scholarly journals A Novel Two-Degree-of-Freedom Mechatronic Bed for Insomnia Treatment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik A. Zavrel ◽  
Matthew R. Ebben
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Rocking Motion ◽  
Insomnia Treatment ◽  
Two Degree Of Freedom

The population prevalence of insomnia has been surveyed numerous times and is among the most common medical complaints. This common problem has wide ranging psychological and physiological health consequences. Ample anecdotal evidence exists that motion promotes sleep: automobile and train passengers are routinely observed becoming drowsy and falling asleep [1]. The sleep-inducing effect of motion has long been appreciated in the scientific community as well. For example, rocking effectively produces sleep in infants [2]. Sleepiness is also a primary symptom of motion sickness and in some cases may be its sole manifestation [3]. To date, three studies have attempted to determine whether vestibular stimulation promotes sleepiness in adults. Two of these studies involved rocking beds. In one study, investigators found that regular, periodic motion achieved using a rocking bed reduced sleep onset latency (SOL) and increased REM in normal sleepers [4]. In another study, normal sleepers napped in a swinging bed of the same design. The study showed that rocking motion promotes sleep onset and transition to deeper, more restful stages of sleep [5]. In another study, investigators employed electrical stimulation of the inner ear in an attempt to decrease SOL, finding a significant reduction in a subset of participants whose SOL was elevated at baseline [6]. This illustrates that insomniacs may be particularly responsive to vestibular stimulation. The non-pharmacological promotion of sleep is an active commercial pursuit with numerous related patents filed and commercial products introduced in recent years; however, existing devices suffer serious shortcomings. Previous experimental and current commercial designs intended for adults function(ed) as a pendulum, requiring a custom bed (and associated custom linens) along with a special overarching scaffolding installation to suspend the bed [7]. An advanced robotic infant seat [8], while elegantly designed, utilizes active load support, severely limiting the maximum weight capacity and excluding the possibility that a similar implementation could be used for adults. Phillips Respironics developed the SleepWave, a non-invasive (clip-on) device to electrically stimulate the vestibular nerve to generate the sensation of motion, which has undergone promising clinical trials but is not yet commercially available [9]. The motivation for a mechatronic bed as a treatment for insomnia is based on the demonstrated link between motion-induced vestibular stimulation and sleep induction. To date, no design has been proposed that is practical to implement or capable of being incorporated into existing beds: cost, necessary dedicated physical space, and convenience represent substantial barriers to acceptance.

scholarly journals 1253 Multiple sleep onset REM episodes in middle age woman with excessive daytime sleepiness – Is this automatically assumed narcolepsy?

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A477-A477
Author(s):  
Kamal Patel ◽  
Bianca J Lang
Keyword(s):  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency Test ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency

Abstract Introduction Presence of sleep onset REM episodes often raises concerns of narcolepsy. However other conditions have shown to have presence of sleep on REM episodes which include but not limited to obstructive sleep apnea, sleep wake schedule disturbance, alcoholism, neurodegenerative disorders, depression and anxiety Report of Case Here we present a case of 30 year old female with history of asthma, patent foraman ovale, migraine headache, and anxiety who presented with daytime sleepiness, falling asleep while at work, occasional scheduled naps, non-restorative sleep, sleep paralysis, and hypnopompic hallucination. Pertinent physical exam included; mallampati score of 4/4, retrognathia, high arched hard palate, crowded posterior oropharynx. She had a score of 16 on Epworth sleepiness scale. Patient previously had multiple sleep latency test at outside facility which revealed 4/5 SOREM, with mean sleep onset latency of 11.5 minutes. She however was diagnosed with narcolepsy and tried on modafinil which she failed to tolerate. She was tried on sertraline as well which was discontinued due to lack of benefit. She had repeat multiple sleep latency test work up which revealed 2/5 SOREM, with mean sleep onset latency was 13.1 minutes. Her overnight polysomnogram prior to repeat MSLT showed SOREM with sleep onset latency of 10 minutes. Actigraphy showed consistent sleep pattern overall with sufficient sleep time but was taking hydroxyzine and herbal medication. Patient did not meet criteria for hypersomnolence disorder and sleep disordered breathing. Conclusion There is possibility her medication may have played pivotal role with her daytime symptoms. We also emphasize SOREMs can be present in other disorders such as anxiety in this case and not solely in narcolepsy

