Robust Control for Multiple Time Delay Systems With Delay–Decouplability Concept

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Turkoglu ◽  
Nejat Olgac
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Equation ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Robustness Analysis ◽  
Delay Systems ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Multiple Control ◽  
Pendulum System ◽  
Linear Time Invariant ◽  
Characteristic Roots ◽  
The Stability

We consider linear time-invariant minimum phase MIMO plants in this paper, with multiple control delays. The delays appear at several components of the state. Deployment of delay decoupling control (DDC) creates a characteristic equation which facilitates the assessment of stability in each of the delays independently from each other. When, however, some system parameters are uncertain, the characteristic equation seems to entail truly coupled delays, which forces the stability assessment to an N-P hard complexity class problem. We show that this assessment can be very efficient using the Cluster Treatment of Characteristic Roots (CTCR) paradigm. The main contribution of the study is for a certain class of structures, if the feedback control forms with independent delays on separate feedback channels decouplability may still hold, and the robustness analysis becomes efficient. This result is demonstrated for 2-input, 2-output system, and it is claimed that the findings are scalable to higher dimensional dynamics. Example case study of a cart-pendulum system is treated.

Kernel and Offspring Concepts for the Stability Robustness of Multiple Time Delayed Systems (MTDS)

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rifat Sipahi ◽  
Nejat Olgac
Keyword(s):  
Time Delays ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Characteristic Root ◽  
Invariance Property ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Delayed Systems ◽  
Linear Time Invariant ◽  
Characteristic Roots ◽  
Stability Robustness ◽  
The Stability

A novel treatment for the stability of linear time invariant (LTI) systems with rationally independent multiple time delays is presented in this paper. The independence of delays makes the problem much more challenging compared to systems with commensurate time delays (where the delays have rational relations). We uncover some wonderful features for such systems. For instance, all the imaginary characteristic roots of these systems can be found exhaustively along a set of surfaces in the domain of the delays. They are called the “kernel” surfaces (curves for two-delay cases), and it is proven that the number of the kernel surfaces is manageably small and bounded. All possible time delay combinations, which yield an imaginary characteristic root, lie either on this kernel or its infinitely many “offspring” surfaces. Another hidden feature is that the root tendencies along these surfaces exhibit an invariance property. From these outstanding characteristics an efficient, exact, and exhaustive methodology results for the stability assessment. As an added uniqueness of this method, the systems under consideration do not have to be stable for zero delays. Several example case studies are presented, which are prohibitively difficult, if not impossible to solve using any other peer methodology known to the authors.

“Delay Scheduling”: A New Concept for Stabilization in Multiple Delay Systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1159-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nejat Olgac ◽  
Ali Fuat Ergenc ◽  
Rifat Sipahi
Keyword(s):  
Time Delays ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Delay Systems ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Linear Time Invariant ◽  
Characteristic Roots ◽  
Study Results

A trajectory-tracking problem is considered for a linear time invariant (LTI) dynamics with a fixed control law. However, the feedback line is affected by multiple time delays. The stability of the dynamics becomes a complex problem. It is well known that time-delayed LTI systems may exhibit multiple stable operating zones (which we call pockets) in the space of the delays. Our aim in this paper is to locate and experimentally validate these pockets. For the analytical determination of the pockets we utilize a new methodology, the cluster treatment of characteristic roots (CTCR). The study results in several interesting conclusions. (i) The systems may exhibit better control performance (for instance, faster disturbance rejection) for larger time delays. (ii) Consequently, we propose a unique and interesting utilization of the time delays as agents to enhance the control performance, the delay scheduling technique.

Kernel and Offspring Concepts for the Stability Robustness of Multiple Time Delayed Systems (MTDS)

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rifat Sipahi ◽  
Nejat Olgac
Keyword(s):  
Time Delays ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Characteristic Root ◽  
Test Point ◽  
Invariance Property ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Delayed Systems ◽  
Linear Time Invariant ◽  
Characteristic Roots ◽  
The Stability

A novel treatment for the stability of linear time invariant (LTI) systems with rationally independent multiple time delays is presented. The independence of delays makes the problem much more challenging compared to the systems with commensurate time delays (where the delays have rational relations). It is shown that the imaginary characteristic roots can all be found along a set of curves in the domain of the delays. They are called the “kernel curves”, and it is proven that their number is small and bounded. All possible time delay combinations, which yield an imaginary characteristic root, lie on a curve so called the offspring of the kernel curves within the domain of the delays. We also claim that the root tendencies show a very interesting invariance property as a test point crosses these curves. An efficient, exact and exhaustive methodology results from these outstanding characteristics. It is unique to the new methodology that, the systems under consideration do not have to possess stable behavior for zero delays. Several example case studies are presented, which are prohibitively difficult, if not impossible to solve using any other peer methodology.

