Low-Cost Pyrometric Temperature Measurement in Concentrated Sunlight With Emissivity Determination

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan B. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Solar Furnace ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
The Difference

A method for correcting pyrometric temperature measurements of high temperature objects with unknown emissivity is presented. The method also estimates surface emissivity a the pyrometer wavelengths. It is particularly useful for correcting errors due to reflected light in solar heating applications. The method requires two or more narrow band pyrometers and can be applied to low-cost commercial instruments. The method analyzes the temperature measurements of multiple pyrometers operating at different wavelengths across a range of sample temperatures to solve for the surface emissivities that minimize the differences in temperature measurements. The temperature measurements are corrected using the new emissivities values. Simulated temperature data with both random noise and systematic errors is used to assess the robustness of the analysis method. When applied to temperature data from a solar furnace, it is shown to significantly decrease the difference in the temperature measurements of two single-color pyrometers. This method provides a potential low cost solution for pyrometric temperature measurement of solar-heated objects.

Pyrometric Temperature Measurement in Concentrated Sunlight With Emissivity Determination

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan B. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Solar Furnace ◽  
Surface Emissivity ◽  
Specialized Equipment ◽  
The Difference

Pyrometers are commonly used for high temperature measurement, but their accuracy is often limited by uncertainty in the surface emissivity. Radiation heating introduces additional errors due to the extra light reflected off the measured surface. While many types of specialized equipment have been developed for these measurements, this work presents a method for measuring high temperatures using single color pyrometers when the surface emissivity is unknown. It is particularly useful for correcting errors due to reflected light in solar heating applications. The method requires two pyrometers and is most helpful for improving measurement accuracy of low cost commercial instruments. The temperature measurements of two pyrometers operating at different wavelengths are analyzed across a range of sample temperatures to find the surface emissivity values at each wavelength that minimize the difference in temperature measurements between pyrometers. These are taken as the surface emissivity values, and the initial temperature measurements are corrected using the calculated emissivity values to obtain improved estimates of the surface temperature. When applied to temperature data from a solar furnace, the method significantly decreased the difference in the temperature measurements of two single color pyrometers. Simulated temperature data with both random noise and systematic errors are used to demonstrate that the method successfully converges to surface emissivity values and reduces temperature measurement errors even when subjected to significant errors in the model inputs. This method provides a potential low cost solution for pyrometric temperature measurement of solar-heated objects. It is also useful for temperature measurement of objects with unknown emissivity.

Measurement of High Thermodynamic Temperatures in the DLR Solar Furnace by UV-B Detection

Solar Energy ◽  
2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Rohner ◽  
Andreas Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Solar Furnace ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
System Temperature ◽  
Selection Of

The correct selection of the operating wavelength is essential for a precise pyrometric temperature measurement on solar irradiated samples, as the measurement may be disturbed by reflected solar radiation. Atmospheric conditions and particularly the emissivity as basic material property determine the amount of this reflected and the emitted radiation from a sample under investigation. An approach to solve this problem by using a monochromator system for temperature measurement in the UV-B range was developed and experimentally tested. With this system, temperature measurements were possible beginning at 1320°C and ranging up to about 2400°C. Two calculation methods are described and compared. The influence of the calibration temperature on the quality of the temperature measurement is shown. Measurements on a blackbody up to 1500°C were performed for calibration purpose. Temperature measurements on a real solar heated magnesia sample up to 2400°C are presented and discussed. These spectral measurements on hot bodies irradiated in the DLR Solar Furnace led to the final specification of the measurement wavelengths to be in the range from 280 nm to 293 nm.

