Geothermal Energy for Small-Scale Power Generation Using an Organic Rankine Cycle

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Akbar Hessami
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Experimental Facility ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Brazed Plate Heat Exchangers

Geothermal power generation is achieved by feeding the harnessed geothermal heat into the boiler of an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) based engine which uses an organic working fluid characterised by its low boiling temperature. For the purpose of this study, such a system was designed, built and operated to verify the concept of small-scale power generation using heat from a low temperature source. This experimental facility used hot water as the source of heat, brazed plate heat exchangers as the boiler and the condenser, an automotive inline fuel pump for circulation and a Scroll compressor operated in reverse to act as the expander. The working fluid was R245fa with a boiling point of 80°C at a pressure of 790kPa (or 40°C at 250kPa). A Prony Brake was fitted on the shaft of the expander to determine its power output. Experimental investigations found that ∼600W of power could be produced under optimum conditions at a rotational speed of ∼2000RPM. The details of the experimental facility as well as the results of the experiments are provided in this paper.

Experimental Study of the Influence of Light Intensity on Solar Organic Rankine Cycle Power Generation System

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuping Wang ◽  
Lei Tang ◽  
Yiwu Weng
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Experimental Facility ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Power Generation System

A low-temperature (<120 °C) solar organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power generation experimental facility is designed and built. The influence of light intensity on the system performance is investigated using the experimental facility. The results indicate that the system efficiency can reach 2.2%. The temperature of heat transfer fluid (HTF) decreases linearly with light intensity (I). However, both system efficiency and thermoelectric efficiency first decrease linearly and then drop sharply as I decreases at working fluid flow rates (Vwf) of 200 and 160 L/hr, while they only decrease slightly with I at Vwf of 120 L/hr. The light intensity of the turning point is 824 W/m2 at Vwf of 200 L/hr, which corresponds to an HTF temperature of 75 °C. In addition, it is found that the influence of light intensity on the performance of ORC becomes stronger for higher working fluid flow rate. Moreover, the light intensity and HTF temperature at the turning point increase with working fluid flow rate. The experimental results are of great significance for the design and operation of low-temperature solar ORC power generation system.

scholarly journals Assessment of a District Trigeneration Biomass Powered Double Organic Rankine Cycle as Primed Mover and Supported Cooling

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tauseef Nasir ◽  
Michael Chukwuemeka Ekwonu ◽  
Yoonseong Park ◽  
Javad Abolfazli Esfahani ◽  
Kyung Chun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Exergetic Analysis ◽  
The Impact

This study presents a combined cooling, heating, and power system powered by biogas, suitable for small scale communities in remote locations. To run such a system, in order to obtain the daily life essentials of electricity, hot water, and cooling, municipal waste can be considered as an option. Furthermore, the organic Rankine cycle part of the organic Rankine cycle powered vapor compression chiller can be used in times of need for additional electric production. The system comprises a medium temperature organic Rankine cycle utilizing M-xylene as its working fluid, and the cooling was covered by an Isobutane vapor compression cycle powered by an R245fa employing organic Rankine cycle. The system analyzed was designated to provide 250 kW of electricity. The energetic and exergetic analysis was performed, considering several system design parameters. The impact of the design parameters in the prime mover has a much greater effect on the whole system. The system proposed can deliver cooling values at the rate between 9.19 and 22 kW and heating values ranging from 879 up to 1255 kW, depending on the design parameter. Furthermore, the second law efficiency of the system was found to be approximately 56% at the baseline conditions and can be increased to 64.5%.

