Toward an Affective Design of Products

Author(s):  
Weihua Lu ◽  
Jean-François Petiot

The measurement and understanding of user emotions elicited by product appearance are critical elements of the product development process and have been interesting design challenges for many years. This paper proposes an original emotion measurement method, called Auditory Parameter Method. It is a non-verbal technique, which uses sounds and association tests for evaluating a set of products (given by their pictures). It provides an assessment of these products according to a series of emotional dimensions. We present a methodological framework to build the links between user’s emotional responses and geometrical features of product, by using a glasses frame 3D model as application case. Analysis of Variance techniques are employed to examine how various shape factors influence users’ emotional responses to 3D model. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our protocol, we compare the proposed method with the conventional Semantic Differential using Principal Component Analysis and Generalized Procrustes Analysis. The new protocol demonstrates interesting qualities to collect the intuitive emotions of user.

Author(s):  
V.N. Voloshin ◽  
I.S. Voloshina ◽  
I.Yu. Vash

The aim of the paper is to study thymus variability in white rats, which were exposed to formaldehyde, and to compare these data with the indicators in control animals. Materials and Methods. The trial enrolled 72 white male rats, initial body weight 40–50 g. The animals were divided into 2 groups (36 rats in each). The first group consisted of control rats. Animals of the second group were exposed to formaldehyde inhalation, 2.766 mg/m3. To characterize the variability of the organ size, centroids were determined. The superposition of landmark configurations was performed using the generalized Procrustes analysis method, MorphoJ 1.06d program. The principal component analysis and canonical analysis of the obtained data were carried out. Results. One-Way ANOVA revealed a high level of intergroup differences in Procrust distance (F=1.34; p<0.0001). The significant effect of the duration of formaldehyde exposure on centroid size was established. The Kruskal-Wallis criterion was 19.778 (p=0.0014). The analysis of the principal components indicated that each of the first 10 components stands for more than 1 % of Procrustes coordinate variance. In this case, the first 7 components compatibly explain 91.398 % of thymus variability. The proportion of the first main component to the total variance of the Procrustes coordinates is 40.236 %. PC1 (-) shows changes in the thymus shape, mostly affecting the tops of its lobes, the middle part of the right boundary and the entire left thymus boundary. The scattering ellipses of the thymus ordinates in rats exposed to formaldehyde, in the first two canonical variables are located higher than those in the control animals. Conclusion. Formaldehyde inhalation leads to thymus changes in white rat. The most significant differences with control data are determined along the second canonical variable. Keywords: thymus, form, rat, formaldehyde, geometric morphometry. Цель. Изучение изменчивости формы тимуса белых крыс, находившихся в условиях влияния формальдегида, и сравнение этих данных с показателями, полученными у контрольных животных. Материалы и методы. Работа выполнена на 72 белых крысах-самцах с начальной массой тела 40–50 г. Животные были разделены на 2 серии (по 36 крыс). Первую серию составляли контрольные крысы. Животные второй серии подвергались ингаляционному воздействию формальдегида (ФА) в концентрации 2,766 мг/м3. Для характеристики изменчивости размеров органов определяли размер их центроидов. Процедуру суперимпозиции конфигураций ландмарок выполняли методом генерализованного прокрустова анализа с использованием программы MorphoJ 1.06d. Проводили анализ главных компонент и канонический анализ полученных данных. Результаты. Однофакторный дисперсионный анализ выявил высокий уровень межгрупповых различий по показателю прокрустовых расстояний (F=1,34; р<0,0001). Установлено значительное влияние продолжительности нахождения животных в условиях воздействия ФА на размер центроида. Критерий Краскела–Уоллиса составил 19,778 (р=0,0014). Анализ главных компонент указывал на то, что каждая из первых 10 компонент объясняет более 1 % дисперсии прокрустовых координат. При этом первые 7 компонент совместно объясняют 91,398 % изменчивости формы тимуса. Вклад первой главной компоненты в общую дисперсию прокрустовых координат составляет 40,236 %. РС1 (–) показывает изменения формы тимуса, в большей степени затрагивающие верхушки его долей, среднюю часть правого контура и весь левый контур тимуса. Эллипсы рассеивания ординат тимусов, принадлежащих крысам, подвергавшимся влиянию ФА, в пространстве первых двух канонических переменных расположены выше по отношению к таковым контрольных животных. Заключение. Ингаляционное воздействие формальдегида приводит к изменению формы тимуса белых крыс. Наибольшие различия с контрольными данными определяются вдоль второй канонической переменной. Ключевые слова: тимус, форма, крыса, формальдегид, геометрическая морфометрия.


