Experience on Combustion and Co-Combustion of Greek Brown Coal in Fluidized Bed Facilities

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kakaras ◽  
Panagiotis Grammelis ◽  
George Skodras ◽  
Panagiotis Vourliotis
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Combustion Tests

The paper aims to present the experience gained from the combustion trials of Greek brown coal in different installations, both in semi-industrial and laboratory scale. Specifically, these research activities are separated in two parts, i.e. combustion tests using only brown coal and co-combustion tests with brown coal and biomass. Combustion tests with Greek lignite were realised in three different Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (CFBC) facilities. Low rank lignite was burned in a pilot scale facility of approx. 100kW thermal capacity, located in Athens (NTUA) and a semi-industrial scale of 1.2 MW thermal capacity, located at RWE’s power station Niederaussem in Germany. The results include the determination of operating conditions to achieve proper fuel burnout, the examination of the influence of air staging on the temperature distribution inside the reactor and the investigation of the combustion behaviour of the particular fuel type and emitted pollutants. Several conclusions are drawn concerning the necessary modifications and requirements of the plant layout when a large scale CFBC installation is designed to utilize low grade brown coal. Co-combustion tests with Greek xylitic lignite and waste wood were carried out in the 1 MWth CFBC installation of AE&E, in Austria. During the tests, oxygen concentration and CO, SO2, N2O and NOX emissions were continuously monitored. Ash samples were collected and analysed for heavy metals content in ICP-AES spectrophotometer. The improved combustion behaviour of this lignite type was more than evident, since it has lower moisture content and increased calorific value. In all co-combustion tests, low emissions of gaseous pollutants were obtained and metal element emissions were lower than the corresponding values anticipated by the guidelines. In addition, lab-scale co-combustion tests of Greek pre-dried lignite with biomass were accomplished in a bubbling fluidised bed. The main purpose of these experiments was to examine ash melting problems and differentiation to the emitted pollutants due to biomass addition. The obtained results of all aforementioned activities showed that fluidised bed is the appropriate combustion technology to efficiently exploit the low quality Greek brown coal either alone or in conjunction with other biomass materials.

scholarly journals Fluidized bed combustion with the use of Greek solid fuels

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kakaras ◽  
Panagiotis Grammelis ◽  
George Skodras ◽  
Panagiotis Vourliotis
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Bubbling Fluidized Bed ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Combustion Tests

The paper is an overview of the results obtained up to date from the combustion and co-combustion activities with Greek brown coal in different installations, both in semi-industrial and laboratory scale. Combustion tests with Greek lignite were realized in three different Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (CFBC) facilities. Low rank lignite was burned in a pilot scale facility of approx. 100kW thermal capacity, located in Athens (NTUA) and a semi-industrial scale of 1.2 MW thermal capacity, located at RWE's power station Niederaussem in Germany. Co-combustion tests with Greek xylitic lignite and waste wood were carried out in the 1 MWth CFBC installation of AE&E, in Austria. Lab-scale co-combustion tests of Greek pre-dried lignite with biomass were accomplished in a bubbling fluidized bed in order to investigate ash melting problems. The obtained results of all aforementioned activities showed that fluidized bed is the appropriate combustion technology to efficiently exploit the low quality Greek brown coal either alone or in conjunction with biomass species.

scholarly journals Combustion of low grade fractions of Lubnica coal in fluidized bed

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-311
Author(s):  
Milica Mladenovic ◽  
Dragoljub Dakic ◽  
Stevan Nemoda ◽  
Rastko Mladenovic ◽  
Aleksandar Eric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Furnace Temperature ◽  
Industrial Apparatus

In this paper a method of examination of fuel suitability for fluidized bed combustion is presented. The research of combustion characteristics of low grade fractions of Lubnica brown coal in the fluidized bed by the aforementioned methodology has been carried out on a laboratory semi-industrial apparatus of 200 kWt. Description of the experimental fluidized bed combustion facility is given, as well as experimental results, with the focus on furnace temperature distribution, in order to determine the location of the zone of intensive combustion. Based on investigation results, which are focused on combustion quality (combustion completion) as well as on satisfying the environmental protection criteria, it can be stated that the investigated coal is suitable for burning in bubbling, as well as in circulating fluidized bed.

