Maximum Power Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Accounting for Thermal and Electrical Constraints

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngki Kim ◽  
Shankar Mohan ◽  
Jason B. Siegel ◽  
Anna G. Stefanopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Model Inversion ◽  
Dynamic Constraints ◽  
Time Scale Separation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperature Constraint ◽  
Power Capability

Enforcement of constraints on the maximum deliverable power is essential to protect lithium-ion batteries from over-charge/discharge and overheating. This paper develops an algorithm to address the often overlooked temperature constraint in determining the power capability of battery systems. A prior knowledge of power capability provides dynamic constraints on currents and affords an additional control authority on the temperature of batteries. Power capability is estimated using a lumped electro-thermal model for cylindrical cells that has been validated over a wide range of operating conditions. The time scale separation between electrical and thermal systems is exploited in addressing the temperature constraint independent of voltage and state-of-charge (SOC) limits. Limiting currents and hence power capability are determined by a model-inversion technique, termed Algebraic Propagation (AP). Simulations are performed using realistic depleting currents to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Experimental and numerical analysis to identify the performance limiting mechanisms in solid-state lithium cells under pulse operating conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (41) ◽  
pp. 22740-22755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Chin Pang ◽  
Yucang Hao ◽  
Monica Marinescu ◽  
Huizhi Wang ◽  
Mu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Lithium Cells

Solid-state lithium batteries could reduce the safety concern due to thermal runaway while improving the gravimetric and volumetric energy density beyond the existing practical limits of lithium-ion batteries.

scholarly journals A Sustainable Process for the Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries by Deep Eutectic Solvents Leaching

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Lourdes Yurramendi ◽  
Jokin Hidalgo ◽  
Amal Siriwardana
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Additive Type ◽  
Valuable Metals

The feasibility of using low-environmental-impact leaching media to recover valuable metals from lithium ion batteries (LIBs) has been evaluated. Several deep eutectic solvents (DES) were tested as leaching agents in the presence of different type of additives (i.e., H2O2). The optimization of Co recovery was carried out by investigating various operating conditions, such as reaction time, temperature, solid (black mass) to liquid (DES) ratio, additive type, and concentration. Leaching with final selected DES choline chloride (33%), lactic acid (53%), and citric acid (13%) at 55 °C achieved an extraction yield of more than 95% for the cobalt. The leaching mechanism likely begins with the dissolution of the active material in the black mass (BM) followed by chelation of Co(II) with the DES. The results obtained confirm that those leaching media are an eco-friendly alternative to the strong inorganic acids used nowadays.

scholarly journals A Path Planning Strategy with Ant Colony Algorithm for Series Connected Batteries

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1816
Author(s):  
Yang Chen ◽  
Teng Shen ◽  
Shiyan Yang ◽  
Xiaofang Liu ◽  
Ru Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Ant Colony Algorithm ◽  
Graph Model ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Battery Cells

This article presents a path planning strategy with ant colony algorithm for series connected batteries. The motive of this paper is the increasing need for efficient and fast equalization for Lithium-ion batteries. There are many great papers on the design of the equalization circuits. However, they lack the part of path planning strategy for the balancing circuits. To solve this issue, we adopt the graph model to represent the balancing paths among different battery cells and then construct two optimal models based on the best efficiency and speed, respectively. Finally, ant colony algorithm is used to solve these two models. This makes it possible to achieve different goals according to the practical operating conditions. We validate the function of the proposed path planning strategy through an example of 13 series connected battery balancing system.

scholarly journals Effect of mixed anions on the transport properties and performance of an ionic liquid-based electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 1361-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Chaudoy ◽  
Johan Jacquemin ◽  
François Tran-Van ◽  
Michaël Deschamps ◽  
Fouad Ghamouss
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Lithium Salt ◽  
Nuclear Overhauser Effect ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract In this work, the physical, transport and electrochemical properties of various electrolytic solutions containing the 1-propyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis[fluorosulfonyl]imide ([C3C1pyr][FSI]) mixed with the lithium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (Li[TFSI]) over a wide range of compositions are reported as a function of temperature at atmospheric pressure. First, the ionicity, lithium transference number, and transport properties (viscosity and conductivity) as well as the volumetric properties (density and molar volume) were determined as a function of lithium salt concentration from 293 to 343 K. Second, the self-diffusion coefficient of each ion in solution was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with pulsed field gradients (PFG). Moreover, an analysis of the collected nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) data along with ab initio and COSMO-RS calculations was conducted to depict intra and intermolecular neighbouring within the electrolytic mixtures. Based on this analysis, and as expected, all activation energies increase with the Li[TFSI] concentration in solution, and all activation energies were determined from the self-diffusion data for all ions. Interestingly, regardless of the composition in solution, these activation energies were similar, except for those determined for the [FSI]− anion. The activation energy of [FSI]− self-diffusion relatively decreases compared to the other ions as the lithium salt concentration increases. Furthermore, the lithium transference was strongly affected by the lithium salt concentration, reaching an optimal value and an ionicity of approximately 50 % at a molality close to 0.75 mol · kg−1. Finally, these electrolytes were used in lithium-ion batteries (i.e. Li/NMC and LTO/NMC), demonstrating a clear relationship between the electrolyte formulation, its transport parameters and battery performance.

