Experimental Study on Performance of a Residential Combined Cooling, Heating and Power System Under Varying Building Load

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suxin Qian ◽  
Kyle Gluesenkamp ◽  
Yunho Hwang ◽  
Reinhard Radermacher
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Adsorption Chiller ◽  
Sorption Cooling

Trigeneration systems are closely associated with sorption cooling technology because prime mover waste heat can be recovered to produce cooling. The working pair and cycle type of the sorption cooling system needs to be matched to the waste heat temperature of the prime mover, as well as with the capacity and application of the trigeneration system. A residential trigeneration system with a 4 kWelec internal combustion engine, a 220 gallon (830 L) hot water tank and a 3 kW adsorption chiller powered by 70°C waste heat with separate sensible and latent cooling control strategy is presented in this study. Transient experiments were conducted under 5 day long hot water and space cooling load profiles from a simulated house to evaluate the performance from a practical perspective. The fuel consumption was measured and compared with that of two baseline systems. An analytical criterion was derived and discussed to further evaluate the trigeneration system with different loads under different climates. It was found that the presented residential trigeneration system could save about 30% of fuel consumption compared with conventional off-grid operation mode, but is not more fuel efficient than the conventional on-grid and vapor compression cooling combination.

Performance Study of Activated Carbon – Hydrofluoro Olefin Based Adsorption Cooling System

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Khairul Habib
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Adsorption Chiller

In this study, a dynamic behavior of a two bed adsorption chiller has been analyzed using highly porous activated carbon of type Maxsorb III as adsorbent and hydrofluoro olefin [R1234ze (E)] as refrigerant. R1234ze (E) has a low global warming potential (GWP) and zero ozone depletion potential (ODP). A parametric study has been presented where the effects of adsorption/desorption cycle time, cooling water inlet temperature and regeneration temperature on the performance are reported in terms of cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP). This chiller can be driven by the waste heat of internal combustion engine and hence it is applicable in automobile air conditioning.

Sustainable Cooling with Hybrid Concentrated Photovoltaic Thermal (CPVT) System and Hydrogen Energy Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Burhan ◽  
Muhammad Wakil Shahzad ◽  
Kim Choon Ng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Adsorption Chiller ◽  
Back Plate

Standalone power systems have vital importance as energy source for remote area. On the other hand, a significant portion of such power production is used for cooling purposes. In this scenario, renewable energy sources provide sustainable solution, especially solar energy due to its global availability. Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system provides highest efficiency photovoltaic technology, which can operate at x1000 concentration ratio. However, such high concentration ratio requires heat dissipation from the cell area to maintain optimum temperature. This paper discusses the size optimization algorithm of sustainable cooling system using CPVT. Based upon the CPV which is operating at x1000 concentration with back plate liquid cooling, the CPVT system size is optimized to drive a hybrid mechanical vapor compression (MVC) chiller and adsorption chiller, by utilizing both electricity and heat obtained from the solar system. The electrolysis based hydrogen is used as primary energy storage system along with the hot water storage tanks. The micro genetic algorithm (micro-GA) based optimization algorithm is developed to find the optimum size of each component of CPVT-Cooling system with uninterrupted power supply and minimum cost, according to the developed operational strategy. The hybrid system is operated with solar energy system efficiency of 71%.

Powertrain Waste Heat Recovery: A Systems Approach to Maximize Drivetrain Efficiency

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Laboe ◽  
Marcello Canova
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Engine Cooling ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

Up to 65% of the energy produced in an internal combustion engine is dissipated to the engine cooling circuit and exhaust gases [1]. Therefore, recovering a portion of this heat energy is a highly effective solution to improve engine and drivetrain efficiency and to reduce CO2 emissions, with existing vehicle and powertrain technologies [2,3]. This paper details a practical approach to the utilization of powertrain waste heat for light vehicle engines to reduce fuel consumption. The “Systems Approach” as described in this paper recovers useful energy from what would otherwise be heat energy wasted into the environment, and effectively distributes this energy to the transmission and engine oils thus reducing the oil viscosities. The focus is on how to effectively distribute the available powertrain heat energy to optimize drivetrain efficiency for light duty vehicles, minimizing fuel consumption during various drive cycles. To accomplish this, it is necessary to identify the available powertrain heat energy during any drive cycle and cold start conditions, and to distribute this energy in such a way to maximize the overall efficiency of the drivetrain.