Approach to Designing a Solar Concentrator for Small Scale Remote Power Application

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Metwally ◽  
Lamyaa A. El-Gabry ◽  
Ahmed Makhlouf
Keyword(s):  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Capstone Project ◽  
Power Application

A small-scale concentrated solar power unit was designed to provide electricity and hot water using an organic Rankine cycle for Egypt as part of an undergraduate capstone project. The system was designed for a target power output of 3 KW. It uses parabolic troughs to heat ethylene glycol used as the heat transfer fluid which absorbs heat in the trough collector and transfers it to the working fluid through a heat exchanger. The system consists of 9 parabolic troughs and a total aperture area of 67 square meters, providing the required 3 KW of energy to the ORC. One parabolic trough was manufactured to test its thermal efficiency according to ASHRAE standard 93-2003 and compare it to its calculated value. A simple microcontroller-based system was used to track the sun.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Small-Scale Integrated Solar ORC-Absorption Based Cogeneration Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 946
Author(s):  
Xiaoqiang Hong ◽  
Feng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cascade System ◽  
Cooling Mode

This paper aims to present a comparative study into the cascade and series configurations of the organic Rankine cycle based small-scale solar combined cooling, heating and power system for civil application. The energy performance of the systems is studied by developing a thermodynamic model. The simulation model is validated using the literature results. Analyses of the research results indicated that the cascade system can achieve maximum value of the primary energy efficiency of 13.4% for cooling and power generation under solar collecting temperature of 115 °C in cooling mode. The cascade system has more cooling output and less electricity output in cooling mode compared with the series system. In heating mode, the single solar organic Rankine cycle (ORC) operation can achieve highest primary energy efficiency of 19.6% for heating and power generation under solar collecting temperature of 100 °C. Systems with R141b as ORC working fluid show better performance than those with R123 and R1233zd(E).

scholarly journals Water Mixtures as Working Fluids in Organic Rankine Cycles

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costante Invernizzi ◽  
Marco Binotti ◽  
Paola Bombarda ◽  
Gioele Di Marcoberardino ◽  
Paolo Iora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycles ◽  
Turbine Design

This work explores the possibility to adopt in organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plants mixtures of water (acting as solvent) plus an organic compound (acting as solute) as the working fluid. Initially an evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of the mixtures is performed, in order to assess their properties, and to point out the molar fractions which entail a near-azeotropic behaviour. Four species from three different classes of chemical compounds are investigated: 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and n-butanol for alcohols, where the first is fluorinated, acetonitrile for nitrile class and 2-methylpyrazine as a heterocyclic aromatic compound. Simultaneously, the thermal stability of the pure substances considered as the possible solute for the mixtures is experimentally investigated in order to estimate the temperature applicability range. The ORC plant performance, from a low-enthalpy geothermal heat source (hot water stream from 100 to 200 °C), adopting the selected mixtures as the working fluid is finally evaluated, and the analysis includes a preliminary discussion on the turbine design; results are compared with respect to the reference case of a hypothetical plant adopting water as the working fluid.

Development and Characterization of Small-Scale ORC System Using Scroll Expander

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1627-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunkoo Yun ◽  
Hyun Dong Kim ◽  
Sang Youl Yoon ◽  
Kyung Chun Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Scroll Expander

In order to determine the operating characteristics of a small-scale ORC (organic Rankine cycle) system for various low temperature heat sources, experiments were carried out. A small-scale ORC power generation system adopting R-245fa as a working fluid was designed and manufactured. Hot water was used for the heat source and the temperature was controlled by the 110 kW electric resistance heaters which provided up to 150 °C. Cooling temperature was controlled by a circulating water chiller to simulate various heat sink environments. An open-drive oil-free scroll expander directly connected to a high-speed synchronous generator was installed in the ORC unit. The efficiencies of the cycle and the expander, electric power of the developed ORC system with respect to the operating conditions were investigated by experiments. The factors which influence the performance of the oil-free scroll expander were analyzed and discussed.