scholarly journals Temporal Artery Temperature Measurement in the Neonate

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1026-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashette Syrkin-Nikolau ◽  
Karen Johnson ◽  
Tarah Colaizy ◽  
Ruthann Schrock ◽  
Edward Bell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Temporal Artery ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Postmenstrual Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Objective We compared an infrared temporal artery thermometer with our clinical standard axillary thermometer for temperature measurements in neonatal patients. Study Design We measured temporal artery (Tta), axillary (Tax, clinical standard), and rectal (Tr, gold standard) temperatures of 49 infants. The difference between Tr and Tta was compared with that between Tr and Tax, and the data were analyzed based on bed type and postmenstrual age. Results The mean Tta, Tax, and Tr were 37.16 (SD 0.36) °C, 36.61 (SD 0.30) °C, and 36.82 (SD 0.30) °C, respectively. The measurements by these methods were all significantly different. The mean Tr-Tax was 0.21 (SD 0.26) °C, and the mean Tr-Tta was −0.34 (SD 0.37) °C, indicating that Tax was closer to Tr than was Tta (p < 0.0001). Tta agreed more closely with Tr for infants in cribs than for those in incubators. Adjusting for bed type and body weight, with each week of postmenstrual age, the discrepancy between Tr-Tta and Tr-Tax decreased by 0.005°C (p = 0.034). Conclusion Compared with the gold standard, Tr, Tta is not more accurate than Tax. The temporal artery thermometer was less accurate for infants in incubators than for infants in cribs. The accuracy of temporal artery temperature increased with postmenstrual age.

Building a new high-density air temperature measurement network in two Swiss cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien G. Anet ◽  
Sebastian Schlögl ◽  
Curdin Spirig ◽  
Martin P. Frey ◽  
Manuel Renold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Density ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

&lt;p&gt;With progressive climate change, weather extremes are very likely to become more frequent. While rural regions may suffer from more intense and longer drought periods, urban spaces are going to be particularly affected by severe heat waves. This urban temperature anomaly, also known as &amp;#8220;urban heat island&amp;#8221; (UHI), can be traced back to different factors, the most prominent being soil sealing, lower albedo and lack of effective ventilation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;City planners have started developing mitigation strategies to reduce future forecasted heat stress in urban regions. While some heat reduction strategies are currently intensely scrutinized and applied within pilot projects, the efficiency of latter mitigation actions can be overseen due to the low density of reference in situ air temperature measurements in urban environments. The same problem applies when trying to benchmark modeling studies of UHI as the amount of benchmarking data may be insufficient.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To overcome this lack of data, over the last two years, a dense air temperature measurement network has been installed in the Swiss cities of Basel and Zurich, counting more than 450 sensors. The low-cost air temperature sensors are installed on street lamps and traffic signs in different local climate zones of the city with an emphasis on street canyons, where air temperatures are expected to be the largest and most of the city&amp;#8217;s population lives and works. These low-cost sensors add valuable meteorological information in cities and complement the WMO reference stations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Air temperature measurements from the low-cost sensor network were controlled for accuracy, reliability and robustness and homogenized in order to minimize radiation errors, although 40% of the stations were equipped with self-built radiation shields, allowing an efficient passive ventilation of the installed sensors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We demonstrate the strength of our network by presenting first results of two exemplary heat waves that occurred in July 2019 and August 2020 and show that a) the radiation-error corrected datasets correlate well with different high-quality reference WMO stations, and b) the existence of urban heat islands in Zurich and Basel can be well confirmed, showing significant air temperature differences of several degrees between rural and urban areas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results demonstrate the advantages of a high-density low-cost air temperature network as a benchmark for future urban heat islands modelling studies.&lt;/p&gt;

The Research and Application of Crude Oil Fingerprint Technology to Exploration and Development Integration

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1541-1545
Author(s):  
Tao Guo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Chromatographic Fingerprint ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fingerprint Database ◽  
Database Platform ◽  
Exploration And Development

As layering trail production is regularly used in monitoring of oil-producing profile during oil exploration and development, stratification testing is applied using downhole tools, which is characterized by high cost and poor randomness. To address this issue, a study into crude oil fingerprint-chromatogram monitoring oil-producing profile is carried out with various advantages such as low cost, continuous, rapid and accurate analysis, as well as good reproducibility and reliability. This program has worked out the difference between chromatographic fingerprint analysis method and characteristic fingerprint peak, completed the construction of chromatographic fingerprint database platform, and developed a software of chromatographic fingerprint computing oil-producing profile.

