Delivering Renewable Integration Services Through University Microgrid Operations: A University of California, San Diego Microgrid Case Study

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Sreedharan ◽  
Jamil Farbes ◽  
Eric Cutter
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Renewable Integration ◽  
High Penetration

Integrating high penetration variable renewables in economically and operationally plausible ways is a current clean energy challenge facing many countries and regions, including California. Renewable energy deployment is a relevant pathway to decarbonize the electricity sector and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) and mitigate the harmful effects of climate change. This paper highlights the key findings from a recently completed study, funded by the California Solar Initiative, to develop and investigate strategies to integrate high penetration renewable energy and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems using distributed energy resources (DER). We develop hypothetical operating strategies that utilize the DER present in campus microgrids, such as combined heat and power (CHP) systems and thermal energy storage, and evaluate these based on economic criteria. Our host site is the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) microgrid, which has a rich DER base that includes a 2.8 MW fuel cell powered by directed biogas, 30 MW of onsite generation, steam and electric chillers, thermal storage and roughly 1.5 MW of onsite solar PV. We develop and evaluate three types of strategies for integrating renewable generation: peak load shifting, on-site PV firming, and grid support. We analyze these strategies with an hourly dispatch optimization model and one year of data. We define a successful renewable integration strategy as one that is operationally plausible and economically viable. We find all three classes of strategies are technically feasible and can be cost-effective under certain conditions. However, we find that the value proposition to customers such as the UCSD campus, under current tariff structures and market prices, will need to be higher to motivate such customers to offer these services, given the risks associated with changing microgrid operations from regular practice. Our findings suggest alternative incentive mechanisms and engagement strategies beyond those pathways currently available are needed to leverage the potential of DER at campuses for renewables integration purposes. Such efforts are relevant not only to campus resources but to similar commercial and industrial loads across California, including the vast combined heat and power resources.

scholarly journals The EU Emissions Trading System and Renewable Energy Policies: Friends or Foes in the European Policy Mix?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Byskov Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Policy Position ◽  
Policy Mix ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Industry Group ◽  
Emissions Trading System

The EU’s energy transition has advanced rapidly over the last decade, with important implications for the policy landscape. Scholars have characterized the Emissions Trading System (ETS) and the Renewable Energy Directive as the most important policies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the electricity sector. However, since the early 2010s, non-governmental and industrial actors have debated whether renewable energy (RE) support and targets are compatible with the ETS. This article systematically assesses the policy preferences of five groups of non-governmental actors with respect to the role of the ETS versus RE policies in three policy processes. For most groups, preferences remain stable across the policy processes. In the electricity industry group, preferences vary from one policy process to another. During the ETS-reform, this group of actors argues that the ETS should be the main climate policy, whereas, in the Clean Energy Package-process, almost half of the utilities endorse continued RE support. This represents a shift in their line of reasoning and policy position: from asserting that RE policies ‘destroy’ the ETS, towards a position which recognizes the value of having both the ETS and RE policies as complementary instruments in the policy mix. The findings point to increasing support for RE policies, which is important for policy makers and scholars involved in designing and implementing the EU’s decarbonization policies.

Optimal Operation of Conventional Power Generation with High Penetration of Renewable Energy using Equilibrium Optimizer Technique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Nusair ◽  
Lina Alhmoud
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Bus System

Over the last decades, the energy market around the world has reshaped due to accommodating the high penetration of renewable energy resources. Although renewable energy sources have brought various benefits, including low operation cost of wind and solar PV power plants, and reducing the environmental risks associated with the conventional power resources, they have imposed a wide range of difficulties in power system planning and operation. Naturally, classical optimal power flow (OPF) is a nonlinear problem. Integrating renewable energy resources with conventional thermal power generators escalates the difficulty of the OPF problem due to the uncertain and intermittent nature of these resources. To address the complexity associated with the process of the integration of renewable energy resources into the classical electric power systems, two probability distribution functions (Weibull and lognormal) are used to forecast the voltaic power output of wind and solar photovoltaic, respectively. Optimal power flow, including renewable energy, is formulated as a single-objective and multi-objective problem in which many objective functions are considered, such as minimizing the fuel cost, emission, real power loss, and voltage deviation. Real power generation, bus voltage, load tap changers ratios, and shunt compensators values are optimized under various power systems’ constraints. This paper aims to solve the OPF problem and examines the effect of renewable energy resources on the above-mentioned objective functions. A combined model of wind integrated IEEE 30-bus system, solar PV integrated IEEE 30-bus system, and hybrid wind and solar PV integrated IEEE 30-bus system are performed using the equilibrium optimizer technique (EO) and other five heuristic search methods. A comparison of simulation and statistical results of EO with other optimization techniques showed that EO is more effective and superior.

