Optimal Terminal Box Control Algorithms for Single Duct Air Handling Units

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Hum Cho ◽  
Mingsheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Air Handling Units ◽  
Waste Energy ◽  
Operation Control ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

Terminal boxes are one of the major building HVAC components and directly impact building room comfort and energy costs. Current terminal boxes may cause occupant discomfort and waste energy if they have inappropriate operation control functions. The objective of this study is to develop and implement applicable optimal terminal box control algorithms. The thermal conditions and energy consumption are compared between conventional and improved control algorithms using measured data. The results of this study show that optimal terminal box control algorithms can stably maintain the set room air temperature and reduce energy consumption compared to conventional control algorithms.

Study of Exterior Window’s Energy-Saving Design for the Residential Buildings in Severe Cold Region

2012 ◽  
Vol 598 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Hong Tao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Window Design ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

Measure the temperature of exterior window and surrounding walls’ inner surface, and measure interior air temperature to analyze the effect, which was brought to building energy consumption and interior thermal conditions by the exterior window of the building; studied several details of exterior window design, and proposes a method, which is separately controlling the heat-transfer coefficient according to different orientation, room’s positions and room’s functions while designing the exterior windows, in order to improve the interior thermal conditions and reduce energy consumption of the residential buildings.

scholarly journals Working and Limitations of Cable Stiffening in Flexible Link Manipulators

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rahul Dixit ◽  
R. Prasanth Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Finite Number ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Flexible Link ◽  
The Past ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Special Control

Rigid link manipulators (RLMs) are used in industry to move and manipulate objects in their workspaces. Flexible link manipulators (FLMs), which are much lighter and hence highly flexible compared to RLMs, have been proposed in the past as means to reduce energy consumption and increase the speed of operation. Unlike RLM, an FLM has infinite degrees of freedom actuated by finite number of actuators. Due to high flexibility affecting the precision of operation, special control algorithms are required to make them usable. Recently, a method to stiffen FLMs using cables, without adding significant inertia or adversely affecting the advantages of FLMs, has been proposed as a possible solution in a preliminary work by the authors. An FLM stiffened using cables can use existing control algorithms designed for RLMs. In this paper we discuss in detail the working principle and limitations of cable stiffening for flexible link manipulators through simulations and experiments. A systematic way of deciding the location of cable attachments to the FLM is also presented. The main result of this paper is to show the advantage of adding a second pair of cables in reducing overall link deflections.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Variasi Jarak Penghalang Segitiga di depan Silinder Arah Vertikal terhadap Drag

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
I Putu Gede Gunawan Tista ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Putra Tenaya ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Putu Sudanta
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Bluff Body ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cylinder Surface ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