Implementasi Sistem Informasi Monitoring Pengolahan Data Inventory Gudang Pada PT.Talaga Mulya Indah

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Nurlaila Suci Rahayu Rais ◽  
Dedeh Apriyani ◽  
Gito Gardjito
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Monitoring of warehouse inventory data processing is an important thing for companies. PT Talaga mulya indah is still manual using paper media, causing problems that have an effect on existing information, namely: problems with data processing of incoming and outgoing goods. And the difference between data on the amount of stock of goods available with physical data, often occurs inputting data more than once for the same item, searching for available data, and making reports so that it impedes companies in monitoring inventory of existing stock of goods. Which aims to create a system that can provide updated information to facilitate the warehouse admin in making inventory reports, and reduce errors in input by means of integrated control. In this study, the authors used the data collection method used in this analysis using the method of observation, interviews, and literature review (literature study). For analysis using the PIECES analysis method. Furthermore, the system design used is UML (Unified Modeling Language). The results of this study are expected to produce the right data in the process of monitoring inventory data processing, also can provide the right information and make it easier to control the overall availability of goods.

Pandhawa Gubah sebagai Representasi Interaksi Metafisik Manusia Jawa dan Perbandingannya dengan Cheritera Pandawa Lima

Manuskripta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Novarina Novarina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Literary Study ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Comparative Study

Abstract: This research is a comparative literary study that uses Malay and Javanese versions of Mahabarata text sources. The research objects used were the text edition of Pandhawa Gubah (PG) by Sudibjo Z. Hadisutjipto and the text of Cheritera Pandawa Lima (CPL) by Khalid Hussain. The research method used is descriptive-analysis method. In the comparative study used a comparative literary theory proposed by Endraswara (2011). The results of the text comparison reveal the similarities and differences in the image of Bima figures in the Javanese and Malay versions. The equation as a whole is that both texts contain the same heroic storyline and heroic character, Bima. In addition, Indian influence is still evident in the two texts seen from the nuances of Hinduism that exist in both texts. While the difference is seen in the events that accompany Bima's struggle in achieving his victory. Based on these similarities and differences, it can be seen that the authors attempt to represent the concept of metaphysical interactions vertically and horizontally expressed through PG text. --- Abstrak: Penelitian ini adalah satu kajian sastra bandingan yang menggunakan sumber teks Mahabarata versi Melayu dan Jawa. Objek penelitian yang digunakan adalah edisi teks Pandhawa Gubah (PG) karya Sudibjo Z. Hadisutjipto dan teks Cheritera Pandawa Lima (CPL) karya Khalid Hussain. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif-analisis. Dalam telaah perbandingan digunakan teori sastra bandingan yang dikemukakan Endraswara (2011). Hasil perbandingan teks mengungkapkan adanya persamaan dan perbedaan citra tokoh Bima dalam versi Jawa maupun versi Melayu. Persamaan secara keseluruhan adalah kedua teks tersebut mengandung alur cerita kepahlawanan dan tokoh pahlawan yang sama yaitu Bima. Selain itu, pengaruh India masih tampak dalam kedua teks tersebut dilihat dari nuansa Hinduisme yang ada dalam kedua teks. Sementara perbedaannya tampak pada peristiwa-peristiwa yang menyertai perjuangan Bima dalam mencapai kemenangannya. Berdasarkan persamaan dan perbedaan tersebut tampak adanya upaya penulis untuk merepresentasikan konsep interaksi metafisik secara vertikal dan horizontal yang diungkapkan melalui teks PG.

Kesalahan Penggunaan Bahasa Perancis dalam Tulisan Mahasiswa Program Studi Sastra Perancis Unpad

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Gilang Januarsyah
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
French Language ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Writing Skill ◽  
Language Writing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

