Uncertainty Analysis for Dimensioning Solar Photovoltaic Arrays

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heejin Cho ◽  
Nelson Fumo
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
World Population ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Photovoltaic Arrays ◽  
Photovoltaic Technology

As the world population increases, so does their demand for energy. The demand of energy is mainly in the form of electricity with an origin primarily from fossil fuels. Since solar photovoltaic technology has the ability to convert solar energy directly into electricity, this technology has become one of the most popular alternatives at all scales for substitution of technology that uses fossil fuels. However, a limiting factor for the massive use solar photovoltaic technology is economics. A key component in the overall strategy to overcome the economic limitation of solar photovoltaic technology is the system size optimization at the design stage. At the design stage, data related to the solar energy availability, energy demand, and equipment performance is used to determine the size of the equipment while being able to satisfy the targeted peak energy demand. In general, a common engineering safety factor is used to ensure the system to meet the energy demand during its life cycle operation. The sizing procedure of solar photovoltaic systems can be further improved to be more reliable and economical when the uncertainty in the design process is considered. This paper presents a framework to perform an uncertainty analysis that can lead to improve sizing process for solar photovoltaic arrays. Through results from the application of the proposed approach, a reliable interval for the size of the photovoltaic array is found that can lead to more accurate and economic design compared to the use of common engineering safety factors.

Methodology for Optimization of Stand-Alone Solar Photovoltaic Systems

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Fumo ◽  
V. Bortone ◽  
J. C. Zambrano
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic System

The concept of Net-Zero Energy in building refers to a building which has an annual balance of energy flow at the utility meter of zero. The concept implies that the building may consume energy from an external provider at times in order to satisfy the building demands, but at other times it must produce enough on-site energy to compensate for this energy. The use of renewable energy technologies is implicit as the source of energy to compensate for any energy used from an external provider. Solar photovoltaic is a proved technology for achieving Net-Zero Energy building but economic factors has limited its broad use. The design stage of a solar photovoltaic project is critical to make a project feasible. In the design stage, the equipment sizing must be optimized in order to reduce the initial capital cost and, therefore, improve the economics of the project. For houses, which is the focus of this paper, a stand-alone solar photovoltaic system must supply the house energy demand at all times since it is not connected to the electric grid. As a means to size the system, data of solar energy availability must be used to ensure that the system will provide enough energy to satisfy the energy demand as well as provide energy to charge the batteries that will provide the energy required when the solar energy is not available. In this paper, a methodology to optimize the size of the photovoltaic array and the battery bank is proposed. The methodology accounts for Typical Meteorological Year data (TMY3) to ensure that the system, based on accepted statistical data, will be able to satisfy the energy demand at all times. An example that uses energy demand data obtained from the simulation of a house using the software EnergyGauge is used to illustrate the implementation of the methodology.

Predictive Modeling for Rooftop Solar Energy Throughput: A Machine Learning-Based Optimization for Building Energy Demand Scheduling

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mahdi Houchati ◽  
Monem H. Beitelmal ◽  
Marwan Khraisheh
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Prediction Algorithm ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Photovoltaic Array

Abstract The intermittent and fluctuating nature of solar energy is the biggest challenge facing its widespread utilization. Implementing onsite photovoltaic systems as alternative energy sources have established the need for reliable forecasting procedures to improve scheduling and demand management. This paper presents a solar energy prediction algorithm to optimize the available solar energy resource and manage the demand-side accordingly. The algorithm utilizes Support Vector Regression (SVR), a machine learning technique, validated using 1-year energy consumption data collected from an office building instrumented as an experimental testbed facility. Power meters and temperature sensors collect the building's internal climate and energy data, while a solar photovoltaic array and a weather station provide the external relevant data. The forecasting method uses the average power output of k-similar days as an added input to the SVR model to enhance its performance. The day-ahead prediction results show that this additional input contributes to higher forecasting efficiency, especially in the hot climate regions, where sunny weather conditions prevail throughout the year. The photovoltaic output prediction accuracy for the sunny days is above 90%, which offers possibilities for optimized scheduling and leading to smart building energy management. Finally, this paper also proposes a setpoint optimization algorithm for the building Air Conditioning system to minimize the difference between the building energy load and the generated solar photovoltaic power. Using 24 °C as the upper setpoint temperature limit reduces the energy demand (consumption) by up to 29% and the associated reduction in CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Investigation of Auxiliary Power Potentials of Solar Photovoltaic Applications of Dry Bulk Carrier Ships

