Combustion of Refinery Residues in a CFB-Combustor: Measurement of Intermediate Species Using FTIR

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Barczus ◽  
Bjo¨rn Henning ◽  
Viktor Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Gaseous Species ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustor

Investigations have been performed to show the feasibility of burning refinery residues (calcined petroleum coke and liquid residues) in a circulating fluidized bed combustor. These experiments were done in a CFBC system with a thermal capacity of 100 kW. The unit has been equipped with an additional dosing system for liquid fuels including a newly developed fuel lance. The pollutant formation characteristics are determined using axial profile measurements at 19 different ports along the combustion chamber. To optimize the combustion process and to minimize gaseous pollutants, several operating parameters of the system are varied independently. These parameters are the primary to secondary air ratio, the global air to fuel ratio, the residence time in the primary zone, the overall temperature of the combustion chamber and the Ca/S ratio. Measurements of the flue gas components O2, CxHy, CO, CO2, H2, NOx, N2O, NH3 and SO2 are performed by standard gas analysing techniques. It is important to note that the system is equipped with a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) to qualitatively and quantitatively determine selected gaseous species which are essential for the formation and consumption of N2O and other pollutants. The gas species measured by FTIR-Spectroscopy are CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6 and C3H8. Also the important precursors for the NOx-formation HCN and NH3 are examined with the FTIR-Spectrometer. The investigations demonstrate that (liquid) refinery residues can be burned successfully as a monofuel within the circulating fluidized bed combustor. The emissions of all pollutants detected are at a low level.

Combustion Tests on a Blend of Liquid Refinery Residues and Coal: CFBC Operation Behaviour and Emissions Characteristics With Special Emphasis on the Intermediate Species CxHy, HCN and NH3

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kretschmann ◽  
Chr. Barczus ◽  
V. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
Combustion Tests

Investigations on the combustion of a blend of liquid refinery residues and a hard coal are presented in the current paper. The experiments were done in an atmospheric circulating fluidized bed combustor (CFBC) with a thermal capacity of 100 kW. The operation behaviour and pollutant formation characteristics are determined using axial profile measurements at 19 different ports along the combustion chamber. The measurement campaign included the variation of the primary to secondary air ratio, the global air to fuel ratio, the residence time in the primary zone, the overall temperature of the combustion chamber and the Ca/S ratio. The current paper concentrates on results obtained at primary air ratio of 0.65, an overall air ratio of 1.1, a mean combustion temperature of 850°C and a Ca/S-ratio of 0. Measurement of the flue gas components O2, CxHy, CO, CO2, H2, NOx, N2O, NH3 and SO2 are made by standard gas analysing techniques. In order to detect the specific hydrocarbon species produced and oxidized during the combustion process a Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) extends the existing gas analysis system. The gas species measured by FTIR-Spectroscopy are CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6 and C3H8. Also the important precursors for the NOx-Formation HCN and NH3 are examined with the FTIR-Spectrometer in the primary and secondary zone. The current experiments are compared with results obtained by burning liquid refinery residues only, with special regard to the consumption of the nitrogenous intermediates HCN and NH3.

A 3D Model of Combustion in Large-Scale Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Luecke ◽  
Ernst-Ulrich Hartge ◽  
Joachim Werther
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Secondary Air

In a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustor the reacting solids are locally fed into the combustion chamber. These reactants have to be dispersed across the reactor's cross-sectional area. Since the rate of mixing is limited this leads to a mal-distribution of the reactants and to locally varying reaction conditions. In order to describe the influence of mixing a three-dimensional model of the combustion chamber is suggested. The model is divided into three sub-topics. First, the flow structure in terms of local gas and solids velocities and solids volume concentrations is described. Second, mixing of the solids and the gas phase is quantified by defining dispersion coefficients, and finally the combustion process itself, i.e. the reaction kinetics, is modelled. The model was validated against data from measurements in the large-scale combustor of Chalmers University of Technology in Göteborg/Sweden. Insufficient fuel mixing generated mal-distributions of locally released volatiles, which were the basis for the uneven reactants distribution at steady-state. In the case of two-stage operation, the injected secondary air did not reach immediately the reactor's center but was slowly mixed with the main gas flow. The concentration gradients hardly vanish before the exit of the combustion chamber.

Combustion of Municipal Solid Waste in a Pilot Scale Fluidized Bed Combustor

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 1015-1019
Author(s):  
Anwar Johari ◽  
Ramli Mat ◽  
Mohd Johari Kamaruddin ◽  
Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah ◽  
Wan Rosli Wan Sulaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Temperature Distributions ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Region Temperature ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustor

Combustion study of municipal solid waste combustion in a pilot scale fluidized bed combustor had been carried out. The work was aimed at demonstrating sustainable combustion of municipal solid waste by employing operating parameters gained from previous studies. The primary and secondary air factor used were AF = 0.8 and AF = 0.6 respectively. The fluidization number was 5Umf and both in-bed and freeboard region temperature distributions were monitored continuously. Results on the combustion studies revealed that the initial bed temperature could be sustained due to high thermal capacity of sand but later dropped due to problem related to the mixing of bulky and heterogeneous components of municipal solid waste and sand.

The Application of SunyPCC800 in CFB Boilers

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 779-782
Author(s):  
Yu Ping Yang ◽  
Yun Feng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Coal Quality ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Secondary Air

The combustion technology of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers is a Cleaning and high efficent of Coal Powder Combustion technology. Traditional control methods can hardly get ideal control effect. To Realize datas reading and writing by self_control software throgh DCS, when coal quality, loading altered, realized automatic closed-loop control of combustion process of circulating fluidized bed, to implement primary air flow, secondary air flow and air-induced automatic cordinated control and reached cleaning of coal quality and combustion high efficiency.

Effects of steam on the sulfation of limestone and NOx formation in an air- and oxy-fired pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed combustor

Fuel ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Stewart ◽  
Robert T. Symonds ◽  
Vasilije Manovic ◽  
Arturo Macchi ◽  
Edward J. Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustor

Numerical analysis of particle clustering effects on desulphurization and NO emission in a circulating fluidized bed combustor

Fuel ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 870-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Shuyan ◽  
Yin Lijie ◽  
Lu Huilin ◽  
Jianmin Ding ◽  
Long Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
No Emission ◽  
Particle Clustering ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustor
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