Preliminary User Study on Design Heuristics for Additive Manufacturing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Blösch-Paidosh ◽  
Kristina Shea
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
User Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Design Heuristics ◽  
The Media ◽  
Novice Designers ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Design Scenario

Additive manufacturing (AM) has unique capabilities when compared to traditional manufacturing, such as shape, hierarchical, functional, and material complexity, a fact that has fascinated those in research, industry, and the media for the last decade. Consequently, designers would like to know how they can incorporate AM’s special capabilities into their designs, but are often at a loss as to how to do so. Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) methods are currently in development but the vast majority of existing methods are not tailored to the needs and knowledge of designers in the early stages of the design a process. The authors have previously derived 29 design heuristics for AM. In this paper, the efficacy of these heuristics is tested in the context of a re-design scenario with novice designers. The preliminary results show that the heuristics positively influence the designs generated by the novice designers. Analysis of the use of specific heuristics by the participants and future research to validate the impact of the design heuristics for additive manufacturing with expert designers and in original design scenarios is planned.

Design Heuristics for Additive Manufacturing Validated Through a User Study1

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Blösch-Paidosh ◽  
Kristina Shea
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Design Heuristics ◽  
The Media ◽  
Novice Designers ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
High Level ◽  
Independent Design ◽  
The Impact

Additive manufacturing (AM) has unique capabilities when compared to traditional manufacturing, such as shape, hierarchical, functional, and material complexity, a fact that has fascinated those in research, industry, and the media for the last decade. Consequently, designers would like to know how they can incorporate AM's special capabilities into their designs but are often at a loss as how to do so. Design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) methods are currently in development, but the vast majority of existing methods are not tailored to the needs and knowledge of designers in the early stages of the design process. Therefore, we propose a set of process-independent design heuristics for AM aimed at transferring the high-level knowledge necessary for reasoning about functions, configurations, and parts to designers. Twenty-nine design heuristics for AM are derived from 275 AM artifacts. An experiment is designed to test their efficacy in the context of a redesign scenario with novice designers. The heuristics are found to positively influence the designs generated by the novice designers and are found to be more effective at communicating DfAM concepts in the early phases of redesign than a lecture on DfAM alone. Future research is planned to validate the impact with expert designers and in original design scenarios.

scholarly journals Television and Fertility

2010 ◽  
pp. 67-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Basten
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Media Presentation ◽  
Sliding Scale ◽  
The Media ◽  
Television Plays ◽  
The Impact

Much research has been conducted in the field of utilising the media - television and radio in particular - to promote particular public health messages. However, a burgeoning canon has examined how mass media can play a role in affecting change in fertility preferences and outcomes. In this paper we review these researches which have primarily focussed upon higher fertility settings. The impact of mass media presentation of families and children in low fertility settings has not yet been subject to rigorous sociological investigation so its impact can not be accurately inferred. However, given the pervasive nature of mass media and celebrity culture, we suggest that this is an important avenue for future research. We conclude that television plays a multi-faceted role in shaping individuals decision-making procedures concerning both demographic events and public health interactions. To illustrate this, we present a model which demonstrates a sliding scale of intent - but not impact - of various genres in order to understand the actual role of the media in shaping attitudes towards family size - either explicitly in terms of edutainment or implicitly as a forms of normalization.

scholarly journals Communication, Negotiation, and Influence at International Climate Change Meetings and Summits

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Wessler ◽  
Julia Lück ◽  
Antal Wozniak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