Salah satu cara untuk menghemat energi pada pesawat terbang dan bluff body lainnya adalah dengan mengurangi drag. Drag erat hubungannya dengan separasi aliran. Semakin awal terjadi separasi maka drag semakin meningkat. Oleh karena itu upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengurangi drag adalah dengan memanipulasi medan aliran fluida. Manipulasi aliran bisa dilakukan secara pasif antara lain menempelkan sebuah sirip pada bluff body, melubangi bluff body, menambahkan spiral pada bluff body dan menempatkan penghalang yang lebih kecil didepan bluff body. Penelitian ini yaitu dengan cara  menempatkan penghalang berbentuk segitiga didepan silinder. Dalam penelitian ini pengujian dilakukan pada wind tunnel, yang terdiri dari blower, pipa pitot, manometer, pipa silinder, dan segitiga penghalang. Penempatan penghalang divariasikan pada arah vertikal posisi y = 0, y = 5 mm, y = 10 mm, y = 15 mm, sedangkan posisi penghalang pada arah horisontal pada jarak  60 mm terhadap silinder dengan panjang sisi segitiga adalah 8 mm. Distribusi tekanan diperoleh dengan mengukur tekanan permukaan silinder pada 36 titik dengan interval 10o. Data yang diukur adalah tekanan permukaan silinder, tekanan statis, dan kecepatan aliran fluida. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan drag pada saat diberi penghalang segitiga dibandingkan dengan tanpa diberi penghalang segitiga. Nilai koefisien drag untuk silinder tanpa diberi penghalang yaitu 0.1276. Sedangkan dari variasi jarak penghalang pada arah vertikal diperoleh penurunan koefisien drag tertinggi adalah pada posisi  y = 0 yaitu sebesar 0,0186. Besarnya penurunan drag pada posisi ini adalah 85,45% dibandingkan dengan tanpa penghalang. One of the ways to reduce energy consumption an airplane and the other bluff body is by decreasing the drag.  The drag is closely related to the flow of separation. The early separation, then the drag will increase. Based on the fact the effort to decrease drag is conducted by manipulating the field of fluid flow. The stream manipulation can be done passively, for example, by attaching a fin at the bluff body, by making a hole on the bluff body, enhancing spiral at the bluff body and placing a smaller barrier, on front of bluff body. The experiment was done by placing a triangle rod on front of the cylinder. In the present research the experiment was conducted in a wind tunnel, which consisted of a blower, a pitot pipe, a manometer, a main cylinder pipe, and a triangle rod. The triangle was variation vertical positioned at y = 0 mm, y = 5 mm, y = 10 mm, y = 15 mm. while the position of barrier in the horizontal direction at 60 mm distance towards the cylinder with the triangle side length was 8 mm. Pressure distribution was measured on 36 points at the cylinder surface with an interval of 100. The measured data was the pressure of cylinder surface, the static pressure, and the airflow speed.The research results showed that the triangle rod could decrease the drag of the main cylinder. The Coefficient drag for the cylinder without the triangle rod was 0, 1276 while the variation of barrier in the vertical direction obtained the biggest decrease of the coefficient of the drag with the triangle rod happened at position y = 0, which was 0, 0186. The magnitude of the drag reduction in this position was 85, 45% compared without barrier.

scholarly journals Economic analysis of an automated lighting system with presence sensor at a state school in the city of Manacapuru-AM

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 885-897
Author(s):  
Luiza Yanka Trindade Ribeiro ◽  
Livia Da Silva Oliveira ◽  
David Barbosa de Alencar ◽  
Ricardo Silva Parente
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Issue ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
State School ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Public Servant ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
The City

This work addresses the consumption of electricity in a state school in the interior of Amazonas, highlighting the importance of the search for available technologies to reduce energy consumption. In this context, the main objective of this study is to demonstrate the energy costs in the lighting system of a state school in the city of Manacapuru, and also to analyze economically the feasibility of an automated lighting system with presence sensor in classrooms. Since, the lighting of the classrooms is manual and depends exclusively on the need for a public servant to turn on and off the switches, thus, the energy consumption of the luminaires and the time in which the exacerbated consumption occurs directly affects the energy bills of the place. In the development of research, it was found that the use of presence sensors would result in both financial savings and an environmental issue. The results showed that it is possible to have a saving of 31.43% in the value of energy compared to the value currently paid. Therefore, the amount of the investment that costs R$ 1.998,00 would be paid in two and a half months. This way, it would contribute to the useful life of the lamps and thus avoid their early disposal, thus avoiding an environmental impact because the replacement and disposal of these materials are usually very harmful to the environment.

scholarly journals The waste energy recovery, an energy-efficient solution for the industrial sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06063
Author(s):  
Adriana Tokar ◽  
Dan Negoiţescu ◽  
Marius Adam ◽  
Dănuț Tokar ◽  
Arina Negoiţescu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Optimal Recovery ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Energy Consumption Reduction ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Waste Energy ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

One of the world’s topical issues is the necessity of energy consumption reduction in order to conserve less and less natural resources and protect the environment. The article deals with the need to develop the waste energy recovery solutions that reduce energy consumption among the industrial consumers. In order to identify the sources with recoverable potential and establish energy recovery solutions, thermography of the hot air and hot gas exhaust circuits from industrial technological facilities were performed, followed by monitoring the operation parameters and measuring the energy consumption. The energy consumption reduction is analyzed by comparative interpretations of the hourly consumption, before and after applying the optimal recovery solution. The analysis of the results revealed that the waste energy recovery during the technological facilities operation has, besides the economic benefit, also other positive energetic effects, technical and not at least ecological ones.