Abstract P359: Difficulty Falling Asleep is Predictive of Metabolic Syndrome

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E Petrov ◽  
Alex J Zautra ◽  
Nicole Hoffmann ◽  
Mary C Davis
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Introduction: Insomnia symptoms are associated with cardiovascular disease and multiple metabolic syndrome components, yet few studies have investigated their association with metabolic syndrome. Hypothesis: Insomnia symptoms will be significantly associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome. Methods: Middle-aged, community-dwelling adults, ages 40-65 yrs, were recruited to participate in a study on healthy aging. All participants completed questionnaires on demographics, medical history, and sleep patterns in the past month including estimated sleep-onset latency, frequency of difficulty falling asleep, and severity of difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, and early morning awakenings. Measurements for metabolic syndrome were collected at a home health visit. All metabolic syndrome criteria consisting of waist circumference, triglyceride level, HDL cholesterol level, blood pressure, and fasting glucose were identified using the American Heart Association definitions. Participants with three or more positive criteria were considered to have metabolic syndrome. Of a total sample of 770 individuals, 557 participants who did not have a history of cardiovascular events (n = 62), and had complete sleep and metabolic syndrome data were included in the analysis. We conducted logistic regression models predicting presence of metabolic syndrome from the sleep measures adjusting for age, sex, race, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, moderate physical activity minutes per week, and current major depression diagnosis. Results: Metabolic syndrome was prevalent in 24.2% of the sample (n = 135). Sleep onset latency of greater than 30 minutes and difficulty falling asleep three or more nights per week were significantly related to metabolic syndrome, but no other insomnia symptoms were related (see Table). Conclusions: Difficulty falling asleep, a marker of physiological and emotional hyperarousal, may be a modifiable risk factor for metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals 0916 The Use of Immersive Virtual Reality and Slow Breathing to Enhance Relaxation and Sleep in Adolescents

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A348-A348
Author(s):  
D Yüksel ◽  
A Goldstone ◽  
D Prouty ◽  
M Forouzanfar ◽  
S Claudatos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Slow Breathing

Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbances frequently emerge during adolescence amongst profound, normative, sleep maturation and biopsychosocial changes. Factors like stress, worry or rumination may make falling asleep and maintaining sleep more difficult. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of a novel intervention based on virtual reality (VR) and slow breathing to promote bedtime relaxation and facilitate sleep in high-school adolescents. Methods Twenty-nine 16-18 year-old adolescents with (N=9, 6 girls) and without (N=20, 11 girls) sleep difficulties underwent two counterbalanced in-lab relaxation and baseline polysomnography (PSG) nights. For the relaxation condition, immediately preceding bedtime, participants were engaged in slow diaphragmatic breathing (to promote physiological downregulation) whilst passively experiencing a relaxation immersive VR environment, designed to promote cognitive relaxation/distraction (20min). On the baseline night, participants engaged in quiet activities (e.g., reading a book) before bedtime (20min). Results The VR intervention resulted in a significant immediate increase in perceived relaxation and reduced worry (p<0.05). Also, heart rate dropped (~5bpm) in the pre-to-post intervention (p<0.05), while no significant change in heart rate was evident before and after the time spent in quiet activities on the baseline night. PSG-defined sleep onset latency was shorter (~6min reduction) and sleep efficiency was greater (~3% increase) on the VR relaxation night compared to the baseline night (p<0.05). In addition, baseline sleep onset latency was related to the magnitude of the baseline-to-relaxation reduction in sleep onset latency in participants (R2=0.70; p<0.01). There was no apparent difference in responses to the VR intervention between adolescents with or without insomnia. Conclusion Our data highlight the potential for combining cognitive relaxation/distraction strategies, using immersive VR technology and physiological downregulation, to promote bedtime relaxation and improve overall sleep quality in adolescents. Further research is needed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of such interventions over time. Support National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) R01HL139652 (to MdZ)

scholarly journals Sleep disturbances in patients with Addison's disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Lovas ◽  
ES Husebye ◽  
F Holsten ◽  
B Bjorvatn
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Addison’S Disease ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Addison's Disease ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Sleep Diaries ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