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wandifa Saidyleigh ◽  
A. I. Olcer ◽  
R Baumler
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
International Shipping ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Bulk Carriers ◽  
Photovoltaic Technology

The increase in world seaborne trade over the past decade due to global economic and population expansion has resulted in a corresponding increase of world shipping fleet with even greater size and power requirements. The bulk of these ships use cheap and widely available fossil fuels, mainly oil for operation but which has deleterious effects on the environment. In order to address environmental concerns in the shipping sector, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), responding to the global call to reduce greenhouse gases emissions from international shipping adopted technical and operational measures. These are to ensure efficient energy management on ships and have led to the application of many innovative technologies including the use of renewable energies and alternative fuels on ships to minimize fossil fuel consumption and reduce emissions. However, in order to achieve a substantial emissions reduction in international shipping, the potential applicability of a technology which utilizes a universal renewable energy resource on the largest ship type in international shipping fleet should be investigated. This research focuses on investigating the potential of Solar Photovoltaic technology on dry bulk carriers using a developed methodology and Levelised cost of energy concept as the basis for comparison. The results of this research can be used to guide decision makers about the potentials of Solar Photovoltaic technology on dry bulk carriers in general whilst its developed methodology may be useful in the specific context for determining which ships and under what circumstances solar PV is an option.

Optimal Layout for Façade-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Arrays in Constrained Fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Energy Accumulation ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Photovoltaic Arrays ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Mutual Shading ◽  
Optimization Routine

Abstract A method for optimizing the geometrical layout for a façade-mounted solar photovoltaic array is presented. Unlike conventional studies, this work takes into account the finite height of the façade, which is more realistic. The proposed analytical relationships and optimization routine evaluate the best tilt angle and the number of panels such that the whole layout receives the maximum solar radiation, year-round. This is achieved while ensuring that the panels are at a safe minimum distance to avoid mutual shading issues. Validation was performed by simulating the scenarios and comparing the results with manual measurements taken in a three-dimensional drafting program. The method was then used to evaluate designs for facades with a variety of orientations, hypothetically located in Auckland, New Zealand. For this case study, the per-panel and total year-round energy accumulation associated with the number of panels were determined. The results showed that more panels can be integrated into constrained fields by sacrificing the year-round best value of the tilt angle. Therefore, increasing the number of panels may decrease the energy accumulation performance.

scholarly journals Photovoltaic Solar Energy: Is It Applicable in Brazil? – A Review Applied to Brazilian Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-120
Author(s):  
Wilmer Emilio García Moreno ◽  
Andressa Ullmann Duarte ◽  
Litiéle dos Santos ◽  
Rogério Vescia Lourega
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Solar Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Photovoltaic Technologies ◽  
Brazilian Case

AbstractThe photovoltaic technologies have been developed year by year in different countries; however, there are some countries where this kind of energy is being born, such as the Brazilian case. In this paper, some important parameters are analysed and applied to different solar cell materials, identifying that if the fossil fuels were substituted by solar cells, it would reduce the CO2 emissions by 93.2%. In addition, it is shown that the efficiency of solar cells is not as farther as it could be thought from coal thermoelectrical plants in Brazil and the cost of energy using solar cells could be as good as these thermoelectrical plants. Finally, the potentiality of Brazilian territory to implant this technology is presented, identifying that with the use of 0.2% of the territory, the energy demand could be supplied.

Solar Photovoltaic Technology—A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Mishra ◽  
Prabhakar Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Photovoltaic Technology ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Materials Used

With growing the necessity of alternative energy, this demand will be lead to in the interest of solar research in order to extend the properties containing concentration, charge transfer, absorption and charge separation of solar cell devices along with materials. The solar energy are most abundant, infinite, inexhaustible and clean among all the renewable power resources till now. It can be used by various techniques such as making full use of sunlight to directly generate electricity or by using heat from the sun as a thermal energy. The Photovoltaic technologies are one of the best ways to harness the solar power. The aforementioned one script reviews the photovoltaic technology, its power producing efficiency, the different actual light appealing materials used, its substantial prospect as well various its applications. The Photovoltaic (PV) power generation are one of the most promising power generation among others alternative sources. In this literature survey, we summarize the significance of solar photovoltaic power generation. Solar power generation is likely one of the well-known sectors to give a boost to the sustainability of India. Solar power has giant capability in India due to that it lies in tropical zone. The Solar energy are on the pace to become the fastest rising energy sources in human history.

