drive Solution for Modern Wind Turbine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jincheng Chen ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Kim A. Stelson
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Hydraulic Motor ◽  
Hydrostatic Transmission ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Variable Displacement

Gearbox is a concern in modern wind turbines, increasing the maintenance cost and therefore the cost of energy (COE). A hydrostatic transmission (HST) improves the turbine drivetrain reliability by using slightly compressible mineral oil as the working medium rather than a rigid gearbox. An HST eliminates the power converter since it is a continuous variable transmission (CVT), making the turbine simpler and more cost effective. The turbine operates below the rated wind speed for a considerable time in a year, making the variable hydraulic motor run at partial displacement for the most common configuration of a hydrostatic wind turbine, a fixed displacement pump and a variable displacement motor. This results in low drivetrain efficiency. Moreover, large variable displacement motors for megawatt turbine are commercially unavailable. A digitalized hydrostatic drive for a modern wind turbine is proposed to improve the drivetrain efficiency at low wind speeds. The digital coding method for hydrostatic wind turbine is studied. A dynamic simulation model of the digitalized hydrostatic (dHST) wind turbine has been developed in Simulink. A widely used efficiency model for the hydrostatic pump and motors is used in the simulation to make the study practical. The proposed digitalized hydrostatic solution has been compared with a conventional hydrostatic solution. Simulation results show the benefits of digitalized hydrostatic transmission over conventional hydrostatic transmission in drivetrain efficiency, system complexity and cost.

scholarly journals Novel Modified Elman Neural Network Control for PMSG System Based on Wind Turbine Emulator

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Elman Neural Network ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Ac Power

The novel modified Elman neural network (NN) controlled permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) system, which is directly driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on wind turbine emulator, is proposed to control output of rectifier (AC/DC power converter) and inverter (DC/AC power converter) in this study. First, a closed loop PMSM drive control based on wind turbine emulator is designed to generate power for the PMSG system according to different wind speeds. Then, the rotor speed of the PMSG, the voltage, and current of the power converter are detected simultaneously to yield better power output of the converter. Because the PMSG system is the nonlinear and time-varying system, two sets online trained modified Elman NN controllers are developed for the tracking controllers of DC bus power and AC power to improve output performance of rectifier and inverter. Finally, experimental results are verified to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

scholarly journals Use of SCADA Data for Failure Detection in Wind Turbines

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyusung Kim ◽  
Girija Parthasarathy ◽  
Onder Uluyol ◽  
Wendy Foslien ◽  
Shuangwen Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Failure Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
And Performance

High operations and maintenance costs for wind turbines reduce their overall cost effectiveness. One of the biggest drivers of maintenance cost is unscheduled maintenance due to unexpected failures. Continuous monitoring of wind turbine health using automated failure detection algorithms can improve turbine reliability and reduce maintenance costs by detecting failures before they reach a catastrophic stage and by eliminating unnecessary scheduled maintenance. A SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System) -data based condition monitoring system uses data already collected at the wind turbine controller. It is a cost-effective way to monitor wind turbines for early warning of failures and performance issues. In this paper, we describe our exploration of existing wind turbine SCADA data for development of fault detection and diagnostic techniques for wind turbines. We used a number of measurements to develop anomaly detection algorithms and investigated classification techniques using clustering algorithms and principal components analysis for capturing fault signatures. Anomalous signatures due to a reported gearbox failure are identified from a set of original measurements including rotor speeds and produced power.

Comparison of Various Blade Profiles in a Two-Blade Conventional Savonius Wind Turbine

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahim Hassanzadeh ◽  
Milad Mohammadnejad ◽  
Sajad Mostafavi
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Savonius Wind Turbine

Abstract Savonius turbines are one of the old and cost-effective turbines which extract the wind energy by the drag force. Nowadays, they use in urban areas to generate electricity due to their simple structure, ease of maintenance, and acceptable power output under a low wind speed. However, their efficiency is low and the improvement of their performance is necessary to increase the total power output. This paper compares four various blade profiles in a two-blade conventional Savonius wind turbine. The ratios of blade diameter to the blade depth of s/d = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1 are tested under different free-wind speeds of 3, 5, and 7 m/s and tip speed ratios (TSRs) in the range from 0.2 to 1.2. It is found that the profile of blades in a Savonius rotor plays a considerable role in power characteristics. Also, regardless of blades profile and free-wind speed, the maximum power coefficient develops in TSR = 0.8. In addition, increasing the free-wind speed enhances the rotor performance of all cases under consideration. Finally, it is revealed that the rotor with s/d = 0.5 provides maximum power coefficients in all free-wind speeds and TSR values among the rotors under consideration, whereas the rotor with s/d = 1 is the worth cases.

