Hydrogen Economy or Electricity Economy?: A Transportation Case Study

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Storage System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
New Generation ◽  
High Energy Storage Density

Transportation accounts for more than a quarter of total global energy consumption. For fuelling road transportation there has been much speculation about the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier, which proponents claim would usher in the “Hydrogen Economy”. The concept of the “complete energy conversion chain” has been used to compare the overall energy consumption and CO2 emissions from vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cells with those from vehicles using a battery and electric drive. The analysis shows that if a sustainable source of electricity is used to produce hydrogen, then the hydrogen and fuel cell system is just equivalent to a battery. The efficiency of these two different approaches has been compared, and shows that the hydrogen system would consume nearly three times the primary energy required by a battery storage system. Conventional batteries do not, however, have a sufficiently high energy storage density to provide the range needed for most drivers. A new generation of plug-in hybrid vehicles is being developed which take advantage of the best attributes of both electric vehicles and conventional fossilfuelled vehicles. These vehicles show promise to dramatically reduce the quantity of greenhouse gases produced each year by the transportation sector.

scholarly journals Energy considerations of social dwellings in Colombia accotding to NZEB concept

DYNA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (192) ◽  
pp. 120-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Alfonso Osma Pinto ◽  
David Andrés Sarmiento Nova ◽  
Nelly Catherine Barbosa Calderón ◽  
Gabriel Ordóñez Plata
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Energy Concept ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Energy Grid

<p class="Default">In this paper, the characteristics and definitions of NZEBs are studied. In particular, the methods for calculating balance for each concept and methodology are analyzed in this work, taking into account the interaction of the NZEB with the energy grid, the emissions produced per energy consumption and the introduction of the primary energy concept as an indicator of balance. High-energy-efficient appliances are of main interest in this paper due to the importance and level of use in tropical regions. It is described how these appliances can reduce the energy consumption and its impact in the electrical performance being a benefit significant in Colombia, if it could be applied massively in projects related to <em>Viviendas de Interés Social </em>–VIS (social dwellings) in the long run.</p>

scholarly journals Quality of Life Dependence on Energy Consumption: Intercountry Variations

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.Yu. CHEREVATSKYI
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
National Economies

The unity and struggle of opposites in the context of quality of life determines the use of primary energy resources, whether fossil or alternative sources, which is related to the state of the environment. An effective policy for the sustainable development of mankind requires the consumption of large amounts of energy to make life dignified, and the strict limitation of the consumption of energy to protect the environment. Th e purpose of the article is to determine the dependence of the quality of life of the population on the consumption of primary energy resources in national economies. Th e novelty of the research lies in the comparison of the quality of life of the population in national economies with the consumption of primary energy resources; application of the indicator of lost years of healthy life as a measure of the quality of life of the population; introduction of concepts of density of lost years of healthy life and ecological density (the ratio of the national value of Footprint to the energy resources consumption). Research methods. Th e work is based on the use of the Global Disease Burden project methodology; comparative research, mathematical statistics (regression and cluster analysis); mathematical modelling. Th e uneven specific consumption of energy resources in national economies of different types is proved based on cluster analysis results, it is found that industrial countries consume more energy than countries with warm climates, but less than developed countries, high energy consumption reduces the number of lost years of active life, but greatly increases the size of ecological Footprint. Th e phenomenon of peninsulas in quality of life is demonstrated, the density of lost years of healthy life and ecological density in national economies in relation to primary energy consumption is analyzed, the significant non-linearity of dependencies is proved, and it is shown that meeting the requirements of sustainable development is impossible without deteriorating the quality of life of countries with population that consumes a lot of energy, but under the conditions of exponential characteristics of the development deterioration is unlikely to be catastrophic.

QGLG Automatic Energy Gear-Shifting Mechanism with Flexible QoS Constraint in Cyber-Physical Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-65
Author(s):  
Xindong You ◽  
Yeli Li ◽  
Zhenyang Zhu ◽  
Lifeng Yu ◽  
Dawei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Current System ◽  
Storage System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Machine Model ◽  
System Load ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Energy Consumption Reduction

This article describes how with the continuous expansion on the volume of data produced by sensors in Cyber Physical Systems, the scale of the cloud storage system has become larger. This will lead to the problems of a high energy consumption rate and a low utilization becoming a serious issue. In order to enhance the effective energy consumption, reduce the invalid energy consumption, and supply more flexible QoS for users in CPS, this article proposes an automatic energy gear-shifting mechanism with flexible QoS constraints (QGLG). The QGLG predicts system load of the follow-up period through a support vector machine model. According to the current system load, the predicted load, and the flexible QoS, QGLG automatically up-shifts and down-shifts among nodes. Substantive results from the simulation experiments done on GridSim show that the QGLG can achieve energy consumption reduction while satisfying the user's flexible QoS requirements. Compared with a similar energy-reducing mechanism, QGLG has its obvious advantage when considering the requirements of user with energy saved notwithstanding.