Reducing Energy Costs With Electric, Diesel and Dual-Powered Locomotives

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janis Vitins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
Driving Style ◽  
Mixed Network ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

Typically, the costs for traction energy add up to 20% or more of the total train operating costs with electric locomotives in Europe. Therefore, there is a high incentive for the railroads to reduce energy consumption and thus to improve operating margins. Additionally, rising costs for energy as well as environmental aspects will increase the need to reduce energy consumption in the future. Firstly, on electric locomotives the largest energy savings are obtained from power regeneration at braking. In this mode the locomotive acts as a moving power generator feeding energy back into the catenary network. Savings are typically in the range of 10 to 30%. Secondly, the driving style has a high impact on energy costs. Energy consumption can be lowered by more than 20% through an energy conscious driving style compared to aggressive driving. Thirdly, the energy efficiency of the whole traction chain is important. Electric locomotives designed for AC catenaries have an overall energy efficiency of up to 86%. Locomotives designed for 1.5 or 3 kV DC catenaries can have an overall energy efficiency of up to 90%. New technologies can potentially help to increase the power efficiencies even further. Apart from using efficient diesel engines, the fuel costs of diesel-electric locomotives can be reduced much in the same way as with electric locomotives. Regeneration of braking power on diesel-electric locomotives is, however, limited to feeding the auxiliaries and head end power (HEP) to passenger coaches. In Europe the energy costs per hauled ton-km are typically much lower with electric than with diesel traction. This gives dual-powered locomotives the advantage of overall lower energy costs for operation on both electrified and non-electrified networks. First estimates show that the total energy costs (diesel and electric operation) can be reduced by more than 35% in a mixed network with 80% electrification with a dual-powered locomotive compared to a diesel locomotive running the same train on the same route. In addition, the dual-powered locomotive provides major cost savings and increased quality of service with a one seat ride.

Naval Energy Management System

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Laurențiu Bogdan Asalomia ◽  
Gheorghe Samoilescu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Integrated Navigation ◽  
Integrated Navigation System ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
Green Ship

AbstractThe paper analyses the role of control and monitoring of electro-energetic equipment in order to reduce operational costs, increase profits and reduce carbon emissions. The role of SCADA and EcoStruxure Power systems is presented and analysed taking into account the energy consumption and its savings. The paper presents practical and modern solutions to reduce energy consumption by up to 53%, mass by up to 47% and increase the life of the equipment by adjusting the electrical parameters. The Integrated Navigation System has allowed an automatic control and an efficient management. For ships, the implementation of an energy efficiency design index and new technologies was required for the GREEN SHIP project.

Energy Consumption Pattern of Residential Buildings: Case Study of Residential Area in Batu Pahat, Johor

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaidah Jailani ◽  
◽  
Norsyalifa Mohamad ◽  
Muhammad Amirul Omar ◽  
Hauashdh Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Waste Energy ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Energy Consumption Pattern

According to the National Energy Balance report released by the Energy Commission of Malaysia in 2016, the residential sector uses 21.6% of the total energy in Malaysia. Residents waste energy through inefficient energy consumption and a lack of awareness. Building occupants are considered the main factor that influences energy consumption in buildings, and to change energy consumption on an overall scale, it is crucial to change individual behaviour. Therefore, this study focused on analysing the energy consumption pattern and the behaviour of consumers towards energy consumption in their homes in the residential area of Batu Pahat, Johor. A self-administrated questionnaire approach was employed in this study. The findings of this study showed that the excessive use of air conditioners was a significant factor in the increasing electricity bills of homeowners as well as the inefficient use of electrical appliances. Also, this study determined the effect of awareness on consumer behaviour. This study recommends ways to help minimise energy consumption in the residential area.

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