The annual United Nations Climate Change Conferences, officially called Conferences of the Parties (COPs), are the main drivers of media attention to climate change around the world. Even more so than the Rio and Rio+20 “Earth Summits” (1992 and 2012) and the meetings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the COPs offer multiple access points for the communicative engagement of all kinds of stakeholders. COPs convene up to 20,000 people in one place for two weeks, including national delegations, civil society and business representatives, scientific organizations, representatives from other international organizations, as well as journalists from around the world. While intergovernmental negotiation under the auspices of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) constitutes the core of COP business, these multifunctional events also offer arenas for civil society mobilization, economic lobbying, as well as expert communication and knowledge transfer. The media image of the COPs emerges as a product of distinct networks of coproduction constituted by journalists, professional communicators from non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and national delegations. Production structures at the COPs are relatively globalized with uniform access rules for journalists from all over the world, a few transnational news agencies dominating distribution of both basic information and news visuals, and dense localized interaction between public relations (PR) professionals and journalists. Photo opportunities created by globally coordinated environmental NGOs meet the selection of journalists much better than the visual strategies pursued by delegation spokespeople. This gives NGOs the upper hand in the visual framing contest, whereas in textual framing NGOs are sidelined and national politicians clearly dominate media coverage. The globalized production environment leads to relatively similar patterns of basic news framing in national media coverage of the COPs that reflect overarching ways of approaching the topic: through a focus on problems and victims; a perspective on civil society demands and solutions; an emphasis on conflict in negotiations; or a focus on the benefits of clean energy production. News narratives, on the other hand, give journalists from different countries more leeway in adapting COP news to national audiences’ presumed interests and preoccupations. Even after the adoption of a new global treaty at COP21 in Paris in 2015 that specifies emission reduction targets for all participating countries, the annual UN Climate Change Conferences are likely to remain in the media spotlight. Future research could look more systematically at the impact of global civil society and media in monitoring the national contributions to climate change mitigation introduced in the Paris Agreement and shoring up even more ambitious commitments needed to reach the goal of keeping global warming well below 2 degrees Celsius as compared to pre-industrial levels.

scholarly journals Integration of Simulation Driven DfAM and LCC Analysis for Decision Making in L-PBF

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Patricia Nyamekye ◽  
Anna Unt ◽  
Antti Salminen ◽  
Heidi Piili
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
The Impact

Laser based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is used to manufacture parts layer by layer with the energy of laser beam. The use of L-PBF for building functional parts originates from the design freedom, flexibility, customizability, and energy efficiency of products applied in dynamic application fields such as aerospace and automotive. There are challenges and drawbacks that need to be defined and overcome before its adaptation next to rivaling traditional manufacturing methods. Factors such as high cost of L-PBF machines, metal powder, post-preprocessing, and low productivity may deter its acceptance as a mainstream manufacturing technique. Understanding the key cost drivers of L-PBF that influence productivity throughout the whole lifespan of products will facilitate the decision-making process. Functional and operational decisions can yield profitability and increase competitiveness among advanced manufacturing sectors. Identifying the relationships between the phases of the life cycle of products influences cost-effectiveness. The aim of the study is to investigate the life cycle cost (LCC) and the impact of design to it in additive manufacturing (AM) with L-PBF. The article provides a review of simulation driven design for additive manufacturing (simulation driven DfAM) and LCC for metallic L-PBF processes and examines the state of the art to outline the merits, demerits, design rules, and life cycle models of L-PBF. Practical case studies of L-PBF are discussed and analysis of the interrelating factors of the different life phases are presented. This study shows that simulation driven DfAM in the design phase increases the productivity throughout the whole production and life span of L-PBF parts. The LCC model covers the whole holistic lifecycle engineering of products and offers guidelines for decision making.

Media attention and corporate disaster relief: evidence from China

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Ouyang ◽  
Jiuchang Wei ◽  
Yu Xiao ◽  
Fei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Yushu Earthquake ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chinese Search Engine

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of media attention on corporate disaster relief. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a matched sample research design, which is considered more appropriate than a random sample design for studying events that have low-occurrence rates in general. For each donor firm in the Yushu earthquake, the authors matched the firm with a non-donor firm in the same industry and with a firm size of within ±30 percent of the total assets in the year prior to the year of the occurrence of the Yushu earthquake. Then, using the Baidu engine, which is the most popular Chinese search engine, the authors captured the online media attention to the donor firms and their disaster relief. Findings The authors found that media attention drove corporate disaster relief. Research limitations/implications Although the authors highlighted the role of the media as an important stakeholder in influencing corporate disaster relief, the authors did not fully explore the media’s influence. Future research should delve more deeply into the impact of the tenor of media coverage on corporate disaster relief. Originality/value This study reveals that the media, a particularly powerful stakeholder, can be a corporate disaster relief driver in China.