scholarly journals MALAYSIAN ENERGY DEMAND AND EMISSIONS FROM THE TRANSPORTATION SECTOR

Transport ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Al-Mofleh ◽  
Soib Taib ◽  
Wael A. Salah
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
World Energy

Road transport represents one of the greatest areas of challenge for energy efficiency. A growing percentage of petrol usage is due to consumption in the transportation sector. However, in other sectors, petrol has been recently partially or totally substituted by other fuels. The need for worldwide action to achieve energy efficiency in the transportation sector has been recognized by the agencies of the United Nations and other international governmental and non‐governmental organizations. Transportation is one of the key factors for the growth and development of Malaysian economy. Currently, more than 80% of primary energy consumption based on fossil fuels and demand stays high and is supposed continually grow in the future. Even if technology developments eventually able to reduce specific consumption, world energy demand is likely to increase in line with its population. This sector also accounts for a substantial amount of air pollution in cities and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aims to analyze factors influencing the pattern and emission level of energy consumption in the transportation sector of Malaysia and extrapolates the total energy demand and vehicular emissions.

Installation Design and Energy Conservation Analysis of Floor Radiant Cooling/Heating System with Solar Energy

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 2146-2153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Fen Li ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Wei Dong Sun ◽  
Zhi Tian Zhou ◽  
Cui Cui Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Radiant Cooling ◽  
New Energy

How to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning, to use new energy such as solar appropriately, and to achieve energy savings, are the problems must be treated in HVAC industry. Because of the high energy consumption of traditional air-conditioning and the need for reduction of emission, an air conditioning system (utilizing solar dehumidifying applied to heating/cooling radiant floor) is designed and installed in this paper. At the same time, as an example, the energy saving potential of system is analyzed. This type of heating/cooling radiant floor system is worth promoted if solve the dehumidification properly. By separating to deal with heat and moisture can reduce the energy-cost of traditional air-conditioning, and to achieve purposes of primary energy saving.

scholarly journals Ambition Levels of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) Definitions: An Approach for Cross-Country Comparison

Buildings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Garcia ◽  
Lukas Kranzl
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

Since buildings account for 40% of total energy consumption and 36% of CO2 emissions in the European Union (EU), the directive 2010/31/EU “Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPDB)” among other legal provisions concerning the reduction of energy consumption of buildings has been enforced. According to this legislation, all new buildings must be nearly zero energy buildings “nZEB” by 31 December 2020 (public buildings by 31 December 2018). Nonetheless, the assessment of the “high energy performance” of a building is ambiguous and a cross country comparison seems to be intricate since different national building codes and nZEB definitions employ different energy indicators and methods. This paper delves into the question of how do the ambition levels of “nZEB” definitions and the transposition of the Directive 2010/31/EU into national law differ in four selected EU Countries: Austria, Germany, Spain, and England (as part of UK). The energy performance of some exemplary buildings is assessed by means of a simplified MATLAB model that is based on the norm DIN V-18599. The results drawn from this work show how diverse are building codes scopes and national “nZEB” definitions. Only 9 of the 36 studied cases of residential buildings obtain consistently the “nZEB” compliance status in all four selected countries. The results show that climate conditions, energy requirements, primary energy factors, ambition levels, and calculation methodologies lead to the problem of an uneven cross-country comparison. Moreover, primary energy consumption [kWh/m2a] set as the main quantitative energy indicator by the directive 2010/31/EU might not be the most suitable one for an EU level comparison.

The socio-demographic dimensions of the private transportation emissions

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Giorgio Besagni ◽  
Marco Borgarello
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Private Transportation

It is known that the transportation sector accounts for a considerable share of the emissions and the primary energy consumption of the countries as a whole, thus determining an increas-ing attention towards the decarbonisation pathways of the transportation sectors. The energy consumption at the country-scale can be interpreted as the integral of the socio-demographic layer and the behavior spectrum. Thus, ad-hoc policy schemes need to rely on multi-scale ap-proaches, describing the household-scale and, subsequently, scaling-up towards the country-scale. In this long-term aim and perspective, the present communication contributes to the ex-isting discussion regarding relationships between the household/socio-demographic character-istics and the transportation patterns. In particular, focusing on the Italian case study, this communication explores the relationships between the household/socio-demographic variables and the carbon dioxide emissions related to the private transportation sector. To this end, this paper build on micro-data obtained by the Italian Institute of statistics and it applies a four-step statistical method to select suitable variables, explore the significant determinants and perform an household segmentation. It is found that the geographic area (in terms of the macro-scale as well as the micro-scale geographic locations) as well as income-related variables are likely to be factors influencing the carbon dioxide emissions related to the private transportation sector.

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