Integrated Powertrain Control to Meet Low CO2 Emissions for a Hybrid Distribution Truck With SCR-DeNOx System

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Willems ◽  
Stefan Spronkmans ◽  
John Kessels
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Scr Catalyst ◽  
Powertrain Control ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Catalyst Temperature ◽  
Hybrid Distribution ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

This article presents a cost-based optimization strategy that explicitly deals with the requirements for fuel consumption and emissions. Based on the Integrated Powertrain Control (IPC) approach, the overall powertrain performance is optimized by integrated energy and emission management. The potential of this strategy is demonstrated for a parallel hybrid diesel truck with a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) de-NOx system. New results are presented for a challenging city cycle; although the average power demand is low, IPC is able to keep the SCR catalyst temperature relatively high. With this IPC approach, the CO2-NOx trade-off is optimized in a systematic way. It is demonstrated that CO2 emissions and related operating costs are reduced by 3.5% or 24.9% NOx emission reduction is achieved, depending on the applied IPC calibration.

scholarly journals Catalyst Ammonia Storage Measurements Using Radio Frequency Sensing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Aguilar ◽  
Leslie Bromberg ◽  
Alexander Sappok ◽  
Paul Ragaller ◽  
Jean Atehortua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Cavity Resonator ◽  
Wide Frequency Range ◽  
Scr Catalyst ◽  
Ammonia Storage ◽  
Catalyst Temperature ◽  
Rf Antenna ◽  
Rf Signal

Motivated by increasingly strict NOx limits, engine manufactures have adopted selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology to reduce engine-out NOx below mandated levels. In the SCR process, nitrogen oxides (NOx) react with ammonia (NH3) to form nitrogen and water vapor. The reaction is influenced by several variables, including stored ammonia on the catalyst, exhaust gas composition, and catalyst temperature. Currently, measurements from NOx and/or NH3 sensors upstream and downstream of the SCR are used with predictive models to estimate ammonia storage levels on the catalyst and control urea dosing. This study investigated a radio frequency (RF) -based method to directly monitor the ammonia storage state of the SCR catalyst. This approach utilizes the SCR catalyst as a cavity resonator, in which an RF antenna excites electromagnetic waves within the cavity to monitor changes in the catalyst state. A mmonia storage causes changes in the dielectric properties of the catalyst, which directly impacts the RF signal. Changes in the RF signal relative to stored a mmonia (NH3) were evaluated over a wide frequency range as well as temperature and exhaust conditions. The RF response to NH3 storage, desorption, and oxidation on the SCR was observed to be well-correlated with changes in the catalyst state. Calibrated RF measurements demonstrate the ability to monitor the adsorption state of the SCR to within 10 % of the sensor full scale. The results indicate direct measurement of SCR ammonia storage levels, and resulting catalyst feedback control, via RF sensing to have significant potential for optimizing the SCR system to improve NOx conversion and decrease urea consumption.

scholarly journals Sustainability Investigation of Vehicles’ CO2 Emission in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8237
Author(s):  
István Árpád ◽  
Judit T. Kiss ◽  
Gábor Bellér ◽  
Dénes Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Low Co2

The regulation of vehicular CO2 emissions determines the permissible emissions of vehicles in units of g CO2/km. However, these values only partially provide adequate information because they characterize only the vehicle but not the emission of the associated energy supply technology system. The energy needed for the motion of vehicles is generated in several ways by the energy industry, depending on how the vehicles are driven. These methods of energy generation consist of different series of energy source conversions, where the last technological step is the vehicle itself, and the result is the motion. In addition, sustainability characterization of vehicles cannot be determined by the vehicle’s CO2 emissions alone because it is a more complex notion. The new approach investigates the entire energy technology system associated with the generation of motion, which of course includes the vehicle. The total CO2 emissions and the resulting energy efficiency have been determined. For this, it was necessary to systematize (collect) the energy supply technology lines of the vehicles. The emission results are not given in g CO2/km but in g CO2/J, which is defined in the paper. This new method is complementary to the European Union regulative one, but it allows more complex evaluations of sustainability. The calculations were performed based on Hungarian data. Finally, using the resulting energy efficiency values, the emission results were evaluated by constructing a sustainability matrix similar to the risk matrix. If only the vehicle is investigated, low CO2 emissions can be achieved with vehicles using internal combustion engines. However, taking into consideration present technologies, in terms of sustainability, the spread of electric-only vehicles using renewable energies can result in improvement in the future. This proposal was supported by the combined analysis of the energy-specific CO2 emissions and the energy efficiency of vehicles with different power-driven systems.