scholarly journals Opening new markets for clean energy: The role of project developers in the global diffusion of renewable energy technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne Steffen ◽  
Tyeler Matsuo ◽  
Davita Steinemann ◽  
Tobias S. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Spatial Spillovers ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Mixed Method Design ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAs renewable energy supply chains have grown increasingly globalized, national clean energy transitions have become highly influenced by international dynamics. However, these dynamics are themselves collectively shaped by domestic policy that drives the deployment of renewables. While spatial spillovers of domestic renewable energy policies have been studied on an aggregate level regarding policy diffusion or the flows of technology across countries, implications on an actor-level have been largely neglected. This article addresses this gap by analyzing global patterns of market openings for wind, solar PV, and biomass, focusing on the role of private project developers in developing countries. We use a mixed method design, based on a newly merged dataset encompassing eighty countries, and on interviews with pioneering project developers. Results highlight how patterns in market openings are shaped considerably by technology characteristics. Further, empirical results show international private developers are a key first mover in many developing countries. We explore drivers for this internationalization trend, including the impact of international developers' home country policies and the accumulation of tacit knowledge from home country markets for market openings abroad. Finally, we discuss implications for industrial policy and argue for further research on global spillovers of national policies on the actor-level.

scholarly journals Reduction of Voltage Ripple in DC Link of Wind Energy Conservation System Using Modified DC-DC Boost Converter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hubert Tony Raj ◽  
R. Sivakumar ◽  
R. Akash ◽  
M. Anandha Chakravarthi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy

Renewable energy provisions must be extracted in a more resourceful way, with a power converter added to the mix. If the supply-demand curve rises with the seasons, it becomes clear that renewable energy sources are used to provide clean energy. This clean energy cannot be used on load directly due to fluctuating conditions, to solve this problem a modified DC to DC converter with a ripple-free output is introduced. The Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) and Solar PV were combined to achieve a constant DC output in a hybrid renewable energy conversion system. For renewable energy applications, a redesigned converter with ripple-free output is used. The simulation is made under MATLAB/SIMULINK and experimental parameters were measured using a nominal prototype.

COVID-19 and the global shift progress to clean energy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Anh Tuan Hoang ◽  
Xuan Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Anh Tuan Le ◽  
Thanh Tung Huynh ◽  
Van Viet Pham
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Containment Measures

Abstract The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has presented us with an unprecedented global emergency that severely threatens the lives of millions of people around the world. In response to this existential crisis, state governments have taken drastic containment measures to limit the spread of the coronavirus. The consequential lock-downs have disrupted production and economic activity and had profound impacts on major industries. The heightened financial risk has significantly slowed down new investments while stoking fears of a looming economic recession. Indeed, the pandemic-induced strong reduction in global demand has resulted in sharp falls in energy prices leading to a temporary market distortion that may impede progress in the deployment of new renewable energy projects. Besides, some countries could be at risk of falling short of their 2020 national binding targets given the lack of effective policies required to facilitate new renewable energy investments. Considering the present impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global energy market, there are opportunities to highlight the important role of renewables while making the case for clean energy investments, especially in the electricity sector. This review aims to provide important insights by analyzing the significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global energy market. On the other hand, sustainable energy strategies are also discussed in detail. Finally, lessons learned amidst the costly battle against this invisible enemy could help policymakers and government leaders in identifying the appropriate renewable energy paths for their countries in a post-pandemic future.

scholarly journals A Single-Stage Three Phase CT-Type MLI for Grid Integration and for Supplying Critical Loads

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-720
Author(s):  
Sumit Raj ◽  
Rajib Kumar Mandal ◽  
Mala De
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Grid Integration ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Uninterrupted Power Supply

Power system reliability and resiliency involves availability of uninterrupted power supply to loads. With ever-increasing natural and man-made disturbances in power grid, the need of alternate renewable based source of supply is gaining more attention. This paper presents an efficient renewable energy-based single stage configuration for standalone application to provide uninterrupted power supply to critical loads in case of grid power interruption. This configuration can also be used for grid integration during peak load demand of power. The advancement in research of Multilevel Inverter (MLI) relating to high voltage with high power energy control enabled increased use of MLI in renewable energy, especially PV and fuel cell-based systems. The renewable energy-based configuration proposed in this paper uses Cross T-Type (CT-Type) MLI which provides quality output power from solar PV, fuel cell etc. Moreover, the absence of any DC-DC converter reduces complexity and makes the system more economical for grid integration. The overall system performance improves compared to existing methods in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD), total standing voltage (TSV), number of levels, number of components requirement and efficiency.

