Potential of Electricity Generation by the Salinity Gradient Energy Conversion Technologies in the System of Urmia Lake-Gadar Chay River

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Emdadi ◽  
Yunus Emami ◽  
Mansour Zenouzi ◽  
Amir Lak ◽  
Behzad Panahirad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Urmia Lake ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Pressure Retarded Osmosis ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Gradient Energy ◽  
Conversion Technologies

Energy production from salinity gradients is one of the developing renewable energy sources, and has significant potential for satisfying electrical demands. Urmia Lake is the second hyper-saline lake in the world and there is a significant salinity gradient between the lake’s water and the waters of those rivers that flow into the lake. A methodology for determining the feasibility for electrical production using Salinity Gradient Power (SGP) is developed for two different types of systems using this location as an example. Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) and Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO), The Gadar Chay River is one of thirteen rivers that run into Urmia Lake; it supports about 10% of the lake’s water. In this study, important parameters such as river discharge and the salinity content of river and lake’s waters for several years were investigated. The theoretical and technical potential of salinity gradient energy was also determined. These calculations indicate that 206.08 MW of electrical power could be produced at this location when the river flow is approximately 29.82 m3/s and they illustrates the potential for salinity gradient energy extraction between Urmia Lake and The Gadar Chay River.

Reverse electrodialysis in bilayer nanochannels: salinity gradient-driven power generation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 7295-7302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Long ◽  
Zhengfei Kuang ◽  
Zhichun Liu ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Gradient Energy ◽  
Ion Transportation

To evaluate the possibility of nano-fluidic reverse electrodialysis (RED) for salinity gradient energy harvesting, we consider the behavior of ion transportation in a bilayer cylindrical nanochannel with different sized nanopores connecting two reservoirs at different NaCl concentrations.

scholarly journals Life cycle assessment of salinity gradient energy recovery by reverse electrodialysis in a seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 4273-4284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Tristán ◽  
Marta Rumayor ◽  
Antonio Dominguez-Ramos ◽  
Marcos Fallanza ◽  
Raquel Ibáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Gradient Energy ◽  
Seawater Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Desalination

LCA of lab-scale and large-scale stand-alone RED stacks and an up-scaled RED system co-located with a SWRO desalination plant.

Harvesting Natural Salinity Gradient Energy for Hydrogen Production Through Reverse Electrodialysis Power Generation

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Nazemi ◽  
Jiankai Zhang ◽  
Marta C. Hatzell
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Density ◽  
External Load ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Ionic Current ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis

There is an enormous potential for energy generation from the mixing of sea and river water at global estuaries. Here, we model a novel approach to convert this source of energy directly into hydrogen and electricity using reverse electrodialysis (RED). RED relies on converting ionic current to electric current using multiple membranes and redox-based electrodes. A thermodynamic model for RED is created to evaluate the electricity and hydrogen which can be extracted from natural mixing processes. With equal volume of high and low concentration solutions (1 L), the maximum energy extracted per volume of solution mixed occurred when the number of membranes is reduced, with the lowest number tested here being five membrane pairs. At this operating point, 0.32 kWh/m3 is extracted as electrical energy and 0.95 kWh/m3 as hydrogen energy. This corresponded to an electrical energy conversion efficiency of 15%, a hydrogen energy efficiency of 35%, and therefore, a total mixing energy efficiency of nearly 50%. As the number of membrane pairs increases from 5 to 20, the hydrogen power density decreases from 13.6 W/m2 to 2.4 W/m2 at optimum external load. In contrast, the electrical power density increases from 0.84 W/m2 to 2.2 W/m2. Optimum operation of RED depends significantly on the external load (external device). A small load will increase hydrogen energy while decreasing electrical energy. This trade-off is critical in order to optimally operate an RED cell for both hydrogen and electricity generation.

scholarly journals Chemical and Energy Recovery Alternatives in SWRO Desalination through Electro-Membrane Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8100
Author(s):  
Marta Herrero-Gonzalez ◽  
Raquel Ibañez
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Bipolar Membranes ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Gradient Energy ◽  
Membrane Technologies

Electro-membrane technologies are versatile processes that could contribute towards more sustainable seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination in both freshwater production and brine management, facilitating the recovery of materials and energy and driving the introduction of the circular economy paradigm in the desalination industry. Besides the potential possibilities, the implementation of electro-membrane technologies remains a challenge. The aim of this work is to present and evaluate different alternatives for harvesting renewable energy and the recovery of chemicals on an SWRO facility by means of electro-membrane technology. Acid and base self-supply by means of electrodialysis with bipolar membranes is considered, together with salinity gradient energy harvesting by means of reverse electrodialysis and pH gradient energy by means of reverse electrodialysis with bipolar membranes. The potential benefits of the proposed alternatives rely on environmental impact reduction is three-fold: (a) water bodies protection, as direct brine discharge is avoided, (b) improvements in the climate change indicator, as the recovery of renewable energy reduces the indirect emissions related to energy production, and (c) reduction of raw material consumption, as the main chemicals used in the facility are produced in-situ. Moreover, further development towards an increase in their technology readiness level (TRL) and cost reduction are the main challenges to face.

Electrochemical Cell Equipment for Salinity Gradient Power Generation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arijit Bag
Keyword(s):  
Present Method ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Concentration Cell ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Pressure Retarded Osmosis ◽  
Very High

Extraction of electricity from the salinity gradient of sea water-river water interface has drawn the key interest of sustainable energy researchers. Different technologies are in the spot light − such as pressure retarded osmosis, reverse electrodialysis, ionic diode membrane, mixing entropy battery, microbial fuel cell, etc. In the present work, electrochemical cell equipment is used for this purpose. Two different techniques are described − galvanic cell equipment (GCEQ) and concentration cell equipment (CCEQ). It is observed that, the extracted energy density is very high (up to 95 W m<sup>−2</sup> ) compared with the other methods of the same kind reported so far. Implementation of these methods is trivial. Thus, we may conclude that present method will fulfill our requirement of sustainable energy resource.<br><br>

scholarly journals Electrochemical Ion Pumping Device for Blue Energy Recovery: Mixing Entropy Battery

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5537
Author(s):  
Felipe Galleguillos ◽  
Luis Cáceres ◽  
Lindley Maxwell ◽  
Álvaro Soliz
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Mixing Entropy ◽  
Gradient Energy ◽  
Technological Means ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Ion Pumping ◽  
Mixing Water

In the process of finding new forms of energy extraction or recovery, the use of various natural systems as potential clean and renewable energy sources has been examined. Blue energy is an interesting energy alternative based on chemical energy that is spontaneously released when mixing water solutions with different salt concentrations. This occurs naturally in the discharge of rivers into ocean basins on such a scale that it justifies efforts for detailed research. This article collects the most relevant information from the latest publications on the topic, focusing on the use of the mixing entropy battery (MEB) as an electrochemical ion pumping device and the different technological means that have been developed for the conditions of this process. In addition, it describes various practices and advances achieved by various researchers in the optimization of this device, in relation to the most important redox reactions and the cathode and anodic materials used for the recovery of blue energy or salinity gradient energy.

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