scholarly journals Accurate Real Time On-Line Estimation of State-of-Health and Remaining Useful Life of Li ion Batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7836
Author(s):  
Cher Ming Tan ◽  
Preetpal Singh ◽  
Che Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
On Line ◽  
Useful Life

Inaccurate state-of-health (SoH) estimation of battery can lead to over-discharge as the actual depth of discharge will be deeper, or a more-than-necessary number of charges as the calculated SoC will be underestimated, depending on whether the inaccuracy in the maximum stored charge is over or under estimated. Both can lead to increased degradation of a battery. Inaccurate SoH can also lead to the continuous use of battery below 80% actual SoH that could lead to catastrophic failures. Therefore, an accurate and rapid on-line SoH estimation method for lithium ion batteries, under different operating conditions such as varying ambient temperatures and discharge rates, is important. This work develops a method for this purpose, and the method combines the electrochemistry-based electrical model and semi-empirical capacity fading model on a discharge curve of a lithium-ion battery for the estimation of its maximum stored charge capacity, and thus its state of health. The method developed produces a close form that relates SoH with the number of charge-discharge cycles as well as operating temperatures and currents, and its inverse application allows us to estimate the remaining useful life of lithium ion batteries (LiB) for a given SoH threshold level. The estimation time is less than 5 s as the combined model is a closed-form model, and hence it is suitable for real time and on-line applications.

Estimating power capability of aged lithium-ion batteries in presence of communication delays

2018 ◽  
Vol 383 ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Fridholm ◽  
Torsten Wik ◽  
Hannes Kuusisto ◽  
Anton Klintberg
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Communication Delays ◽  
Power Capability

scholarly journals Online SoC Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a New Sigma Points Kalman Filter

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11797
Author(s):  
Dongdong Ge ◽  
Zhendong Zhang ◽  
Xiangdong Kong ◽  
Zhiping Wan
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Unscented Kalman Filter ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Recursive Least Squares ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Soc Estimation

The accurate state of charge (SoC) online estimation for lithium-ion batteries is a primary concern for predicting the remaining range in electric vehicles. The Sigma points Kalman Filter is an emerging SoC filtering technology. Firstly, the charge and discharge tests of the battery were carried out using the interval static method to obtain the accurate calibration of the SoC-OCV (open circuit voltage) relationship curve. Secondly, the recursive least squares method (RLS) was combined with the dynamic stress test (DST) to identify the parameters of the second-order equivalent circuit model (ECM) and establish a non-linear state-space model of the lithium-ion battery. Thirdly, based on proportional correction sampling and symmetric sampling Sigma points, an SoC estimation method combining unscented transformation and Stirling interpolation center difference was designed. Finally, a semi-physical simulation platform was built. The Federal Urban Driving Schedule and US06 Highway Driving Schedule operating conditions were used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method in the presence of initial SoC errors and compare with the EKF (extended Kalman filter), UKF (unscented Kalman filter) and CDKF (central difference Kalman filter) algorithms. The results showed that the new algorithm could ensure an SoC error within 2% under the two working conditions and quickly converge to the reference value when the initial SoC value was inaccurate, effectively improving the initial error correction ability.

scholarly journals Controlling the Lithium Intercalation Voltage in the Li(Mn1-xNix)2O4 Spinel via Tuning of the Ni Concentration: a Density Functional Theory Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemeridge T. Malatji ◽  
David Santos-Carballal ◽  
Umberto Terranova ◽  
Phuti E. Ngoepe ◽  
Nora H. de Leeuw
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Cathode Material ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Intercalation ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Teller Distortion ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT LiMn2O4 spinel is a promising cathode material for secondary lithium-ion batteries. Despite showing a high average voltage of lithium intercalation, the material is structurally unstable, undergoing lowering of the crystal symmetry due to Jahn-Teller distortion of the six-fold Mn3+ cations. Although Ni has been proposed as a suitable substitutional dopant to improve the structural stability of LiMn2O4 and enhance the average lithium intercalation voltage, the thermodynamics of the Ni incorporation and its effect on the electrochemical properties of this spinel material are not yet known. In this work, we have employed density functional theory calculations with a Hubbard Hamiltonian (DFT+u) to investigate the thermodynamics of cation mixing in the Li(Mn1_xNix)2O4 solid solution. Our results suggest LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 is the most stable composition from room temperature up to at least 1000 K, in agreement with experiments. We also found that the configurational entropy is much lower than the maximum entropy at 1000 K, indicating that higher temperatures are required to reach a fully disordered solid solution. A maximum average lithium intercalation voltage of 4.8 eV was calculated for the LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 composition, which is very close to the experimental value. The temperature was found to have a negligible effect on the Li intercalation voltage of the most stable composition. The findings reported here support the application of LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 as a suitable cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, with a highly stable voltage of intercalation under a wide range of temperatures. Keywords: Spinel, equilibrium concentration, mixing thermodynamics, solid-state chemistry and lithium voltage of intercalation.

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