scholarly journals Experimental Validation of a Hydrostatic Transmission for Community Wind Turbines

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Biswaranjan Mohanty ◽  
Kim A. Stelson
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Hydrostatic Transmission ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
Power Capture ◽  
Displacement Pump ◽  
Variable Displacement ◽  
Hydrostatic Transmissions

Hydrostatic transmissions are commonly used in heavy-duty equipment for their design flexibility and superior power density. Compared to a conventional wind turbine transmission, a hydrostatic transmission (HST) is a lighter, more reliable, cheaper, continuously variable alternative for a wind turbine. In this paper, for the first time, a validated dynamical model and controlled experiment have been used to analyze the performance of a hydrostatic transmission with a fixed-displacement pump and a variable-displacement motor for community wind turbines. From the dynamics of the HST, a pressure control strategy is designed to maximize the power capture. A hardware-in-the-loop simulation is developed to experimentally validate the performance and efficiency of the HST drive train control in a 60 kW virtual wind turbine environment. The HST turbine is extensively evaluated under steady and time-varying wind on a state-of-the-art power regenerative hydrostatic dynamometer. The proposed controller tracks the optimal tip-speed ratio to maximize power capture.

Performance Study of Vane Pump Power Split Transmission for a Highway Vehicle

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswaranjan Mohanty ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Kim A. Stelson
Keyword(s):  
Pump Power ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
Output Shaft ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Hydraulic Motor ◽  
Vane Pump ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Power Split ◽  
Variable Displacement

A novel Vane Pump Power Split Transmission (VPPST), applied to a class 1 pickup truck, is demonstrated in this paper. The VPPST, a power split hydraulic transmission consists of Vane Pump Power Split Unit (VPSU) and a variable displacement hydraulic motor. The VPSU is a double acting vane pump with a floating ring. The floating ring is coupled to the output shaft, which is connected to the drive shaft. The input shaft of the VPSU is coupled to the engine. The control flow of the VPSU is fed to a variable displacement motor mounted on the VPSU output shaft. The transmission ratio is adjusted by controlling the displacement of the variable motor. The resulting continuous variable transmission allows for optimum engine operation by decoupling the engine speed from the drive speed. The transmission also has an integral clutch that allows de-clutching the engine from the drive train by retracting the vanes of the VPSU. In this paper, a quasi-static simulation approach is used to study the performance of the transmission.

scholarly journals Comparative Fatigue Life Assessment of Wind Turbine Blades Operating with Different Regulation Schemes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Loza ◽  
Josué Pacheco-Chérrez ◽  
Diego Cárdenas ◽  
Luis I. Minchala ◽  
Oliver Probst
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
Pitch Regulation ◽  
Power Curves

A comparative evaluation of the fatigue damage occurring in the blades of small wind turbines, with different power regulation schemes, has been conducted for the first time. Three representative test cases were built, one based on stall regulation and two using pitch regulation. The power curves were tuned to be identical in all cases, in order to allow for a direct comparison of fatigue damage. A methodology combining a dynamic simulation of a wind turbine forced by stochastic wind speed time series, with the application of the IEC 61400-2 standard, was designed and applied for two levels of turbulence intensity. The effect of the wind regime was studied by considering Weibull-distributed wind speeds with a variety of parameter sets. Not unexpectedly, in typical wind regimes, stall regulation led to a generally higher fatigue damage than pitch regulation, for similar structural blade design, but the practical implications were smaller than thought previously. Given the need for cost-effective designs for small wind turbines, stall regulation may be a viable alternative for off-grid applications.

scholarly journals Wind Turbine Optimization for Minimum Cost of Energy in Low Wind Speed Areas Considering Blade Length and Hub Height

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Yang ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
Xiaoping Pang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Blade Length ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost

In recent years, sites with low annual average wind speeds have begun to be considered for the development of new wind farms. The majority of design methods for a wind turbine operating at low wind speed is to increase the blade length or hub height compared to a wind turbine operating in high wind speed sites. The cost of the rotor and the tower is a considerable portion of the overall wind turbine cost. This study investigates a method to trade-off the blade length and hub height during the wind turbine optimization at low wind speeds. A cost and scaling model is implemented to evaluate the cost of energy. The procedure optimizes the blades’ aero-structural performance considering blade length and the hub height simultaneously. The blade element momentum (BEM) code is used to evaluate blade aerodynamic performance and classical laminate theory (CLT) is applied to estimate the stiffness and mass per unit length of each blade section. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to determine the optimal wind turbine with the minimum cost of energy (COE). The results show that increasing rotor diameter is less efficient than increasing the hub height for a low wind speed turbine and the COE reduces 16.14% and 17.54% under two design schemes through the optimization.