A Software Optimization of the Solar Energy System Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Lukáš Skalík ◽  
Otília Lulkovičová
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Hot Water

The energy demand of buildings represents in the balance of heat use and heat consumption of energy complex in the Slovak national economy second largest savings potential. Their complex energy demands is the sum of total investment input to ensure thermal protection and annual operational demands of particular energy systems during their lifetime in building. The application of energy systems based on thermal solar systems reduces energy consumption and operating costs of building for support heating and domestic hot water as well as savings of non-renewable fossil fuels. Correctly designed solar energy system depends on many characteristics, i. e. appropriate solar collector area and tank volume, collector tilt and orientation as well as quality of used components. The evaluation of thermal solar system components by calculation software shows how can be the original thermal solar system improved by means of performance. The system performance can be improved of more than 31 % than in given system by changing four thermal solar system parameters such as heat loss coefficient and aperture area of used solar collector, storage tank volume and its height and diameter ratio.

scholarly journals Catalysts for Biodiesel Production: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1985-1999
Author(s):  
K.A.V. Miyuranga ◽  
D. Thilakarathne ◽  
Udara S.P.R. Arachchige ◽  
R.A. Jayasinghe ◽  
N.A. Weerasekara
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
World Population ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
The World

As the world population and modernization increase, energy demand increases. One of the non-sustainable energy sources is fossil fuels. However, fossil fuel consumption raises various environmental and economic issues. Most of the studies focus on sustainable energy sources, which can replace fossil fuel dependence. Biodiesel is an alternative sustainable fuel for diesel power. Biodiesel can produce through the transesterification process. Since the catalyst plays a significant role in the biodiesel yield during a defined reaction time, the addition of a catalyst can increases the reaction rate. This article is outlined the several catalysts used by multiple researchers over the years to increase biodiesel yields.

Organic photovoltaics as a solution to overcome growing atmospheric carbon emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Tchognia Nkuissi ◽  
Amina Labiod ◽  
Stéphanie Ferry ◽  
Patrick Lévêque ◽  
Thomas Heiser
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Industrial Level

<p>Nowadays, climate change is a reality because energy demand is mostly satisfied by fossil fuels which are limited resources and also responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. Actions have to be undertaken to overcome this issue. Among the solutions proposed to this is the development and use of new energy sources called renewable energies. By renewable energy, we understand energies coming from the sun, wind, geothermal, water, or biomass. Of these, solar energy is one of the most abundant, clean, effective, and easily deployed. One of the efficient ways to exploit solar energy is photovoltaics.</p><p>Two decades of research have allowed organic photovoltaics to appear today as an alternative to their conventional and inorganic counterparts. However, several issues have to be addressed in order to ease their production on an industrial level. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells based on the blend of two types of conjugated molecules acting as an electron donor (hole transport) and an electron acceptor (electron transport) are the most efficient organic solar cells. Further, using non-fullerene acceptors (or NFA) in these BHJ solar cells have recently gained a broad interest due to their great potential to realize high conversion efficiencies (more than 18%) with a long lifetime over the conventional polymer/fullerene blend solar cells.</p><p>Here we provide an overview of the recent progress of different existing and growing photovoltaic technologies. We also provide prospects for the future development of organic photovoltaic devices.</p>

Selection of Sensors for Heliostat of Concentrated Solar Thermal Tower Power Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Kamran Mahboob ◽  
Qasim Awais ◽  
Awais Khan ◽  
Tabish Fawad ◽  
Momen Rasool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
System A ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Selection Of

As the energy demand of the world is rising, more and more efforts are being made to harness different forms of energy available. Current pollution due to fossil fuels has directed the world to shift to cleaner renewable energies, such as solar. Photovoltaic, as well as concentrated solar technologies, are developed to harness solar energy. The concentrated solar tower power plant is an emerging technology and is under development having vast areas of improvement. The efficiency of the concentrated solar tower power plant depends upon the accuracy of the tracking system of the heliostats placed all around the central tower of the plant. A closed-loop tracking system a feedback method is a need. In addition, to check the accuracy of the system, a calibration system is required. This system uses different types of sensors. In this study, an effort is made to enlist different types of sensors available and their use in the tracking system of the solar thermal tower power plant. In addition, different sensors are suggested that are best suited for calibration and correction purposes.

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