Scanning ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Wenqian Chen ◽  
Hao Zeng ◽  
Luna Sun ◽  
Qiuping Xu ◽  
Zhenxue Chen ◽  
...  

Introduction. This study is aimed at illustrating the bimaxillary basal bone contours, to clarify the match of the basal bone arches of the upper and lower, especially the posterior segments, including the second molar and retromolar region. Methods. Based on 100 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images (50 males and 50 females), we obtained 100 pairs of basal bone arches, which were the horizontal inner cortex contours passing the furcation of the first molar paralleled to the lower occlusal plane. The Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) was applied to depict average contours and calculate the ratio and difference width of both upper and lower dental arches in different positions. Variations of the basal bone morphology among individuals were revealed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results. The width discrepancy occurred at 7-7 segment (male: upper 65.62 mm and lower 68.81 mm and female: upper 62.98 mm and lower 68.38 mm) and the retromolar region (male: upper 64.67 mm and lower 71.96 mm and female: upper 62.34 mm and lower 71.44 mm). The ratio ( p = 0.006 ) and difference value ( p = 0.009 ) of 7-7 segment and the ratio of retromolar region ( p = 0.044 ) differed in genders. Setting 2 mm overjet, the upper basal bone arch was wider than the lower by approximate 2 mm on both sides, except the second molar and retromolar region. According to PCA, the variation of basal bone arches appeared mainly at terminal segments. Conclusions. For both male and female, the bimaxillary basal bone matched except terminal segments. Mismatch of female bimaxillary posterior basal bone was more pronounced than male. The basal bone arches of male were wider and longer than that of female.


2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Marek Semelbauer

Abstract The females of the European species Homoneura consobrina, H. patelliformis and H. thalhammeri are not easy to discern. A possible method of identifying females is to apply geometric morphometrics to the wing shape, when we expect females of certain species to have wing shape more similar to conspecific males, than to other species. For this purpose, 94 specimens of the three species were collected mainly by means of Malaise trap in western and central Slovakia and Montenegro. The combination of morphological and distribution data allowed for the females to be divided into three groups. In next step, wings of both males and females were digitized, aligned by Generalized Procrustes Analysis and analyzed via multivariate methods (principal component analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, linear discriminant analysis). Results of the analysis clearly suggest that females with large and convex 8th sternite belong to H. patelliformis, while females with reduced 8th sternite belong to either H. thalhammeri or H. consobrina.


1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Pastor ◽  
E. Costell ◽  
L. Izquierdo ◽  
L. Durán

A trained panel evaluated eight peach nectars by conventional descriptive profile analysis. Two- way analysis of variance showed significant (α ≤ 0.05) differences between samples for the 13 attributes evaluated. For nine of them, interaction between samples and assessors was also signif icant. The internal structure of the data was analysed by generalized Procrustes analysis. It was found that two attributes (granularity and aftertaste) were not good discriminators between samples and that two assessors (1 and 2) differed considerably from the average response. Principal component analysis was applied to the mean scores of samples, considering all attributes and computing means for all assessors and after removing the data for two attributes and two asses sors. Similar sample configurations were obtained in both cases. The two first axes explained more of the total variability in the second case (78.8% vs 69.6%).


1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijmen de Jong ◽  
Johannes Heidema ◽  
Henk C.M. van der Knaap

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Zapata Cardona ◽  
Maria Camila Ceballos ◽  
Ariel Marcel Tarazona Morales ◽  
Edimer David Jaramillo ◽  
Berardo de Jesús Rodríguez

Abstract There is a lack of clarity on whether pigs can emotionally respond to musical stimulation and whether that response is related to music types. Qualitative Behavioral Assessment (QBA) was used to evaluate effects of 16 distinct musical pieces (in terms of harmony and vertical density) on emotional responses in nursery pigs (n=30) during four periods: “habituation,” “treatments,” “breaks,” and “final.” Data were evaluated using Principal component analysis (PCA). Two principal components (PC) were considered in the analysis: PC1, characterized as a positive emotions index, included the terms content, playful, sociable, and happy, whereas PC2, characterized as a negative emotions index, included fearful, inquisitive, and uneasy with positive loadings, and relaxed and calm with negative loadings. Musical stimulation (treatment) increased (P < 0.01) both emotional indices, compared to other periods and this response was influenced by the compositional characteristics of the music. We concluded that pigs have a wide variety of emotional responses, with different affective states related to the type of music used, providing evidence of its potential use as environmental enrichment for the species.


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