In-Situ Capture of CO2 in a Fluidized Bed Combustor

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Carlos Abanades ◽  
Diego Alvarez ◽  
Edward J. Anthony ◽  
Dennis Lu
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Carbonation Reaction ◽  
So2 Capture ◽  
Sonic Energy ◽  
Thermodynamic Limits ◽  
Novel Concept

Increasing atmospheric concentration of CO2 and concern over its effect on climate is a powerful driving force for the development of new advanced energy cycles incorporating CO2 capture. This paper investigates the feasibility of CO2 capture using the carbonation reaction of CaO “in situ” in a fluidised bed combustor, where natural gas or petroleum coke (or any other fuel with low ash content) is being burned. The sorbent can be partially regenerated for CO2 capture by combustion of part of the fuel with O2/CO2 in a separate FBC. The thermodynamic limits in the proposed cycles, in terms of CO2 capture efficiencies, are examined along with the limits imposed by the rapid decay in the sorbent activity during repeated carbonation/calcination cycles, which will be exacerbated by the presence of S. Despite these limitations, it is shown that operating windows exist where it is possible to integrate fuel combustion, CO2 and SO2 capture in a single dual reactor facility. The decay in activity in the sorbent appears to be the major practical limitation to this concept, but this can be compensated for by using a relatively large supply of fresh sorbent, which appears to be acceptable considering the low cost of limestone. Also, a novel concept to reactivate the spent sorbent using sonic energy is outlined here as an alternative to reduce the use of fresh limestone.

scholarly journals CO2 EOR with in-situ CO2 capture, a Neuquina basin oxycombustion case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Gallo ◽  
Raul Puliti ◽  
Rodolfo Torres ◽  
Eleonora Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Discount Rates ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Co2 Eor ◽  
Production Response

Given the growing interest in the capture and utilization of CO2 in recent years, several technologies have emerged that seek to generate CO2 in-situ at a low cost. There are promising developments, which allow capturing CO2 with sufficient purity to be used for EOR. Oxycombustion has high potential in the region as this technology benefits from gas production with a high CO2 content, which significantly reduces the cost of capture. Additionally, carbon dioxide separation techniques such as air capture, fuel cells, amines, and membranes are considered. Argentina has several fields, which produce gas with high CO2 content benefiting Oxycombustion economics.   The paradigm change not only occurs in technology but also in the implementation schemes. The vast majority of the development of CO2 EOR are carried out in the USA with very low CO2 costs and high availability. When considering the costs of CO2 per ton (metric ton) that could be obtained in Argentina, and financial variables such as high discount rates, it is clear that the injection model has to be optimized for these conditions. In order to optimize profitability, it is crucial to improve the payout time and the usage of CO2. In one hand, smaller slugs lead to better CO2 utilization rates (oil produced/CO2 injected) while larger slugs lead to faster oil production response. We observed that due to the high discount rates in the area, faster production response has a higher economic impact that sweep efficiency or breakthrough times. It seems to be better to sacrifice overall recovery factor in order to extract oil as soon as possible. Optimal injection schemes where found for different scenarios. Additionally, starting the project early is a key parameter for both technical and economic success.    Another key technical difference is that the available CO2 volume for injection is constant due to the nature of these capture techniques. Unlike purchasing CO2 from a pipeline, where gas can be purchased as needed, Oxycombustion (or other capture methods) produces a continuous stream limiting injection flexibility. All produced CO2 must be injected as it is being produced and, until production gas reaches a CO2 content high enough to assure MMP, CO2 injection stream cannot exceed the maximum CO2 capture capacity. CO2 EOR has significant advantages over Chemical EOR due to its significant recovery factors and early response. Additionally, this technology applies to reservoirs of low permeability and / or high temperature where the polymer can have problems of injectivity or degradation. 

Coal gasification with in situ CO2 capture by the synthetic CaO sorbent in a 1 kWth dual fluidised-bed reactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (19) ◽  
pp. 14195-14204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui An ◽  
Tao Song ◽  
Laihong Shen ◽  
Changlei Qin ◽  
Junjun Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
In Situ Co2 Capture ◽  
Fluidised Bed Reactor

To Eliminate Curtain Effect of FIB TEM Samples by a Combination of Sample Dicing and Backside Milling

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Shing Luo ◽  
Hsiu Ting Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Sample Preparation Method ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Transmission Electron

Abstract Several methods are used to invert samples 180 deg in a dual beam focused ion beam (FIB) system for backside milling by a specific in-situ lift out system or stages. However, most of those methods occupied too much time on FIB systems or requires a specific in-situ lift out system. This paper provides a novel transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample preparation method to eliminate the curtain effect completely by a combination of backside milling and sample dicing with low cost and less FIB time. The procedures of the TEM pre-thinned sample preparation method using a combination of sample dicing and backside milling are described step by step. From the analysis results, the method has applied successfully to eliminate the curtain effect of dual beam FIB TEM samples for both random and site specific addresses.