OBJECTIVE: The standard replacement therapy in Addison's disease does not restore normal nocturnal levels of the hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence and characteristics of sleep disturbances in patients with Addison's disease. METHODS: Sixty patients completed a self-administered sleep questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire. Activity-based monitoring (actigraph recordings) and sleep diaries were obtained from eight patients. RESULTS: Thirty-four percent reported weekly sleep disturbances (difficulties falling asleep in 13%; repeated awakenings in 14%; early morning awakenings in 20%). The sleep need was 8.21 h (s.d. 1.34; range 6-14 h), and sleep onset latency was 29 min (s.d. 29, range 2-150 min). Forty percent of the patients were tired during daily activities more than once a week, but the scores of the ESS were 6.0 (s.d. 3.5), which is not higher than normal. The actigraph recordings showed higher sleep efficiency than the subjective recordings. CONCLUSION: We did not identify specific sleep disturbances which were characteristic for patients with Addison's disease. Patients with Addison's disease have increased daytime fatigue, but no more daytime sleepiness than normal.

scholarly journals Yesterday’s Work–Home Conflict and Actigraphically Recorded Sleep-Onset Latency as Predictors of Today’s Cognitive Failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Undine Kottwitz ◽  
Wilken Wehrt ◽  
Christin Gerhardt ◽  
Diana Augusto Coelho ◽  
Damian Schmutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Saturday Morning ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Cognitive Failures ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Working Day

AbstractCognitive failures are errors in routine action regulation that increase with higher mental demands. In particular, in occupations where guidance such as teaching or supervision is essential, cognitive failures harm one’s performance and also negatively impact knowledge transfer. The aim of this study is to investigate yesterday’s work–home conflict (WHC) and objectively assessed sleep-onset latency as antecedents of a next-day increase in cognitive failures. Fifty-three teachers were assessed during a working week, in the morning, after work, and in the evening on each working day, as well as on Saturday morning. Sleep-onset latency was assessed with ambulatory actimetry. The multi-level analyses showed both WHC and sleep-onset latency predict cognitive failures the next working day (controlling for cognitive failures from the previous day, sleep quantity, and leisure time rumination until falling asleep). However, there was no association between yesterday’s WHCs and the nightly sleep-onset latency. Thus, nightly sleep-onset latency did not mediate the effects of yesterday’s WHCs on today’s cognitive failures. Our results highlight the importance of sleep and a good work–life balance for daily cognitive functioning. In order to promote the cognitive functioning of employees as well as occupational safety, good working conditions and recovery should both be considered.

579 Child Sleep Onset Latency Mediates Parental Depression and Non-Compliance in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A228-A228
Author(s):  
Melanie Stearns ◽  
Braden Hayse ◽  
Neetu Nair ◽  
Micah Mazurek ◽  
Ashley Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Parental Depression ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Child Sleep ◽  
Falling Asleep