Stability Analysis of Multiple Time Delayed Systems Using the Direct Method

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rifat Sipahi ◽  
Nejat Olgac
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Delayed Systems ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Linear Time Invariant ◽  
Multiple Time Delays ◽  
The Stability

A novel treatment for the stability of a class of linear time invariant (LTI) systems with rationally independent multiple time delays using the Direct Method (DM) is studied. Since they appear in many practical applications in the systems and control community, this class of dynamics has attracted considerable interest. The stability analysis is very complex because of the infinite dimensional nature (even for single delay) of the dynamics and furthermore the multiplicity of these delays. The stability problem is much more challenging compared to the TDS with commensurate time delays (where time delays have rational relations). It is shown in an earlier publication of the authors that the DM brings a unique, exact and structured methodology for the stability analysis of commensurate time delayed cases. The transition from the commensurate time delays to multiple delay case motivates our study. It is shown that the DM reveals all possible stability regions in the space of multiple time delays. The systems that are considered do not have to possess stable behavior for zero delays. We present a numerical example on a system, which is considered “prohibitively difficult” in the literature, just to exhibit the strengths of the new procedure.

Equivalency of Stability Transitions Between the SDS (Spectral Delay Space) and DS (Delay Space)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingbin Gao ◽  
Umut Zalluhoglu ◽  
Nejat Olgac
Keyword(s):  
Linear Time ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Delay Systems ◽  
Multiple Delays ◽  
Delayed Systems ◽  
Linear Time Invariant ◽  
Time In Literature ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
Delay Space

It has been shown that the stability of LTI time-delayed systems with respect to the delays can be analyzed in two equivalent domains: (i) delay space (DS) and (ii) spectral delay space (SDS). Considering a broad class of linear time-invariant time delay systems with multiple delays, the equivalency of the stability transitions along the transition boundaries is studied in both spaces. For this we follow two corresponding radial lines in DS and SDS, and prove for the first time in literature that they are equivalent. This property enables us to extract local stability transition features within the SDS without going back to the DS. The main advantage of remaining in SDS is that, one can avoid a non-linear transition from kernel hypercurves to offspring hypercurves in DS. Instead the potential stability switching curves in SDS are generated simply by stacking a finite dimensional cube called the building block (BB) along the axes. A case study is presented within the report to visualize this property.

scholarly journals Direct stability-switching delays determination procedure with differential averaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2217-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libor Pekař ◽  
Roman Prokop
Keyword(s):  
Linear Time ◽  
Pole Position ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Delay Systems ◽  
Neutral Delay ◽  
Linear Time Invariant ◽  
Dominant Pole ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Delay Dependent

In this paper, a direct computational method for the searching and determination of stability switching delays is introduced. The primary procedure is applicable to retarded linear time-invariant time-delay systems and it is based on the iterative (successive) estimation of the dominant pole of the infinite system spectrum by means of the Taylor’s series expansion in every node of the selected grid of discrete delay values. Whenever a crossing of the stability border is detected, the switching pole loci and the corresponding set of switching delays are further enhanced. To perform it, a linear Regula Falsi interpolation has been used in the original version. Here, two versions of the use of root tendency property are applied and compared. Root tendency expresses the change in the pole position with respect to the infinitesimal change in delays; that is, the complex valued gradient. Once a finite set of stability switching delays’ values is determined, these delays can be joined so that infinitely many switching delays are obtained. In this paper, the linear and the quadratic interpolations are compared in addition. The whole procedure is simply implementable by using standard software tools and it does not require special ones; neither a deep mathematical knowledge is required, which is favorable for the practice. A numerical example performed in MATLAB/Simulink environment demonstrates the accuracy of the algorithm and its substrategies compared with a well-established method for the delay-dependent stability analysis. Some beneficial and worthwhile ideas of how to cope with neutral delay systems are given and supported by an example as well.

Stability Analysis of LTI Systems With Three Independent Delays—A Computationally Efficient Procedure

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rifat Sipahi ◽  
Hassan Fazelinia ◽  
Nejat Olgac
Keyword(s):  
Linear Time ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Linear Time Invariant ◽  
Characteristic Roots ◽  
Stability Robustness ◽  
Linear Time Invariant Systems ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Operation Results ◽  
Time Invariant

A practical numerical procedure is introduced for determining the stability robustness map of a general class of higher order linear time invariant systems with three independent delays, against uncertainties in the delays. The procedure is based on an efficient and exhaustive frequency-sweeping technique within a single loop. This operation results in determination of the complete description of the kernel and the offspring hypersurfaces, which constitute exhaustively the potential stability switching loci in the space of the delays. The new numerical procedure corresponds to the first step in the overarching framework, called the cluster treatment of characteristic roots. The results of this treatment can also be represented in another domain (called the spectral delay space) within a finite dimensional cube called the building block, which is much simpler to view and analyze. The paper also offers several case studies to demonstrate the practicality of the new numerical methodology.