Feasibility study of technology-enabled prevention intervention for children and families (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Theofanopoulou ◽  
Katherine Isbister ◽  
Julian Edbrooke-Childs ◽  
Petr Slovák
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Object A ◽  
Intervention Delivery ◽  
Parents And Children

BACKGROUND A common challenge within psychiatry and prevention science more broadly is the lack of effective, engaging, and scale-able mechanisms to deliver psycho-social interventions for children, especially beyond in-person therapeutic or school-based contexts. Although digital technology has the potential to address these issues, existing research on technology-enabled interventions for families remains limited. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility of in-situ deployments of a low-cost, bespoke prototype, which has been designed to support children’s in-the-moment emotion regulation efforts. This prototype instantiates a novel intervention model that aims to address the existing limitations by delivering the intervention through an interactive object (a ‘smart toy’) sent home with the child, without any prior training necessary for either the child or their carer. This pilot study examined (i) engagement and acceptability of the device in the homes during 1 week deployments; and (ii) qualitative indicators of emotion regulation effects, as reported by parents and children. METHODS In this qualitative study, ten families (altogether 11 children aged 6-10 years) were recruited from three under-privileged communities in the UK. The RA visited participants in their homes to give children the ‘smart toy’ and conduct a semi-structured interview with at least one parent from each family. Children were given the prototype, a discovery book, and a simple digital camera to keep at home for 7-8 days, after which we interviewed each child and their parent about their experience. Thematic analysis guided the identification and organisation of common themes and patterns across the dataset. In addition, the prototypes automatically logged every interaction with the toy throughout the week-long deployments. RESULTS Across all 10 families, parents and children reported that the ‘smart toy’ was incorporated into children’s emotion regulation practices and engaged with naturally in moments children wanted to relax or calm down. Data suggests that children interacted with the toy throughout the duration of the deployment, found the experience enjoyable, and all requested to keep the toy longer. Child emotional connection to the toy—caring for its ‘well-being’—appears to have driven this strong engagement. Parents reported satisfaction with and acceptability of the toy. CONCLUSIONS This is the first known study investigation of the use of object-enabled intervention delivery to support emotion regulation in-situ. The strong engagement and qualitative indications of effects are promising – children were able to use the prototype without any training and incorporated it into their emotion regulation practices during daily challenges. Future work is needed to extend this indicative data with efficacy studies examining the psychological efficacy of the proposed intervention. More broadly, our findings suggest the potential of a technology-enabled shift in how prevention interventions are designed and delivered: empowering children and parents through ‘child-led, situated interventions’, where participants learn through actionable support directly within family life, as opposed to didactic in-person workshops and a subsequent skills application.

scholarly journals Converting copper sulfide to copper with surface sulfur for electrocatalytic alkyne semi-hydrogenation with water

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongmeng Wu ◽  
Cuibo Liu ◽  
Changhong Wang ◽  
Yifu Yu ◽  
Yanmei Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Copper Sulfide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Copper Nanowire

AbstractElectrocatalytic alkyne semi-hydrogenation to alkenes with water as the hydrogen source using a low-cost noble-metal-free catalyst is highly desirable but challenging because of their over-hydrogenation to undesired alkanes. Here, we propose that an ideal catalyst should have the appropriate binding energy with active atomic hydrogen (H*) from water electrolysis and a weaker adsorption with an alkene, thus promoting alkyne semi-hydrogenation and avoiding over-hydrogenation. So, surface sulfur-doped and -adsorbed low-coordinated copper nanowire sponges are designedly synthesized via in situ electroreduction of copper sulfide and enable electrocatalytic alkyne semi-hydrogenation with over 99% selectivity using water as the hydrogen source, outperforming a copper counterpart without surface sulfur. Sulfur anion-hydrated cation (S2−-K+(H2O)n) networks between the surface adsorbed S2− and K+ in the KOH electrolyte boost the production of active H* from water electrolysis. And the trace doping of sulfur weakens the alkene adsorption, avoiding over-hydrogenation. Our catalyst also shows wide substrate scopes, up to 99% alkenes selectivity, good reducible groups compatibility, and easily synthesized deuterated alkenes, highlighting the promising potential of this method.

MOF-derived M-OOH with rich oxygen defects by in-situ electro-oxidation reconstitution for highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhikai Shi ◽  
Zebin Yu ◽  
Ronghua Jiang ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
Yanping Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Oxygen Defects ◽  
Electro Oxidation

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an important half-reaction in the field of energy production. However, how effectively, simply, and greenly to prepare low-cost OER electrocatalysts remains a problem. Herein,...

Understanding sulfation effect on the kinetics of carbonation reaction in calcium looping for CO2 capture

2021 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 106913
Author(s):  
Susu Chen ◽  
Changlei Qin ◽  
Junjun Yin ◽  
Xu Zhou ◽  
Shuzhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Carbonation Reaction ◽  
Calcium Looping ◽  
Kinetics Of
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