Heterogeneous Mercury Reaction on a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Catalyst

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujin Eom ◽  
Seok Ho Jeon ◽  
Thanh An Ngo ◽  
Jinsoo Kim ◽  
Tai Gyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Scr Catalyst

Supercritical water oxidation of coal in power plants with low CO2 emissions

Energy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2144-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Donatini ◽  
Gianluca Gigliucci ◽  
Juri Riccardi ◽  
Massimo Schiavetti ◽  
Roberto Gabbrielli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Supercritical Water Oxidation ◽  
Low Co2

Modeling of a Urea SCR Catalyst With Automotive Applications

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devesh Upadhyay ◽  
Michiel Van Nieuwstadt
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Scr Catalyst ◽  
Weighted Residuals ◽  
Method Of Weighted Residuals ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
1D Model ◽  
Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Three State Model

A zero order lumped parameter control oriented model of a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst is presented. The lumped parameter model is developed using two approaches. in the first approach it was assumed that the catalyst behaves as an Isothermal Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (ICSTR). The second approach involved deriving the lumped parameter model from a 1D model using the method of weighted residuals. Both approaches led to a three state model, with the gas phase concentrations of NOx and NH3 and the surface coverage fraction as the states. The model depends on chemical properties specific to the SCR catalyst; consequently model validation requires knowledge of these parameters, either via laboratory-based experiments or as supplied by the catalyst supplier. We present an alternate approach that allows estimation of the essential parameters through a minimization of the l2 errors between measured and simulated results.

scholarly journals Reduction of NOx Emission of a Diesel Engine with a Multiple Injection Pump by SCR Catalytic Converter

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1205-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vít Marek ◽  
Lukáš Tunka ◽  
Adam Polcar ◽  
Dušan Slimařík
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Multiple Injection ◽  
Scr Catalyst ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Injection Pump ◽  
Reduction Of Nox

This paper deals with reduction of NOx-emission of a diesel engine with multiple injection pump by SCR catalytic converter. Main aim of the measurement was the detection of SCR catalyst converter efficiency. Tests were realized at the Research and Development workplace of Zetor Tractor a.s. Used engine was equipped with a multiple injection pump with electromagnetic regulator of a fuel charge. During the experiment selective catalytic reduction and diesel particulate filter were used as an after treatment of harmful pollutants reduction. Testing cycle of the eight-point test was chosen and Non-Road Steady Cycle (NRSC) was maintained according to 97/68/EC directive. Results confirmed the dependencies between temperatures of SCR catalyst and exhaust gases and the volume of exhaust gases on efficiency of SCR catalyst. During the operation load of the engine, selective catalytic reduction reached efficiency over 90 %. Used after treatment system is suitable for reduction of harmful pollutants according to the Tier 4f norm.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in the Recycling of Spent Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst in South Korea

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Hyeok Choi ◽  
Yeon-Chul Cho ◽  
Gyeonghye Moon ◽  
Hee-Nam Kang ◽  
YoungBok Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Scr Catalyst ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Process Scale Up ◽  
Commercial Process

Spent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst installed in power and incineration plants is used to convert nitrogen oxide (NOx) gas to nitrogen (N2) gas. Currently, most spent SCR catalyst in South Korea is eventually discarded in landfills. Recently, a novel and efficient recycling process has been developed to recover tungsten (W), vanadium (V) and titanium (Ti) from spent SCR catalyst. In this process, after soda-melting reactions between the spent SCR catalyst and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) at 1273 K, hydrometallurgical treatments were carried out for the production of high-purity products, such as 99.3% sodium tungstate (Na2WO4), 99.3% vanadium oxide (V2O5) and 99.6% titanium dioxide (TiO2). On the basis of the fundamental investigation of this novel recycling process, process scale-up has been attempted to establish a commercial process. In this paper, recent developments in the recycling process for spent SCR catalyst and the results obtained using the scaled-up process will be discussed. Therefore, this study will provide a practical method for the recovery of W, V and Ti from spent SCR catalyst.

scholarly journals The Effect of Tourmaline on SCR Denitrification Activity of MnOx/TiO2 at Low Temperature

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1020
Author(s):  
Yizhe Helian ◽  
Suping Cui ◽  
Xiaoyu Ma
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Scr Catalyst ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Nh3 Scr ◽  
Catalytic Material ◽  
Acidic Sites ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
The Stability

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology is the most widely used flue gas denitration technology at present. The stability of a catalyst is the main factor limiting the development of this technology. In this study, an environmentally friendly and highly efficient NH3-SCR catalyst was prepared by coprecipitation method from acidolysis residue of industrial waste and tourmaline. We found that the addition of tourmaline has an important impact on the denitration activity of the catalytic material. The NOx conversion exceeded 97% at 200 °C with the dosage of 10% tourmaline, which is about 7% higher than that without doping. The improvement of catalytic performance was mostly attributed to the permanent electrodes of tourmaline, which effectively promotes the dispersion of MnOx/TiO2 catalytic materials, increases the number of acidic sites and changes the valence distribution of manganese ions in products, which speeds up the diffusion of protons and ions, resulting in the acceleration of redox reaction. These as-developed tourmaline-modified MnOx/TiO2 materials have been demonstrated to be promising as a new type of highly efficient low-temperature NH3-SCR catalyst.

scholarly journals Promotional effect of niobium substitution on the low-temperature activity of a WO3/CeZrOxmonolithic catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOxwith NH3

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (75) ◽  
pp. 47570-47582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haidi Xu ◽  
Qingjin Lin ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Li Lan ◽  
Shuang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Scr Catalyst ◽  
Promotional Effect

Optimal WO3substituted by Nb2O5could obviously improve the low-temperature NH3-SCR activity of WO3/Ce0.68Zr0.32O2, and the Nb-substituted catalyst showed excellent SO2and H2O tolerance could be a promising candidate for NH3-SCR catalyst.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document