Influence of Fluidization Velocity on Bed Defluidization in Fluidized Bed Combustors

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad R. Golriz ◽  
Morgan Eriksson ◽  
Marcus O¨hman ◽  
Anders Nordin ◽  
Rainer Backman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Fluidization Velocity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Superficial Gas Velocity

Effects of superficial gas velocity and bed particle size on bed defluidization during biomass combustion were investigated. Sampled bed particles from four different large-scale circulating- and bubbling fluidized bed combustors, using biomass as fuel, were collected and analyzed. The bed particles from each fluidized bed unit were divided into small and large particle size fractions. The results indicate no significant difference in elemental compositions between small and large coated bed particles but the ratio of coating thickness to the mean particle diameter was higher for the small particles compared to the large ones. Controlled fluidized bed agglomeration tests revealed strong influence from fluidization velocity on initial defluidization temperatures at lower velocities, but little effect at higher velocities. Influence of bed particle size on initial defluidization temperature varied depending on operating conditions. Finally, a model based on viscous flow sintering is proposed for the relation between agglomeration temperature and superficial gas velocity. The model predictions are in good agreement with experimental data.

scholarly journals Gasturbine for Pressurising a Fluidised Bed Combustion System

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Dibelius ◽  
R. Croonenbrock ◽  
R. U. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Steam Generator ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Compact Design

Pressurised fluidised bed combustion (PFBC) promises even lower emissions of air pollutant substances than already achieved by atmospheric FBC and allows to burn low rank coal. The elevated heat-transfer rate results in a more compact design. A PFBC-fired steam generator for the heat and power plant of the Technical University of Aachen (RWTH) is under construction. Being part of RWTH’s heat and power supply, a high reliability and a wide range of operation is mandatory. With these two aims in mind a scheme consisting of a turbo-charger’s compressor followed by an electrically driven compressor was chosen for the supply of air. The turbocharger’s turbine is fed by stack-gas previously cleaned by means of a pressure-tube-filter at moderate temperatures. Both machines are serial products. While the turbocharger’s speed is determined by the operating conditions, the electrically driven compressor is controlled by adjustable inlet guide vanes. In the pressurised mode of operation, the load of the steam-generator can be varied between some 30 % and 100 % of maximum output. The turbocharger may be bypassed to operate the system at atmospheric conditions. in this mode, 15 % to some 50 % of the operating range is covered.

scholarly journals Utilization of Fly Ashes from Fluidized Bed Combustion: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Ohenoja ◽  
Janne Pesonen ◽  
Juho Yliniemi ◽  
Mirja Illikainen
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Cast Concrete ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Method

Traditionally fly ash is thought to be glassy, spherical particle originating from pulverized coal combustion (PCC) at temperature up to 1700 °C. However, nowadays fluidized bed combustion (FBC) technology is spreading quickly around the world as it is an efficient and environmentally friendly method. FBC is also able to utilize mixtures of low-grade solid fuels (e.g., coal, lignite, biomass, and waste) that have fluctuating quality, composition, and moisture contents. However, this leads to a high variation in the produced fly ash quality, unlike PCC fly ash, and hence challenges when attempting to utilize this fly ash. In this study, the utilization of fluidized bed combustion fly ash (FBCFA) was reviewed using the Scopus database. The most promising utilization target for FBCFA from biomass combustion is as a fertilizer and soil amendment. In construction, the FBCFA from various fuels is utilized as cement replacement material, in non-cement binders, as lightweight aggregates and cast-concrete products. Other types of construction applications include mine backfilling material, soil stabilizer, and road construction material. There are also other promising applications for FBCFA utilization, such as catalysts support material and utilization in waste stabilization.

scholarly journals Preventing circulating fluidised bed agglomeration and deposition during biomass combustion

