Modeling the Rapid Transmission of Information Within a Social Group of Insects: Emergent Patterns in the Antipredator Signals

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Borduin ◽  
Karthik Ramaswamy ◽  
Ashwin Mohan ◽  
Rex Cocroft ◽  
Satish S. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Predator Attack ◽  
Behavioral Rules ◽  
Umbonia Crassicornis ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
Available Information

The study of group behavior in animals emerging from social interactions among individuals using agent based models has gained momentum in recent years. Although most of the individuals in a group of the treehopper Umbonia crassicornis do not have information about where the predator is, the signaling behavior of the group yields an emergent pattern that provides the defending adult with information about predator presence and location. Offspring signal synchronously to warn a defending parent of a predator attack. We develop a computational model of rapid signaler-receiver interactions in this group-living insect. We test the emergence of informative global patterns by providing interacting juvenile nymphs with limited locally available information with this agent based model. Known parameters such as size of the aggregation and spatial distribution are estimated from experimental recordings. Further, the model investigates the behavioral rules underlying group signaling patterns that reveal the predator’s location. We also show how variation in these behavioral rules can bring about variation in group signals, demonstrating the potential for natural selection to shape these rules.

Social ethology of the wolverine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Copeland ◽  
Arild Landa ◽  
Kimberly Heinemeyer ◽  
Keith B. Aubry ◽  
Jiska van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Social System ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
Living Species

Social behaviour in solitary carnivores has long been an active area of investigation but for many species remains largely founded in conjecture compared to our understanding of sociality in group-living species. The social organization of the wolverine has, until now, received little attention beyond its portrayal as a typical mustelid social system. In this chapter the authors compile observations of social interactions from multiple wolverine field studies, which are integrated into an ecological framework. An ethological model for the wolverine is proposed that reveals an intricate social organization, which is driven by variable resource availability within extremely large territories and supports social behaviour that underpins offspring development.

epiTracker: A Framework for Highly Reliable Particle Tracking for the Quantitative Analysis of Fish Movements in Tanks

2020 ◽  
pp. 247263032097745
Author(s):  
Roman Bruch ◽  
Paul M. Scheikl ◽  
Ralf Mikut ◽  
Felix Loosli ◽  
Markus Reischl
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Particle Tracking ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Graphical User Interfaces ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Automated Tracking ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Track Analysis

Behavioral analysis of moving animals relies on a faithful recording and track analysis to extract relevant parameters of movement. To study group behavior and social interactions, often simultaneous analyses of individuals are required. To detect social interactions, for example to identify the leader of a group as opposed to followers, one needs an error-free segmentation of individual tracks throughout time. While automated tracking algorithms exist that are quick and easy to use, inevitable errors will occur during tracking. To solve this problem, we introduce a robust algorithm called epiTracker for segmentation and tracking of multiple animals in two-dimensional (2D) videos along with an easy-to-use correction method that allows one to obtain error-free segmentation. We have implemented two graphical user interfaces to allow user-friendly control of the functions. Using six labeled 2D datasets, the effort to obtain accurate labels is quantified and compared to alternative available software solutions. Both the labeled datasets and the software are publicly available.

scholarly journals MARKET STATISTICS OF A PSYCHOLOGY-BASED HETEROGENEOUS AGENT MODEL

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (07) ◽  
pp. 717-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARBIR LAMBA ◽  
TIM SEAMAN
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Agent ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Information Stream ◽  
Momentum Trading ◽  
Real Market ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Parameter Values

We continue an investigation into a class of agent-based market models that are motivated by a psychologically-plausible form of bounded rationality. Some of the agents in an otherwise efficient hypothetical market are endowed with differing tolerances to the tension caused by being in the minority. This herding tendency may be due to purely psychological effects, momentum-trading strategies, or the rational response to perverse marketplace incentives. The resulting model has the important properties of being both very simple and insensitive to its small number of fundamental parameters. While it is most certainly a caricature market, with only boundedly rational traders and the globally available information stream being modeled directly, other market participants and effects are indirectly replicated. We show that all of the most important "stylized facts" of real market statistics are reproduced by this model. Another useful aspect of the model is that, for certain parameter values, it reduces to a standard efficient-market system. This allows us to isolate and observe the effects of particular kinds of non-rationality. To this end, we consider the effects of different asymmetries in agent behavior and show that one in particular leads to skew statistics consistent with those seen in some real financial markets.

scholarly journals Discrete modes of social information processing predict individual behavior of fish in a group

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (38) ◽  
pp. 10149-10154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Harpaz ◽  
Gašper Tkačik ◽  
Elad Schneidman
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Information Processing ◽  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Individual Behavior ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Passive Mode

