Theoretical Development of a Modified RANSAC Algorithm for Identifying Outliers in Road Surface Data

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savio J. Pereira ◽  
Craig T. Altmann ◽  
John B. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Road Surface ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Surface Measurement ◽  
Outlier Rejection ◽  
Rejection Algorithm ◽  
Surface Data ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ransac Algorithm

Modeling and simulation of vehicles can be improved by using actual road surface data acquired by Road Surface Measurement Systems. Due to inherent properties of the sensors used, the data acquired is often ridden with outliers. This work addresses the issue of identifying and removing outliers by extending the robust outlier rejection algorithm, Random Sampling and Consensus (RANSAC). Specifically, this work modifies the cost function utilized in RANSAC in such a way that it provides a smooth transition for the classification of points as inliers or outliers. The modified RANSAC algorithm is applied to neighborhoods of data points, which are defined as subsets of points that are close to each other based on a distance metric. Based on the outcome of the modified RANSAC algorithm in each neighborhood, a novel measure for determining the likelihood of a point being an outlier, defined in this work as its exogeny, is developed. The algorithm is tested on a simulated road surface dataset. In the future this novel algorithm will also be tested on real-world road surface datasets to evaluate its performance.

scholarly journals Smooth input preparation for quantum and quantum-inspired machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhikuan Zhao ◽  
Jack K. Fitzsimons ◽  
Patrick Rebentrost ◽  
Vedran Dunjko ◽  
Joseph F. Fitzsimons
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Quantum Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Smoothed Analysis ◽  
Machine Learning Applications ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Input Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Perturbation

AbstractMachine learning has recently emerged as a fruitful area for finding potential quantum computational advantage. Many of the quantum-enhanced machine learning algorithms critically hinge upon the ability to efficiently produce states proportional to high-dimensional data points stored in a quantum accessible memory. Even given query access to exponentially many entries stored in a database, the construction of which is considered a one-off overhead, it has been argued that the cost of preparing such amplitude-encoded states may offset any exponential quantum advantage. Here we prove using smoothed analysis that if the data analysis algorithm is robust against small entry-wise input perturbation, state preparation can always be achieved with constant queries. This criterion is typically satisfied in realistic machine learning applications, where input data is subjective to moderate noise. Our results are equally applicable to the recent seminal progress in quantum-inspired algorithms, where specially constructed databases suffice for polylogarithmic classical algorithm in low-rank cases. The consequence of our finding is that for the purpose of practical machine learning, polylogarithmic processing time is possible under a general and flexible input model with quantum algorithms or quantum-inspired classical algorithms in the low-rank cases.

Study on the symmetrical laser displacement sensor for the road surface measurement

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxun Song ◽  
Ronggui Ma ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Hui Ding ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Road Surface ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Surface Measurement ◽  
Laser Displacement Sensor ◽  
The Road

An enhanced spatial statistical method for continuous monitoring of winter road surface conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1154-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Gu ◽  
Mingjian Wu ◽  
Tae J. Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
Modified Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Kriging Estimation

To facilitate more efficient winter maintenance decision support, road weather information systems (RWIS) have been widely used by highway agencies. However, the cost of RWIS stations is high, and they have limited monitoring coverage. To address this challenge, this paper presents an innovative framework that applies regression kriging to integrate stationary and mobile RWIS data to improve the accuracy of road surface temperature (RST) estimation. Furthermore, an optimal RWIS network expansion strategy is introduced by incorporating a modified particle swarm optimization method with the objective of minimizing spatially averaged kriging estimation errors. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to investigate the influence of station densities on model performance. The case study from Alberta, Canada, demonstrates the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method. The findings provide insights for continuous monitoring and visualization of both road weather and surface conditions and for optimizing RWIS network planning.