ABSTRAKUntuk menghasilkan sebuah karangan berbahasa Perancis yang dapat dipahamioleh khalayak umum, mahasiswa harus menguasai kemampuan berbahasa Perancis ragamtulis yang baik dan benar sesuai dengan kaidah yang berlaku. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk menjelaskan kesalahan sintaksis yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa Program StudiSastra Perancis Universitas Padjadjaran. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diambildari sepuluh karangan mahasiwa yang duduk di semester lima dan tujuh dan dianalisisdengan menggunakan metode simak dan metode analisis padan referensial translasionaldengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesalahantertinggi yang dilakukan mahasiswa adalah kesalahan dalam penggunaan passé composédan imparfait sebesar 50%, kemudian diikuti oleh kesalahan dalam penggunaan pronomrelatif simple et composé ‘pronomina penghubung bebas dan turunan’ sebesar 30%, danterakhir kesalahan dalam penggunaan pronom COD et COI ‘pronomina COD dan COI’ sebesar20%. Faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya kesalahan tersebut adalah faktor linguistikyang disebabkan oleh perbedaan kaidah tatabahasa bahasa Indonesia dan Perancis.Selain itu terdapat pula faktor sosiolinguistik yang disebabkan oleh jarangnya mahasiswamembiasakan diri mereka untuk mengaplikasikan bahasa Perancis di luar kelas.Kata kunci: kesalahan, sintaksis, bahasa Perancis, tulis, pengajaranABST RACTTo produce a French-language essay that can be understood by the general public,the students should master the ability of French language in good and true writing skill inaccordance with the applicable rules. The aim of this research is to explain the syntactic errorsmade by students of French literature’s program at University Padjadjaran. The sources ofdata are taken from the ten student essays who sit in the fifth and seventh semesters, and themethods used in this research are Observation Method ‘Metode Simak’ and the analyticalreference translational analysis method with a qualitative approach. The results of thisresearch indicate that the highest errors that students make are the use of passé composéand imparfait as much as fifty percent, followed by errors in the use of pronom relatifsimple et composé ‘the free and derivative pronouns’ thirty percent, and the last error is inthe use of pronom CO D et CO I ‘‘The COD and COI pronouns’ twenty percent. The factors thatcause those errors are a linguistic caused by the difference rules of Indonesian and Frenchgrammar. In addition there are also sociolinguistic factors caused by the rarity of studentsfamiliarize themselves to apply the French language outside the classroom.Keywords: Error, syntax, French language, writing, teaching

scholarly journals Remote Reflectivity Sensor for Industrial Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1301
Author(s):  
Federico Cavedo ◽  
Parisa Esmaili ◽  
Michele Norgia
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Interference Immunity ◽  
Surface Reflection ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Digital Detector ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Surface Optical ◽  
Diffused Light

A low-cost optical reflectivity sensor is proposed in this paper, able to detect the presence of objects or surface optical properties variations, at a distance of up to 20 m. A collimated laser beam is pulsed at 10 kHz, and a synchronous digital detector coherently measures the back-diffused light collected through a 1-inch biconvex lens. The sensor is a cost-effective solution for punctual measurement of the surface reflection at different distances. To enhance the interference immunity, an algorithm based on a double-side digital baseline restorer is proposed and implemented to accurately detect the amplitude of the reflected light. As results show, the sensor is robust against ambient light and shows a strong sensitivity on a wide reflection range. The capability of the proposed sensor was evaluated experimentally for object detection and recognition, in addition to dedicated measurement systems, like remote encoders or keyphasors, realized far from the object to be measured.

scholarly journals Molecularly imprinted electrospun fiber membrane for colorimetric detection of hexanoic acid

e-Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 500-510
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Ying ◽  
Jieyuan He ◽  
Xiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrospun Fiber ◽  
Colorimetric Detection ◽  
Hexanoic Acid ◽  
Bromocresol Purple ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Imagej Software

Abstract An imprinted electrospun fiber membrane was developed for the detection of volatile organic acids, which are key components of human body odor. In this study, hexanoic acid (HA) was selected as the target, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used as the substrate, and colorimetric detection of HA was achieved by a bromocresol purple (BCP) chromogenic agent. The results showed that the morphology of the fiber membrane was uniform and continuous, and it showed excellent selectivity and specificity to HA. Photographs of the color changes before and after fiber membrane adsorption were recorded by a camera and quantified by ImageJ software by the difference in gray value (ΔGray). This method is simple, intuitive, and low cost and has great potential for application in human odor analysis.

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