Individual computations and social interactions underlying collective behavior in groups of animals are of great ethological, behavioral, and theoretical interest. While complex individual behaviors have successfully been parsed into small dictionaries of stereotyped behavioral modes, studies of collective behavior largely ignored these findings; instead, their focus was on inferring single, mode-independent social interaction rules that reproduced macroscopic and often qualitative features of group behavior. Here, we bring these two approaches together to predict individual swimming patterns of adult zebrafish in a group. We show that fish alternate between an “active” mode, in which they are sensitive to the swimming patterns of conspecifics, and a “passive” mode, where they ignore them. Using a model that accounts for these two modes explicitly, we predict behaviors of individual fish with high accuracy, outperforming previous approaches that assumed a single continuous computation by individuals and simple metric or topological weighing of neighbors’ behavior. At the group level, switching between active and passive modes is uncorrelated among fish, but correlated directional swimming behavior still emerges. Our quantitative approach for studying complex, multimodal individual behavior jointly with emergent group behavior is readily extensible to additional behavioral modes and their neural correlates as well as to other species.

scholarly journals High-order social interactions in groups of mice

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yair Shemesh ◽  
Yehezkel Sztainberg ◽  
Oren Forkosh ◽  
Tamar Shlapobersky ◽  
Alon Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
High Order ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Minimal Models ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Collective Group

Social behavior in mammals is often studied in pairs under artificial conditions, yet groups may rely on more complicated social structures. Here, we use a novel system for tracking multiple animals in a rich environment to characterize the nature of group behavior and interactions, and show strongly correlated group behavior in mice. We have found that the minimal models that rely only on individual traits and pairwise correlations between animals are not enough to capture group behavior, but that models that include third-order interactions give a very accurate description of the group. These models allow us to infer social interaction maps for individual groups. Using this approach, we show that environmental complexity during adolescence affects the collective group behavior of adult mice, in particular altering the role of high-order structure. Our results provide new experimental and mathematical frameworks for studying group behavior and social interactions.

Mechanoreceptors, Photoreceptors and Rapid Conduction Pathways in the Leech, Hirudo Medicinalis

1969 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. LAVERACK
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Peripheral Stimulation ◽  
Conducting Pathway ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
The Right ◽  
Light Flashes

1. Mechanoreceptors in the body wall of the leech Hirudo are stimulated by deformation of the animal's surface. They respond at all frequencies of stimulation up to about 50-60 Hz. 2. Light flashes, from a microscope lamp or an electronic flash source, are also a potent means of peripheral stimulation. 3. After peripheral stimulation impulses can be recorded in a fast central pathway. This pathway conducts equally well in the posterior to anterior and in the opposite directions. 4. Interference with either the right or left connective linking any two segmental ganglia does not interrupt the rapid conduction of these impulses. 5. Severance of the median connective or Faivre's nerve interrupts conduction. This seems to implicate at least one, and possibly more, of the nerve fibres of this median connective in the rapid transmission of information from the extremities of the body. 6. A slower conducting pathway also exists in the nerve cord.

scholarly journals Proximity-based vocal networks reveal social relationships in the Southern white rhinoceros

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Jenikejew ◽  
Brenda Chaignon ◽  
Sabrina Linn ◽  
Marina Scheumann
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Group Living ◽  
White Rhinoceros ◽  
Southern White Rhinoceros ◽  
Social Associations ◽  
High Level

Abstract Vocal communication networks can be linked to social behaviour, allowing a deeper understanding of social relationships among individuals. For this purpose, the description of vocal dyads is fundamental. In group-living species, this identification is based on behavioural indicators which require a high level of reactivity during social interactions. In the present study, we alternatively established a proximity-based approach to investigate whether sex-specific differences in vocal communication reflect social behaviour in a species with rather loose social associations and low levels of reactivity: the Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). We performed audio- and video recordings of 30 captive animals from seven groups. Vocal networks for the four most common call types were constructed by considering conspecifics at close distance (≤ 1 body length) to the sender as potential receivers. The analysis of the resulting unidirectional structures showed that not only the sex of the sender but also the sex of the potential receiver, the quality of social interactions (affiliative or agonistic) as well as association strength predict the intensity of vocal interactions between group members. Thus, a proximity-based approach can be used to construct vocal networks providing information about the social relationships of conspecifics—even in species with loose social associations where behavioural indicators are limited.

scholarly journals Countering Protection Rackets Using Legal and Social Approaches: An Agent-Based Test

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áron Székely ◽  
Luis G. Nardin ◽  
Giulia Andrighetto
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Protection Rackets ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
Legal Strategies

Protection rackets cause economic and social damage across the world. States typically combat protection rackets using legal strategies that target the racketeers with legislation, strong sentencing, and increasing the presence and involvement of police officers. Nongovernmental organizations, conversely, focus on the rest of the population and counter protection rackets using a social approach. These organisations attempt to change the actions and social norms of community members with education, promotional campaigns, and discussions. We use an agent-based model, which draws on established theories of protection rackets and combines features of sociological and economic perspectives to modelling social interactions, to test the effects of legal and social approaches. We find that a legal approach is a necessary component of a policy approach, that social only approaches should not be used because they lead to large increases in violence, and that a combination of the two works best, although even this must be used carefully.

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