Analysis on the Convection of Highway in Permafrost Regions

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 1644-1647
Author(s):  
Xiao Yu Sun ◽  
Zhen Qing Wang ◽  
Hong Tao Xing ◽  
Yong Heng Tong
Keyword(s):  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Percent Time ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Percent Time Spent Following ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Permafrost Regions ◽  
Key Parameter

The purpose of this study was to evaluate flow characteristics on two-lane rural highways and to develop criteria for highway widening The study is conducted on two tracks: theoretical development of delay models and use of a simulation model to estimate the effect of certain parameters on delay and percent-time-spent-following. Models of delay are presented, as are the regions in which the traffic is stable or unstable. It was also possible from the simulation to obtain the percent-time-spent-following, which is a key parameter in determining level-of-service on two-lane highways.The accrued delay over the usable life of a two-lane highway pavement, assumed to be 20 years, was discounted to present monetary value This was then compared to four typical construction costs for different terrain types. The threshold average daily traffic volumes were determined at the points where the present value of the accumulated delay was equal to the cost of constructing two more lanes. These threshold values can be used as criteria for widening a two-lane highway and converting it into a four-lane facility. Additional criteria, based on percent-time-spent-following, are also presented.

Experiment with Reduced Salting of Rural Main Roads in Finland

1996 ◽  
Vol 1533 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Veli-Pekka Kallberg
Keyword(s):  
Road Surface ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

An experiment was conducted in the road district of Kuopio in the winters of 1992–1993 and 1993–1994 in which the use of salt in winter maintenance on rural main roads was reduced to 1 to 2 T/road kilometer from the approximately 10 T of salt that typically had been used per road kilometer in similar conditions in recent years. On the experimental roads, salting was replaced by sanding. The cost of winter maintenance on the experimental roads increased by 20 percent on average, and the increase was higher on roads with higher traffic volumes. Slippery conditions due to ice and snow on the road surface were twice as frequent (30 to 40 percent of the time) on the experimental roads as on the control roads in the neighboring road district. There were 27 injury accidents on the experimental roads in the first winter and 25 in the second. This was about the same as the average of the five previous winters. Because the accident trend on other roads in the same time was decreasing, it was concluded that the experiment increased the number of injury accidents by approximately 20 percent on most experimental road sections. Reduced salting decreased the sodium and chloride concentrations in the needles of roadside pine trees. There were also indications of decreased sodium and chloride concentrations in groundwater. Three quarters of the population in the area was pleased with the experiment.

THE ISSUE OF VALUE IN ECONOMICS: PRACTICAL CONSEQUENCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Dmitry Egorov ◽  
Yulia Michaylova ◽  
Yuriy Dyatlov ◽  
Oksana Makarkina ◽  
Natalia Kolesnikova
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Neoclassical Economics ◽  
Price Vector ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
The Cost

Value is a standard of the cost, a certain common quality, which makes it possible to compare costs of quite different things. This construct probably cannot be operationalized generically, but in the development of theory operationalization is not imperative. Although neoclassical economics rejects this category ultimately, it is possible to demonstrate that this approach can be well adjusted to it. The issue of value is not merely a theoretical one. The purpose of the work is to show that if a feedback through the market must have an objective basis as an initial standard, that is money must have a benchmark, then the correct choice of a monetary benchmark can result in significant positive macro-economic consequences. Methods of research: scientific and philosophical analysis of texts and theoretical development. Conclusions: The idea that the feedback through the market must have an objective basis as an initial standard - that is money must have a benchmark – is not contradictory theoretically and its realization is desirable in practice. An energy monetary benchmark is probably preferable for a modern economy. The energy monetary benchmark can stabilize currency circulation potentially, optimize the price vector and simplify the valuation of mineral resources.

Research on the Data Segmentation Technique of Large Rapid Prototyping Sample Based on Features

2012 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 551-554
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Wei Fan
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
New Product ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Segmentation Technique ◽  
Data Segmentation ◽  
Surface Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Small Parts

Because of the small workbench molding size of rapid prototyping equipment, the processing of large rapid prototyping samples is a problem during the new product development process, for example, motorcycle covering. The relative merits of accuracy engraving technique and rapid prototyping technique during processing are discussed. The method combining accuracy engraving machine and rapid prototyping machine to processing new motorcycle cover samples is proposed. And the surface data segmentation technique based on features is adopt to divide the large rapid prototyping sample reasonably, and then the small parts are collaged after respectively processing, so the problem of large rapid prototyping sample cannot once molding is solved, the speed of new product development is accelerated, the cost of new product development is decreased, the rapid manufacturing is realized. This method has been applied to the processing of new motorcycle cover samples and the application method is expounded.

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