Abstract Introduction Parents who have been diagnosed with depression often report that their children are not compliant and have difficulty falling asleep. Parents with depression are less likely to be consistent or enforce bedtimes resulting in the child having less bedtime rules and getting less sleep. Overtime this may mean the child develops poor sleep habits and difficulty falling asleep. Although these relationships have yet to be studied in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), it is an important area given the high prevalence of children with ASD who have sleep difficulties. The current study examined whether parent-reported child sleep onset latency mediated the relationship between parental depression and child non-compliance. Methods The sample (N=50) consisted of parents (81% female) reporting on their children aged 6–12 (M=8.63, SD = 2.00; 76% male). All children were diagnosed with ASD and had parent reported sleep complaints. Children and their parents were recruited because they expressed interest in a behavioral treatment sleep study and these data come from the baseline data collection associated with that study. Measures included sleep onset latency on the Child Sleep Health Questionnaire (CSHQ), an item on the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) which asked if a child follows rules, and a question asking if the parent had been diagnosed with depression. Results Analyses were conducting using AMOS 27.0. Slightly less than half (45%) of parents reported having been diagnosed with depression. Parent-reported child sleep onset latency significantly mediated (β =.13) the relation between parental depression and non-compliance. Parents who had been diagnosed with depression were associated with greater child sleep onset latency (β =.32, p = .04) and greater child sleep onset latency was associated with greater non-compliance (β =.40, p = .01). The direct effect between parental depression and non-compliance was not significant. Conclusion These results suggest that difficulty falling asleep may help to explain why children of parents who have depression are not compliant. Future research should utilize longitudinal and experimental methodology to determine the causality of these relationships. Support (if any) University of Missouri Research Board Grant (McCrae, PI); United States Department of Defense USAMRAA Autism Research Program (McCrae, PI; CTA AR190047).

385 Subjective-objective sleep discrepancy and quality of life in self-reported insomnia and sleep apnea

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A152-A153
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Michael Goldstein ◽  
Roger Davis ◽  
Gloria Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Sleep Difficulties

Abstract Introduction Current diagnostic classifications define insomnia based on self-reported sleep difficulties. However, differences between self-reported and objectively measured sleep parameters (subjective-objective sleep discrepancy or sleep misperception) are very common. Insomnia and sleep apnea cause common impairments that overlap and have negative impacts on overall health. Previous studies have encouraged an in-depth understanding of subjective-objective sleep discrepancy to inform a role for behavioral, mind-body approaches to insomnia. In this study, utilizing patients with insomnia and comorbid sleep apnea, we aimed to understand associations between self-reported insomnia, sleep difficulties, sleep misperception and quality-of-life. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis using data from the Sleep Heart Health Study (a multi-site nationally representative sample) to examine the profile of subjective and objective sleep measures in people with insomnia (IS, n=73) and comorbid sleep apnea (IS+SA, n=143), compared to individuals with sleep apnea only (SA, n=296) and normal sleep controls (NSC, n=126). We also compared the magnitude of sleep misperception between these four groups and examined the corresponding impact of subjective insomnia complaints on quality-of-life. Results Sleep discrepancy was found in all four groups. After controlling for age, sex, mental health conditions, sleep apnea severity, and objectively measured sleep time, the presence of self-reported insomnia had the strongest association with sleep discrepancy on total sleep time (TST, β=-34.4, p<0.001) and sleep onset latency (SOL, β=14.7, p<0.001). Subjects who reported no difficulty falling asleep slightly underestimated their sleep onset latency, while those who reported difficulty substantially overestimated sleep latency. Self-reported insomnia had a significantly negative impact on the quality of life in both physical and mental components (p<0.001). Conclusion Sleep discrepancy exists in normal controls, insomnia, and sleep apnea. Subjects with self-reported insomnia have a higher degree of sleep misperception. Both sleep apnea and self-reported insomnia are associated with negative QOL. Those with comorbid sleep apnea report the greatest sleep discrepancy and lowest QOL. Further research is needed to better understand individual profiles of misperception and insomnia phenotypes, apnea comorbidity and quality-of-life. Behavioral, mind-body interventions may offer strategies to address mental stress, sleep misperception, and insomnia. Support (if any) NCCIH T32AT000051 and NHLBI 5T32HL007901-22

Sleep quality among inpatients with acute myeloid leukemia.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (26_suppl) ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
Thomas William LeBlanc ◽  
Kelli Aibel ◽  
Ryan Meyerhoff ◽  
David Harpole ◽  
Amy Pickar Abernethy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Falling Asleep