A Unique Methodology for Chatter Stability Mapping in Simultaneous Machining

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nejat Olgac ◽  
Rifat Sipahi
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Delay Systems ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Characteristic Roots ◽  
The Stability

A novel analytical tool is presented to assess the stability of simultaneous machining (SM) dynamics, which is also known as parallel machining. In SM, multiple cutting tools, which are driven by multiple spindles at different speeds, operate on the same workpiece. Its superior machining efficiency is the main reason for using SM compared with the traditional single tool machining (STM). When SM is optimized in the sense of maximizing the rate of metal removal constrained with the machined surface quality, typical “chatter instability” phenomenon appears. Chatter instability for single tool machining (STM) is broadly studied in the literature. When formulated for SM, however, the problem becomes notoriously more complex. There is practically no literature on the SM chatter, except a few ad hoc and inconclusive reports. This study presents a unique treatment, which declares the complete stability picture of SM chatter within the mathematical framework of multiple time-delay systems (MTDS). What resides at the core of this development is our own paradigm, which is called the cluster treatment of characteristic roots (CTCR). This procedure determines the regions of stability completely in the domain of the spindle speeds for varying chip thickness. The new methodology opens the research to some interesting directions. They, in essence, aim towards duplicating the well-known “stability lobes” concept of STM for simultaneous machining, which is clearly a nontrivial task.

The Cluster Treatment of Characteristic Roots and the Neutral Type Time-Delayed Systems

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nejat Olgac ◽  
Rifat Sipahi
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Neutral Type ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Delayed Systems ◽  
Linear Time Invariant ◽  
Characteristic Roots ◽  
Stability Intervals ◽  
The Stability

A new methodology is presented for assessing the stability posture of a general class of linear time-invariant – neutral time-delayed systems (LTI-NTDS). It is based on a “Cluster Treatment of Characteristic Roots CTCR” paradigm. The technique offers a number of unique features: It returns exact bounds of time delay for stability, furthermore it yields the number of unstable characteristic roots of the system in an explicit and non-sequentially evaluated function of time delay. As a direct consequence of the latter feature, the new methodology creates entirely, all existing stability intervals of delay, τ. It is shown that the CTCR inherently enforces an intriguing necessary condition for τ-stabilizability, which is the main contribution of this paper. This, so called “small delay” effect, was recognized earlier for NTDS, only through some cumbersome mathematics. In addition to the above listed characteristics, the CTCR is also unique in handling systems with unstable starting posture for τ = 0, which may be τ-stabilized for higher values of delay. Example cases are provided.

Double Imaginary Root Degeneracies in Time-Delayed Systems and CTCR Treatment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan R. Jenkins ◽  
Nejat Olgac
Keyword(s):  
Linear Time ◽  
Arbitrary Parameter ◽  
Imaginary Root ◽  
Delayed Systems ◽  
Stability Behavior ◽  
Linear Time Invariant ◽  
Characteristic Roots ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Time Invariant

The dynamics we treat here is a very special and degenerate class of linear time-invariant time-delayed systems (LTI-TDS) with commensurate delays, which exhibit a double imaginary root for a particular value of the delay. The stability behavior of the system within the immediate proximity of this parametric setting which creates the degenerate dynamics is investigated. Several recent investigations also handled this class of systems from the perspective of calculus of variations. We approach the same problem from a different angle, using a recent paradigm called Cluster Treatment of Characteristic Roots (CTCR). We convert one of the parameters in the system into a variable and perturb it around the degenerate point of interest, while simultaneously varying the delay. Clearly, only a particular selection of this arbitrary parameter and the delay enforce the degeneracy. All other adjacent points would be free of the mentioned degeneracy, and therefore can be handled with the CTCR paradigm. Analysis then reveals that the parametrically limiting stability behavior of the dynamics can be extracted by simply using CTCR. The results are shown to be very much aligned with the other investigations on the problem. Simplicity and numerical speed of CTCR may be considered as practical advantages in analyzing such systems. This approach also exhibits the capabilities of CTCR in handling these degenerate cases contrary to the convictions in earlier reports. An example case study is provided to demonstrate these features.

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