scholarly journals Analyzing Demand Response in a Dynamic Capacity Expansion Model for the European Power Market

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Marañón-Ledesma ◽  
Asgeir Tomasgard
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Sector Model ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
And Storage

One of the challenges in the transition towards a zero-emission power system in Europe will be to achieve an efficient and reliable operation with a high share of intermittent generation. The objective of this paper is to analyse the role that Demand Response (DR) potentially can play in a cost-efficient development until 2050. The benefits of DR consist of integrating renewable source generation and reducing peak load consumption, leading to a reduction in generation, transmission, and storage capacity investments. The capabilities of DR are implemented in the European Model for Power Investments with high shares of Renewable Energy (EMPIRE), which is an electricity sector model for long-term capacity and transmission expansion. The model uses a multi-horizon stochastic approach including operational uncertainty with hourly resolution and multiple investment periods in the long-term. DR is modelled through several classes of shiftable and curtailable loads in residential, commercial, and industrial sectors, including flexibility periods, operational costs, losses, and endogenous DR investments, for 31 European countries. Results of the case study shows that DR capacity partially substitutes flexible supply-side capacity from peak gas plants and battery storage, through enabling more solar PV generation. A European DR capacity at 91 GW in 2050 reduces the peak plant capacities by 11% and storage capacity by 86%.

scholarly journals Optimal Operation of Conventional Power Generation with High Penetration of Renewable Energy using Equilibrium Optimizer Technique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Alhmoud ◽  
Khaled Nusair
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Bus System

Over the last decades, the energy market around the world has reshaped due to accommodating the high penetration of renewable energy resources. Although renewable energy sources have brought various benefits, including low operation cost of wind and solar PV power plants, and reducing the environmental risks associated with the conventional power resources, they have imposed a wide range of difficulties in power system planning and operation. Naturally, classical optimal power flow (OPF) is a nonlinear problem. Integrating renewable energy resources with conventional thermal power generators escalates the difficulty of the OPF problem due to the uncertain and intermittent nature of these resources. To address the complexity associated with the process of the integration of renewable energy resources into the classical electric power systems, two probability distribution functions (Weibull and lognormal) are used to forecast the voltaic power output of wind and solar photovoltaic, respectively. Optimal power flow, including renewable energy, is formulated as a single-objective and multi-objective problem in which many objective functions are considered, such as minimizing the fuel cost, emission, real power loss, and voltage deviation. Real power generation, bus 13 voltage, load tap changers ratios, and shunt compensators values are optimized under various power systems’ 14 constraints. This paper aims to solve the OPF problem and examines the effect of renewable energy resources 15 on the above-mentioned objective functions. A combined model of wind integrated IEEE 30-bus system, solar 16 PV integrated IEEE 30-bus system, and hybrid wind and solar PV integrated IEEE 30-bus system are performed 17 using the equilibrium optimizer technique (EO) and other five heuristic search methods. A comparison of 18 simulation and statistical results of EO with other optimization techniques showed that EO is more effective 19 and superior.

scholarly journals Resource Assessment and Techno-Economic Analysis of a Grid-Connected Solar PV-Wind Hybrid System for Different Locations in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya Alharthi ◽  
Mahbube Siddiki ◽  
Ghulam Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources

The economic growth and demographic progression in Saudi Arabia increased spending on the development of conventional power plants to meet the national energy demand. The conventional generation and continued use of fossil fuels as the main source of electricity will raise the operational environmental impact of electricity generation. Therefore, using different renewable energy sources might be a solution to this issue. In this study, a grid-connected solar PV-wind hybrid energy system has been designed considering an average community load demand of 15,000 kWh/day and a peak load of 2395 kW. HOMER software is used to assess the potential of renewable energy resources and perform the technical and economic analyses of the grid-connected hybrid system. The meteorological data was collected from the Renewable Resources Atlas developed by the King Abdullah City of Atomic and Renewable Energy (KACARE). Four different cities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, namely, the cities of Riyadh, Hafar Albatin, Sharurah, and Yanbu were selected to do the analyses. The simulation results show that the proposed system is economically and environmentally feasible at Yanbu city. The system at this city has the lowest net present cost (NPC) and levelized the cost of energy (LCOE), highest total energy that can be sold to the grid, as well as the lowest CO2 emissions due to a highly renewable energy penetration. This grid-connected hybrid system with the proposed configuration is applicable for similar meteorological and environmental conditions in the region, and around the world. Reduction of some greenhouse gasses as well as the reduction of energy costs are main contributors of this research.

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