82 Background: Anecdotally, sleep is thought to be a significant problem for inpatients receiving treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), butsleep disturbances in this setting are not well-characterized. We aimed to assess the feasibility of measuring sleep in AML patients using a wearable actigraphy device. Methods: Using the Actigraph GT3X “watch,”we assessed the total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, number of awakenings after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency for inpatients with AML receiving induction chemotherapy during their hospitalization. We also assessed patient self-reported sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Index (PSQI). Results: Of the thirteen patients enrolled in the study, 11 completed actigraphy and PSQI assessments. Two patients who were transferred to the ICU were excluded from this analysis. Data collection was feasible; patients wore the Actigraph device for a mean (SD) of 120 (58) hours. Subjects’ mean age was 55.9 (15.7) years. Mean length of hospitalization was 34 (13) days. The mean PSQI global score was 8.10 (4.91) indicating generally poor sleep. Actigraphy measures also suggested poor sleep. Overall sleep quantity was insufficient, with a mean total sleep time in minutes of 366.5 (61.0). Patients’ sleep was often interrupted, with a mean number of awakenings after sleep onset of 4.9 (3.3), average awakening length in minutes of 7.8 (5.5), and mean wake after sleep onset in minutes of 37.2 (26.4). Mean sleep onset latency in minutes was 0.4 (0.5) and sleep efficiency was high (90.7% (0.1)), suggesting that patients did not have difficulty falling asleep but rather experienced poor sleep due to external factors. Conclusions: Actigraphy assessment of sleep in AML inpatients is feasible, and suggests significant impairments in both quantity and quality of sleep. While patients did not appear to have difficulty falling asleep, they experienced significant sleep disturbances, perhaps from external factors like interactions with staff and interruptions such as from administration of medications, lab draws and vital sign measurements. Supportive care interventions are needed to further improve sleep quantity and quality among inpatients with AML.

Melatonin in pediatric neurology

ORL ro ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Raluca Ioana Teleanu ◽  
Magdalena Sandu ◽  
Eugenia Roza
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Light Darkness ◽  
Efficacy Studies ◽  
Endogenous Melatonin

Melatonin  is a hormone produced by the pineal gland during the night, as a response to the light-darkness variation. The endogenous melatonin levels have a cyclic evolution throughout the entire life. Various roles have been cited such as the in utero developement of the fetus through its action on the placenta, neurons and glial cells, a major role in the regulation of the cyrcadian rhythm, antioxidative, antiinflammatory roles, as well as celullar and umoral immunity modulation. In the European Union, exogenous melatonin has been evaluated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for reducing sleep onset latency and the conclusion was that it has efficacy studies in this regard.  

scholarly journals The Monday Effect Revisited: A Diary and Sleep Actigraphy Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Achim Elfering ◽  
Christin Gerhardt ◽  
Diana Pereira ◽  
Anna Schenker ◽  
Maria U. Kottwitz
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Monday Morning ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Monday Effect ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Cognitive Failure ◽  
Delayed Sleep

Abstract Purpose Accidents are more likely to occur during the morning hours of Mondays (Monday effect). This might be due to a higher level of cognitive failure on Monday morning at work. Methods In a pilot actigraphy study across one working week, we explored this Monday effect and regressed daily self-reported workplace cognitive failure on weekdays (Monday versus other days), background social stressors at work, delayed sleep onset and sleep duration. Diary data were gathered from 40 full-time employees. Results Confirming our assumptions, results revealed work-related cognitive failure and sleep-onset latency on the previous night to be higher on Mondays compared to other workdays. Work-related cognitive failure correlated positively with delayed sleep-onset latency and background social stressors. In multilevel regression analysis, Monday significantly explained variations in workplace cognitive failure. The addition of background social stressors at work and sleep-onset latency to the regression model showed unique contributions to the prediction of workplace cognitive failure. No significant two-way or three-way interactions between working days, sleep-onset latency or sleep duration, and background social stressors were found. Conclusion Peak levels of cognitive failure on Monday morning and the association of cognitive failure with social stressors at work contribute to understanding the mechanisms involved in the increased prevalence of occupational accidents on Monday morning. Occupational safety interventions should address both social stressors at work and individual sleep hygiene.

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