Cost Effective Maintenance of Wind Turbines Using Finite State Markov Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 1422-1426
Author(s):  
Lahcene Boukelkoul
Keyword(s):  
Markov Model ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Evaluation Metric ◽  
Cost Parameters ◽  
The Cost

Nowadays the cost effectiveness concept becomes a decision-making and technology evaluation metric. The cost of energy metric accounts for the effect of reliability through levelized replacement cost and unscheduled maintenance cost parameters. One key of the proposed approach is the idea of maintaining the WTs which can be captured via use of a finite state Markov chain. Such a model can be embedded within a probabilistic operation and maintenance simulation reflecting the action to be done. In this paper a finite state Markov model is used for decision problems with number of determined periods (life cycle) to predict the cost according to the option of the maintenance adopted. The minimum cost is taken as the optimal solution.

EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDIES OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
B. P. Khozyainov
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Analytical Studies ◽  
Air Flow Velocity

The article carries out the experimental and analytical studies of three-blade wind power installation and gives the technique for measurements of angular rate of wind turbine rotation depending on the wind speeds, the rotating moment and its power. We have made the comparison of the calculation results according to the formulas offered with the indicators of the wind turbine tests executed in natural conditions. The tests were carried out at wind speeds from 0.709 m/s to 6.427 m/s. The wind power efficiency (WPE) for ideal traditional installation is known to be 0.45. According to the analytical calculations, wind power efficiency of the wind turbine with 3-bladed and 6 wind guide screens at wind speedsfrom 0.709 to 6.427 is equal to 0.317, and in the range of speed from 0.709 to 4.5 m/s – 0.351, but the experimental coefficient is much higher. The analysis of WPE variations shows that the work with the wind guide screens at insignificant average air flow velocity during the set period of time appears to be more effective, than the work without them. If the air flow velocity increases, the wind power efficiency gradually decreases. Such a good fit between experimental data and analytical calculations is confirmed by comparison of F-test design criterion with its tabular values. In the design of wind turbines, it allows determining the wind turbine power, setting the geometrical parameters and mass of all details for their efficient performance.

SHAPING OF AN AUTONOMOUS POWER SYSTEM FOR GUARANTEED POWER SUPPLY WITH THE PREDOMINANCE WIND ENERGY

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-50
Author(s):  
S. G. Ignatiev ◽  
S. V. Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind

Optimization of the autonomous wind-diesel plants composition and of their power for guaranteed energy supply, despite the long history of research, the diversity of approaches and methods, is an urgent problem. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the wind energy characteristics is proposed to shape an autonomous power system for a guaranteed power supply with predominance wind energy. The analysis was carried out on the basis of wind speed measurements in the south of the European part of Russia during 8 months at different heights with a discreteness of 10 minutes. As a result, we have obtained a sequence of average daily wind speeds and the sequences constructed by arbitrary variations in the distribution of average daily wind speeds in this interval. These sequences have been used to calculate energy balances in systems (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand) and (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand + energy storage). In order to maximize the use of wind energy, the wind turbine integrally for the period in question is assumed to produce the required amount of energy. For the generality of consideration, we have introduced the relative values of the required energy, relative energy produced by the wind turbine and the diesel generator and relative storage capacity by normalizing them to the swept area of the wind wheel. The paper shows the effect of the average wind speed over the period on the energy characteristics of the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + consumer). It was found that the wind turbine energy produced, wind turbine energy used by the consumer, fuel consumption, and fuel economy depend (close to cubic dependence) upon the specified average wind speed. It was found that, for the same system with a limited amount of required energy and high average wind speed over the period, the wind turbines with lower generator power and smaller wind wheel radius use wind energy more efficiently than the wind turbines with higher generator power and larger wind wheel radius at less average wind speed. For the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + energy storage + consumer) with increasing average speed for a given amount of energy required, which in general is covered by the energy production of wind turbines for the period, the maximum size capacity of the storage device decreases. With decreasing the energy storage capacity, the influence of the random nature of the change in wind speed decreases, and at some values of the relative capacity, it can be neglected.

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