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Dunajski ◽  
Wojciech Kruk ◽  
Wojciech Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Laboratory Reactor ◽  
Bed Agglomeration ◽  
Circulating Fluidised Bed

Abstract According to a fuel flexibility, fluidized bed boilers are considered as appropriate for biomass combustion as cofiring. But the burning of fuels such as forest and agricultural biomass raises a number of operational problems. Most important of these problems are bed agglomeration and deposition. Deposition appears when biomass contains significant amounts of alkali elements, such as sodium and potassium. The purpose of the work is to select a fuel additive to overcome these operational problems. Investigations were conducted in two stages at a pilot scale 0.1 MWth laboratory circulating fluidized bed reactor. As the fuel, the mixture of biomass contained forest residues, sunflower husks, straw and wood pellets from mixed woods was selected. In the first stage biomass was burnt without any additives, while in the second one the fuel was enriched with some additive. The additive (liquid mixture of chemicals) was added to the fuel in amounts of 1 dm3 per 5-10 Mg of fuel. The following operational parameters were examined: temperature profiles along the height of the circulating fluidised bed column, pressure profiles, emissions. After the tests, the laboratory reactor was inspected inside. Its results enables expression of the following conclusions: there was no agglomeration during fuel additive testing, and the deposition was reduced as well. Moreover, the parts (heating surfaces, separator) of the laboratory reactor were coated with a protective layer. The layer covered microcracks and protected the parts from deposition for a long period after the operation.

Fluidized Bed Combustion of a Biomass Fuel: Comparison Between Pilot Scale Experiments and Model Simulations

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Miccio ◽  
Fabrizio Scala ◽  
Riccardo Chirone
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Carbon Loading

In the present work the efficiency of the fluidized bed combustion (FBC) of high-volatile fuels and the extent of volatile matter post-combustion in the splashing zone and freeboard are investigated. A typical Mediterranean biomass (pine-seed shells) has been burned in a pilot-scale bubbling FB combustor (200 kWt) at different operating conditions. Both over-and under-bed fuel feeding options have been considered. A FBC model specifically developed for high-volatile fuels has been also applied to provide a comparison with bed carbon loading, in-bed heat release and splashing region temperature experimental data. Experimental results showed that the biomass combustion efficiency is always very high as a consequence of the high reactivity of the fuel. Extensive volatile post-combustion above the bed is observed, whose extent appears to be sensitive to the over/under bed feeding option and to the excess air. Approximately 80% of the total heat is released/recirculated in the bed, the remainder leading to appreciable overheating of the freeboard with respect to the nominal bed temperature. Very low bed carbon loadings have been found. Model results compare well with the experimental temperature, heat release and carbon loading trends. However, a detailed prediction of the freeboard temperature profiles requires further improvements of the model.

Comparative Bio-sorption of Cadmium and Nickel Ions from Aqueous Solution onto Fibers of Date Palm using Fluidized Bed Column

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1507-1512
Author(s):  
Baker M. Abod ◽  
Ramy Mohamed Jebir Al-Alawy ◽  
Firas Hashim Kamar ◽  
Gheorghe Nechifor
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Bed Height

The aim of this study is to use the dry fibers of date palm as low-cost biosorbent for the removal of Cd(II), and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution by fluidized bed column. The effects of many operating conditions such as superficial velocity, static bed height, and initial concentration on the removal efficiency of metal ions were investigated. FTIR analyses clarified that hydroxyl, amine and carboxyl groups could be very effective for bio-sorption of these heavy metal ions. SEM images showed that dry fibers of date palm have a high porosity and that metal ions can be trapped and sorbed into pores. The results show that a bed height of 6 cm, velocity of 1.1Umf and initial concentration for each heavy metal ions of 50 mg/L are most feasible and give high removal efficiency. The fluidized bed reactor was modeled using ideal plug flow and this model was solved numerically by utilizing the MATLAB software for fitting the measured breakthrough results. The breakthrough curves for metal ions gave the order of bio-sorption capacity as follow: Cd(II)]Ni(II).

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