Automated Modeling and Mode Screening for Exhaustive Search of Double-Planetary-Gear Power Split Hybrid Powertrains

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowu Zhang ◽  
Huei Peng ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Shengbo Li
Keyword(s):  
Planetary Gear ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Automated Modeling ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Hybrid Powertrains ◽  
Power Split ◽  
Model Year ◽  
Operation Flexibility

Double Planetary Gear (PG) power-split hybrid powertrains have been used in production vehicles from Toyota and General Motors. Some of the designs use clutches to achieve multiple operating modes to improve powertrain operation flexibility and efficiency at the expense of higher complexity. In this paper, an automatic modeling and screening process is developed, which enables exhaustively search through all designs with different configurations, clutch locations and operating modes. A case study was conducted based on the configuration used in the model year 2010 Prius and Camry hybrids. It was found that by adding clutches, fuel economy can be improved significantly for plug-in hybrid (charge depletion) operations.

Efficient Exhaustive Search of Power-Split Hybrid Powertrains With Multiple Planetary Gears and Clutches

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowu Zhang ◽  
Shengbo Eben Li ◽  
Huei Peng ◽  
Jing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Optimal Designs ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Automated Modeling ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Hybrid Powertrains ◽  
Power Split ◽  
And Control

Planetary gear (PG) power-split hybrid powertrains have been used in producing hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles from the Toyota, General Motor, and Ford for years. Some of the most recent designs use clutches to enable multiple operating modes to improve launching performance and/or fuel economy. Adding clutches and multiple operating modes, however, also increases production cost and design complexity. To enable an exhaustive but fast search for optimal designs among a large number of hardware configurations, clutch locations, and mode selections, an automated modeling and screening process is developed in this paper. Combining this process with the power-weighted efficiency analysis for rapid sizing method (PEARS), an optimal and computationally efficient energy management strategy, the extremely large design space of configuration, component sizing, and control becomes feasible to search through. This methodology to identify optimal designs has yet to be reported in the literature. A case study to evaluate the proposed methodology uses the configuration adopted in the Toyota Hybrid Synergy (THS-II) system used in the Prius model year 2010 and the Hybrid Camry. Two designs are investigated to compare with the simulated Prius design: one uses all possible operating modes; and the other uses a suboptimal design that limits the number of clutches to three.

Rapid Optimization of Multiple-Planetary-Gear Power-Split Hybrid Powertrains

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weichao Zhuang ◽  
Xiaowu Zhang ◽  
Huei Peng ◽  
Liangmo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Design Space ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Exhaustive Search ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Hybrid Powertrains ◽  
Power Split ◽  
Computationally Intensive

In recent years, clutches have been used to create multi-mode power-split hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Designing an HEV for optimal performance is computationally intensive because of the enormous design space. For single planetary gear (PG) or a double-PG hybrid powertrains, the design with the best fuel economy and launching performance can be identified through exhaustive search. Exhaustive search for a hybrid powertrain with 3PGs is computationally expensive, because of the astronomical number of design candidates. To address the design problem with extremely large design space, a rapid structure optimization method is proposed, which is based on combining different operating modes. A case study compares several different schemes against the results of the exhaustive search. The results show that the proposed mode combination method can identify almost 90% of the best designs. The proposed method shows great potential when applied to hybrid systems with three or more PGs.

scholarly journals Configuration optimization for improving fuel efficiency of power split hybrid powertrains with a single planetary gear

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanxin Pei ◽  
Xiaosong Hu ◽  
Yalian Yang ◽  
Xiaolin Tang ◽  
Cong Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Configuration Optimization ◽  
Hybrid Powertrains ◽  
Power Split

scholarly journals Optimal design of three-planetary-gear power-split hybrid powertrains

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Zhuang ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
D. Zhao ◽  
H. Peng ◽  
L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Hybrid Powertrains ◽  
Power Split

scholarly journals Optimization of Energy-Efficient Speed Profile for Electrified Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Abbas ◽  
Youngki Kim ◽  
Jason B. Siegel ◽  
Denise M. Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
System A ◽  
Trip Time ◽  
Route Information

This paper presents a study of energy-efficient operation of vehicles with electrified powertrains leveraging route information, such as road grades, to adjust the speed trajectory. First, Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle (PMP) is applied to derive necessary conditions and to determine the possible operating modes. The analysis shows that only 5 modes are required to achieve minimum energy consumption; full propulsion, cruising, coasting, full regeneration, and full regeneration with conventional braking. The minimum energy consumption problem is reformulated and solved in the distance domain using Dynamic Programming to optimize speed profiles. A case study is shown for a light weight military robot including road grades. For this system, a tradeoff between energy consumption and trip time was found. The optimal cycle uses 20% less energy for the same trip duration, or could reduce the travel time by 14% with the same energy consumption compared to the baseline operation.

A Novel Three-Planetary-Gear Power-Split Hybrid Powertrain for Tracked Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaobo Qin ◽  
Yugong Luo ◽  
Zhong Cao ◽  
Keqiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Tracked Vehicles ◽  
Power Split

How General Motors progressively evolved its business model over three decades

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Communication Service ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vehicle Communication ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Revenue Streams ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings This case study concentrates on General Motors (GM) product and innovation trajectory over a period from 1990 spanning into a future where electric vehicles become mainstream. Reducing the number of models being manufactured and introducing service-based recurring revenue streams such as the “OnStar” in-vehicle communication service were among the crucial elements that allowed GM to survive against intensifying competition in their market. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives, strategists, and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis of Power-Split Gear Drives Considering Shaft Deformation and Assembly Errors

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siang-Yu Ye ◽  
Shyi-Jeng Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Load Sharing ◽  
Contact Analysis ◽  
Influence Coefficient ◽  
Tooth Contact Analysis ◽  
Tooth Contact ◽  
Power Split ◽  
Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis ◽  
Compact Design

The power-split gear mechanisms is widely applied in power transmission because of the advantages of compact design, lighter weight and high power density. The load sharing and the load distribution are the important performance issues while designing the power split mechanisms. The paper propose a computerized approach based on the influence coefficient method for loaded tooth contact analysis of such the gear transmission. Not only the load sharing of the multiple contact tooth pairs and the loaded transmission errors, but also the distributed contact stresses and the corresponding contact patterns on all the engaged tooth flanks can be calculated by using the proposed LTCA approach. Some analysis results are also discussed with a study case of the first planetary stage of a compound cycloid planetary gear drive.

Event Data Recorder Pre-Crash Data Sources for General Motors Vehicles

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Brake Application ◽  
Model Year

The Event Data Recorder (EDR) found in some 1994 model year and newer General Motors (GM) passenger vehicles has the ability to record up to five seconds of pre-crash data. Such as vehicle speed, engine speed, percent throttle application and brake application before a predetermined deceleration event as well as crash data such as delta-v’s. The pre-crash and crash data can be downloaded by properly equipped and trained personnel using the Vetronix Crash Data Retrieval (CDR) System. However, this data must not simply be taken at face value; the Accident Analyst must be aware of the nature of the differing types and sources of the data, and must ensure that the systems supplying the data was in a normal operating mode and not in a default mode or in a “limp home” mode due to pre existing problems. This paper discusses how different environments and scenarios that the vehicle can be operated in changes how the vehicle will respond to driver inputs thus effecting pre-crash data recorded by the Event Data Recorder.

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