scholarly journals System Design of Electricity Generation Using Waste Heat from LNG Automobile

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 02062
Author(s):  
Canzong Zhou ◽  
Shuyi Chen ◽  
Wei Cui ◽  
Zhengmao Yao
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Lead Telluride ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Thermoelectric Conversion ◽  
Temperature Environment

According to the research, thermoelectricity generation can recycle the heat contained in the cooling system of internal combustion engine. This paper is about taking advantage of the feature in the huge temperature difference at about 560 °C which is formed between high-temperature engine and LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) in low temperature and the ability that LNG provides semiconductor with thermoelectric conversion material so as to produce the maximum output voltage in low temperature. We take advantage of lead telluride materials that adapt to the high temperature environment and bismuth telluride materials that adapt to the low temperature environment, both of which forms a circuit and are designed as a thermoelectric power generation device. Also, we confirm the possibility of applying the device to cars.

Evaluation of hot water storage strategy in internal combustion engine on different driving cycles using numerical simulations

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (8) ◽  
pp. 1019-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Sara ◽  
David Chalet ◽  
Mickaël Cormerais ◽  
Jean-François Hetet
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Driving Cycles

Since the main interest worldwide of green environment companies is to reduce pollutant emissions, the automotive industry is aiming to improve engine efficiency in order to reduce fuel consumption. Recently, studies have been shifted from upgrading the engine to the auxiliary systems attached to it. Thermal management is one of the successful fields that has shown promise in minimizing fuel consumption and reducing pollutant emissions. Throughout this work, a four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine model was developed on GT-Power. Also, a thermal code has been developed in parallel on GT-Suite, in which the different parts of the coolant and lubricant circuits were modeled and calibrated to have the best agreement with the temperature profile of the two fluids in the system. Once the model was verified, hot coolant storage, a thermal management strategy, was applied to the system to assess the fuel consumption gain. The storage tank was located downstream the thermostat and upstream the radiator with three valves to control the coolant flow. The place was chosen to avoid negative impact on the cold start-up of the engine when the tank is at the ambient temperature. This strategy was applied on different driving cycles such as the NEDC, WLTC, CADC (urban and highway), and an in-house developed driving cycle. The ambient temperature was varied between −7°C to represent the coldest winter and 20°C. The results of this study summarize the ability of the hot coolant storage strategy in reducing the fuel consumption, and show the best driving cycle that needs to be applied on along with the influence of the different ambient temperatures.

A System Modeling Approach for Active Solar Heating and Cooling System With Phase Change Material (PCM) for Small Buildings

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeevan Ratnanandan ◽  
Jorge E. González
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Adsorption Chiller ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Solar Thermal Collectors ◽  
Change Material

The paper presents a study of the performance of an active solar thermal heating and cooling system for small buildings. The work is motivated by the need for finding sustainable alternatives for building applications that are climate adaptable. The energy demand for heating and cooling needs in residential and light commercial buildings in mid-latitudes represent more than 50% of the energy consumed annually by these buildings. Solar thermal energy represents an untapped opportunity to address this challenge with sustainable solutions. Direct heating could be a source for space heating and hot water, and for heat operated cooling systems to provide space cooling. However, a key limitation in mainstreaming solar thermal for heating and cooling has been the size of thermal storage to implement related technologies. We address this issue by coupling a Phase Change Material (PCM) with an adsorption chiller and a radiant flooring system for year round solar thermal energy utilization in Northern climates. The adsorption chiller allows for chill water production driven by low temperature solar thermal energy for summer cooling, and low temperature radiant heating provides for space heating in winter conditions, while hot water demand is supplied year round. These active systems are operated by high performance solar thermal collectors. The PCM has been selected to match temperatures requirements of the adsorption chiller, and the tank was designed to provide three levels of temperatures for all applications; cooling, heating, and hot water. The material selection is paraffin sandwiched with a graphite matrix to increase the conductivity. The specific objective of the preset work is to provide a system optimization of this active system. The system is represented by a series of mathematical models for each component; PCM tank with heat exchangers, the adsorption machine, the radiant floor, and the solar thermal collectors (Evacuated tubular collectors). The PCM modeling allows for sensible heating, phase change process, and superheating. Parametric simulations are conducted for a defined small building in different locations in US with the objective of defining design parameters for; optimal solar collector array, sizing of the PCM tank, and performance of the adsorption machine and radiant heating system. The monthly and annual solar fractions of the system are also reported.

