Energy Storage Analysis to Increase Large Ship Fuel Efficiency

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin H. Gully ◽  
Michael E. Webber ◽  
Carolyn C. Seepersad ◽  
Richard C. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Large Ship

The marine transportation industry is a significant contributor to global emissions of CO2 and other pollutants. Although marine emission standards have become increasingly stringent, increasing fuel efficiency remains the primary objective in terms of further reducing emissions and overall marine energy use. In this paper, a hybrid powertrain is investigated as a means of increasing fuel efficiency for a modern, 100 m class, passenger vessel. The hybrid powertrain includes an Energy Storage System (ESS) based on sodium sulfur (NaS) batteries and commercially available Caterpillar diesel engine-generator sets. The ship’s power load profile is based on annual averages for similar vessels. A control strategy and simulation models are developed and implemented in Simulink to analyze the power and energy flows in the hybrid powertrain. The Simulink model is used to compare the base scenario of a ship without energy storage to a hybrid scenario employing a 7.5 MWh NaS battery pack with related control strategy. Annual fuel consumption is the primary measure that is used to assess efficiency. Unlike hybrid powertrains for light-duty surface vehicle transportation, which achieve efficiency gains on the order of 10–20% [8, 9, 10], the hybrid powertrain for a large ship is estimated to lower annual fuel consumption by approximately 2%. The surprisingly small level of fuel savings is explained largely by the granularity of marine power systems, which include multiple generators that can be switched on and off to maximize fuel efficiency.

scholarly journals Distributed Control Strategy for DC Microgrids of Photovoltaic Energy Storage Systems in Off-Grid Operation

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxuan Chen ◽  
Suliang Ma ◽  
Haiyong Wan ◽  
Jianwen Wu ◽  
Yuan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Distributed Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Voltage Stabilizer ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Dc Microgrids ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy ◽  
Operation Conditions

DC microgrid systems that integrate energy distribution, energy storage, and load units can be viewed as examples of reliable and efficient power systems. However, the isolated operation of DC microgrids, in the case of a power-grid failure, is a key factor limiting their development. In this paper, we analyze the six typical operation modes of an off-grid DC microgrid based on a photovoltaic energy storage system (PV-ESS), as well as the operational characteristics of the different units that comprise the microgrid, from the perspective of power balance. We also analyze the key distributed control techniques for mode transformation, based on the demands of the different modes of operation. Possible reasons for the failure of PV systems under the control of a voltage stabilizer are also explored, according to the characteristics of the PV output. Based on this information, we propose a novel control scheme for the seamless transition of the PV generation units between the maximum PV power tracking and steady voltage control processes, to avoid power and voltage oscillations. Adaptive drooping and stabilization control of the state of charge of the energy storage units are also considered, for the protection of the ESS and for reducing the possibilities of overcharging and/or over-discharging. Finally, various operation conditions are simulated using MATLAB/Simulink, to validate the performance of the proposed control strategy.

scholarly journals Energy Storage Systems for Shipboard Microgrids—A Review

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mutarraf ◽  
Yacine Terriche ◽  
Kamran Niazi ◽  
Juan Vasquez ◽  
Josep Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Shipboard Power Systems ◽  
Shipboard Power

In recent years, concerns about severe environmental pollution and fossil fuel consumption has grabbed attention in the transportation industry, particularly in marine vessels. Another key challenge in ships is the fluctuations caused by high dynamic loads. In order to have a higher reliability in shipboard power systems, presently more generators are kept online operating much below their efficient point. Hence, to improve the fuel efficiency of shipboard power systems, the minimum generator operation with N-1 safety can be considered as a simple solution, a tradeoff between fuel economy and reliability. It is based on the fact that the fewer the number of generators that are brought online, the more load is on each generator such that allowing the generators to run on better fuel efficiency region. In all-electric ships, the propulsion and service loads are integrated to a common network in order to attain improved fuel consumption with lesser emissions in contrast to traditional approaches where propulsion and service loads are fed by separate generators. In order to make the shipboard power system more reliable, integration of energy storage system (ESS) is found out to be an effective solution. Energy storage devices, which are currently being used in several applications consist of batteries, ultra-capacitor, flywheel, and fuel cell. Among the batteries, lithium-ion is one of the most used type battery in fully electric zero-emission ferries with the shorter route (around 5 to 10 km). Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) are one of the solutions, which can be implemented in high power/energy density applications. In this case, two or more energy storage devices can be hybridized to achieve the benefits from both of them, although it is still a challenge to apply presently such application by a single energy storage device. The aim of this paper is to review several types of energy storage devices that have been extensively used to improve the reliability, fuel consumption, dynamic behavior, and other shortcomings for shipboard power systems. Besides, a summary is conducted to address most of the applied technologies mentioned in the literature with the aim of highlighting the challenges of integrating the ESS in the shipboard microgrids.

New control strategy for the weekly scheduling of insular power systems with a battery energy storage system

2015 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Osório ◽  
E.M.G. Rodrigues ◽  
J.M. Lujano-Rojas ◽  
J.C.O. Matias ◽  
J.P.S. Catalão
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Battery Energy Storage System ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Battery Energy

scholarly journals Using Energy Storage Inverters of Prosumer Installations for Voltage Control in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Rozmysław Mieński ◽  
Przemysław Urbanek ◽  
Irena Wasiak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Total Power

The paper includes the analysis of the operation of low-voltage prosumer installation consisting of receivers and electricity sources and equipped with a 3-phase energy storage system. The aim of the storage application is the management of active power within the installation to decrease the total power exchanged with the supplying network and thus reduce energy costs borne by the prosumer. A solution for the effective implementation of the storage system is presented. Apart from the active power management performed according to the prosumer’s needs, the storage inverter provides the ancillary service of voltage regulation in the network according to the requirements of the network operator. A control strategy involving algorithms for voltage regulation without prejudice to the prosumer’s interest is described in the paper. Reactive power is used first as a control signal and if the required voltage effect cannot be reached, then the active power in the controlled phase is additionally changed and the Energy Storage System (ESS) loading is redistributed in phases in such a way that the total active power set by the prosumer program remains unchanged. The efficiency of the control strategy was tested by means of a simulation model in the PSCAD/EMTDC program. The results of the simulations are presented.

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