1-D Model Analysis of Tesla Turbine for Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Song ◽  
Chun-wei Gu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
D Model

Energy shortage and environmental deterioration are two crucial issues that the developing world has to face. In order to solve these problems, conversion of low grade energy is attracting broad attention. Among all of the existing technologies, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) has been proven to be one of the most effective methods for the utilization of low grade heat sources. Turbine is a key component in ORC system and it plays an important role in system performance. Traditional turbine expanders, the axial flow turbine and the radial inflow turbine are typically selected in large scale ORC systems. However, in small and micro scale systems, traditional turbine expanders are not suitable due to large flow loss and high rotation speed. In this case, Tesla turbine allows a low-cost and reliable design for the organic expander that could be an attractive option for small scale ORC systems. A 1-D model of Tesla turbine is presented in this paper, which mainly focuses on the flow characteristics and the momentum transfer. This study improves the 1-D model, taking the nozzle limit expansion ratio into consideration, which is related to the installation angle of the nozzle and the specific heat ratio of the working fluid. The improved model is used to analyze Tesla turbine performance and predict turbine efficiency. Thermodynamic analysis is conducted for a small scale ORC system. The simulation results reveal that the ORC system can generate a considerable net power output. Therefore, Tesla turbine can be regarded as a potential choice to be applied in small scale ORC systems.

Exergoeconomic comparison and optimization of organic Rankine cycle, trilateral Rankine cycle and transcritical carbon dioxide cycle for heat recovery of low-temperature geothermal water

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (8) ◽  
pp. 1068-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Noroozian ◽  
Abbas Naeimi ◽  
Mokhtar Bidi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Exergetic Efficiency ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Product Cost

Depleting fossil fuel resources and the horrible environmental impacts due to burning fossil fuels emphasize the importance of using renewable energy resources such as geothermal and solar energies. This paper compares performance of CO2 transcritical cycle, organic Rankine cycle, and trilateral Rankine cycle using a low-temperature geothermal heat source. Thermodynamic analysis, exergetic analysis, economic analysis, and exergoeconomic analysis are applied for each of the aforementioned cycles. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is performed on the system, and the effects of geothermal heat source temperature, evaporator pinch point temperature, and turbine inlet pressure on the cycle's performance are evaluated. Finally, the systems are optimized in order to minimize product cost ratio and maximize exergetic efficiency by using the genetic algorithm. Results indicate that the maximum thermal efficiency is approximately 13.03% which belongs to organic Rankine cycle with R123 as working fluid. CO2 cycle has the maximum exergetic efficiency, equals to 46.13%. The minimum product cost ratio refers to the organic Rankine cycle with R245fa as working fluid. Moreover, sensitivity analysis shows that increasing geothermal heat source temperature results in higher output power, product cost ratio, and exergy destruction ratio in all cycles.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle Systems for Solar Energy Utilisation

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqi Wang ◽  
Long Jiang ◽  
Zhiwei Ma ◽  
Abigail Gonzalez-Diaz ◽  
Yaodong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Storage Tank ◽  
Solar Thermal Collector ◽  
Cycle Systems

Small-scale organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems driven by solar energy are compared in this paper, which aims to explore the potential of power generation for domestic utilisation. A solar thermal collector was used as the heat source for a hot water storage tank. Thermal performance was then evaluated in terms of both the conventional ORC and an ORC using thermal driven pump (TDP). It is established that the solar ORC using TDP has a superior performance to the conventional ORC under most working conditions. Results demonstrate that power output of the ORC using TDP ranges from 72 W to 82 W with the increase of evaporating temperature, which shows an improvement of up to 3.3% at a 100 °C evaporating temperature when compared with the power output of the conventional ORC. Energy and exergy efficiencies of the ORC using TDP increase from 11.3% to 12.6% and from 45.8% to 51.3% when the evaporating temperature increases from 75 °C to 100 °C. The efficiency of the ORC using TDP is improved by up to 3.27%. Additionally, the exergy destruction using TDP can be reduced in the evaporator and condenser. The highest exergy efficiency in the evaporator is 96.9%, an improvement of 62% in comparison with that of the conventional ORC, i.e., 59.9%. Thus, the small-scale solar ORC system using TDP is more promising for household application.

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