scholarly journals Performance Investigation of a Two-Bed Type Adsorption Chiller with Various Adsorbents

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Gil Lee ◽  
Kyung Jin Bae ◽  
Oh Kyung Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Adsorption Chiller

In this study, the performance evaluation of an adsorption chiller (AD) system with three different adsorbents—silica-gel, aluminum fumarate, and FAM-Z01—was conducted to investigate the effects of adsorption isotherms and physical properties on the system’s performance. In addition, the performance evaluation of the AD system for a low inlet hot-water temperature of 60 °C was performed to estimate the performance of the system when operated by low quality waste heat or sustainable energy sources. For the simulation work, a two-bed type AD system is considered, and silica-gel, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), and ferro-aluminophosphate (FAPO, FAM-Z01) were employed as adsorbents. The simulation results were well matched with the laboratory-scale experimental results and the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) difference was 7%. The cooling capacity and COP of the AD system were investigated at different operating conditions to discuss the influences of the adsorbents on the system performance. Through this study, the excellence of the adsorbent, which has an S-shaped isotherm graph, was presented. In addition, the influences of the physical properties of the adsorbent were also discussed with reference to the system performance. Among the three different adsorbents employed in the AD system, the FAM-Z01 shows the best performance at inlet hot water temperature of 60 °C, which can be obtained from waste heat or sustainable energy, where the cooling capacity and COP were 5.13 kW and 0.47, respectively.

scholarly journals Residential Total Energy System Testing at the Canadian Centre for Housing Technology

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Yang ◽  
M. A. Douglas ◽  
J. Gusdorf ◽  
F. Szadkowski ◽  
E. Limouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Water Storage Tank

This paper outlines a demonstration project planned and implemented at the Canadian Centre for Housing Technology (CCHT) in 2006. The CCHT, located on the campus of the National Research Council (NRC) in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada maintains two identical, detached, single-family houses that have the capacity to assess energy and building technologies in side by side comparisons with daily simulated occupancy effects. The paper describes the residential integrated total energy system being installed in one of the homes at the CCHT for this demonstration, consisting of two one-ton ground source heat pumps, an air handler with supplemental/back-up hydronic heating capability, a natural gas fired storage type water tank, an indirect domestic hot water storage tank and a multistage thermostat capable of controlling the system. There is also a description of the bore-field, consisting of three vertical wells arranged to suit a typical suburban landscape. Two of the wells serve the heat pumps; the third well is arranged between the other two to sink the waste heat from a cogeneration unit. The 6 kWe cogeneration unit to be installed in May 2007 is also described. The heat pump system was deliberately sized to satisfy the cooling load in Canada’s heat dominated climate, leaving room in the operation of the system to accept waste heat from the cogeneration unit, either directly or indirectly through recycling the heat through the ground to the heat pumps. This paper presents and discusses preliminary testing results during the fall of 2006 and modeling work of the ground heat exchanger component of the system and therefore sets the stage for performance modeling work that is currently underway at Natural Resources Canada (NRCan).

scholarly journals Experimental studies on the hybrid system of heat and cold production from solar energy

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6 Part B) ◽  
pp. 2827-2835
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Gil ◽  
Boguslaw Gradon ◽  
Wojciech Bialik
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
The Impact

In recent years more and more energy is consumed in the European Union countries for summer air conditioning in buildings. This consumption will probably increase even more due to the predicted climate warming and the desire to improve the quality of life. At present final energy as heat and electricity is sourced mainly from fossil fuels. However, recently alternative renewable energy sources are increasingly taken into account as a result of efforts toward environmental protection and fuels savings. This paper presents results of the analysis of a hybrid solar-assisted heating and cooling system for buildings in the temperate climate of west and central Europe. Solar energy potential was estimated. The investigation was performed using a large scale laboratory installation, which contains an evacuated solar collector, a single-stage NH3-H2O absorption chiller and a hot water tank. The impact of the main system parameters on its performance was analyzed on the basis of energy balances.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document