scholarly journals Health Disparities in COVID-19: Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 197-197
Author(s):  
Chivon Mingo ◽  
Ronica Rooks
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The rapid transmission of COVID-19 has resulted in more than 100 million confirmed cases in over 200 countries and continues to have wide-community spread. Consistently, it has been reported that older adults are at a greater risk for requiring hospitalization or dying from the virus compared to younger adults and children. In fact, compared to those age 18-29, age 65-74 are five times more likely to be hospitalized and 90 times more likely to experience death. The risk increases exponentially with age. Individuals 85 and older are 13 times more likely to require hospitalization and 630 times more likely to die from the disease. The physical health-age correlation has permeated the media and many discussions concerning the pandemic. However, fewer discussions have centered on the interaction of age and social variables that further exacerbate COVID-19 related burden or mortality such as race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and limited access to healthcare. Therefore, this symposium will bring direct attention to COVID-19 related health disparities that compromise public health, discuss implications on future research, policy, and practice, and discuss opportunities to reduce the burden and mitigate health inequities. The symposium presenters will specifically address the impact of social support during COVID-19, disparities in the effects of social distancing on health status, the economic impact on health, cognitive decline among low-income older adults navigating a global pandemic, and factors associated with higher rates of hospitalizations among racial/ethnic diverse older adults.

The Impact of Material Aging on Stereolithography Reliability: An Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Yiran Yang ◽  
Lin Li
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Geometric Dimension ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Failure Rates ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Additive manufacturing as an emerging technique, however, delivers relatively low reliability compared to traditional manufacturing. Unlike in traditional manufacturing systems that manufacturers mainly focus on the machine reliability by adopting failure rates of equipment, in additive manufacturing systems the performance of reliability is often evaluated by the consistency of measurement results. In addition, the reliability of additive manufacturing systems is not only affected by the failure rates of machine elements, the condition of the photo-sensitive raw material could also lead to variations on the overall performance of the additive-manufactured products and thus affect the reliability. In this work, the impact of raw material condition with respect to the material aging time on the reliability of the stereolithography manufactured products is evaluated experimentally. More specifically, the liquid resin is sampled and stored in a laboratory environment for 2, 6, 8, and 12 days of aging, respectively. A series of specimens are printed with the aged raw materials as well as the fresh raw material. By computing the standard deviation and correlation of the measurements among specimens, the results indicate that material aging time has a negligible impact on the geometric dimension of the specimens while it does significantly affect the hardness. In other words, the results of the work imply that the reliability of stereolithography is significantly affected by raw material aging time.

Impact of Timing in the Design Process on Students' Application of Design for Additive Manufacturing Heuristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-56
Author(s):  
Anastasia Schauer ◽  
Kenton Fillingim ◽  
Katherine Fu
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Design For Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Design Heuristics ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
The Way

Abstract The goal of this work is to study the way student designers use design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) rules, or heuristics. It can be challenging for novice designers to succeed at creating successful designs for additive manufacturing (AM), given its differences from traditional manufacturing methods. A study was carried out to investigate the way novices apply DfAM heuristics when they receive them at different points in the design process. A design problem was presented to students, and three different groups of student participants were given a lecture on DfAM heuristics at three different points in the design process. The novelty and quality of each of the resulting designs was evaluated. Results indicate that although the DfAM heuristics lecture had no impact on the overall quality of the designs generated, participants who were given the heuristics lecture after the initial design session produced designs that were better suited for 3D printing in the second phase of the design activity. However, receiving this additional information appears to prevent students from creatively iterating upon their initial designs, as participants in this group did not experience an increase in novelty between the two sessions. Additionally, receiving the heuristics lecture increased all students' perceptions of their ability to perform DfAM-related tasks. These results validate the practicality of design heuristics as AM training tools while also emphasizing the importance of iteration in the design process.

The Impact of Legally Relevant Media Exposure on Criminal Juror Decision-Making

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Groscup
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
News Media ◽  
Reality Television ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Juror Decision Making ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Exposure to various forms of media can potentially impact decision-making by jurors in criminal trials. Cases like the highly publicized Casey Anthony trial, in which jurors’ media exposure might have affected the verdict, highlight the importance of understanding what messages jurors receive from the media and how those messages might influence their perceptions of trial participants and evidence. This chapter first explores research on the content of legally relevant news media, reality television, and scripted television dramas to better understand the messages the media might be delivering. Next, it reviews research suggesting how various media sources influence the development of legally relevant attitudes and, in turn, juror decision-making. The chapter then investigates the media’s direct influence on juror decision-making, focusing particularly on the CSI Effect. Finally, it discusses recommendations for jury system reform that might decrease media influence as well as future research directions.

scholarly journals A Plea for Bystander Intervention

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-561
Author(s):  
Derek R. Avery
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Racial Injustice ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Black Defendants ◽  
The Impact

I would be remiss if I did not begin by admitting my sheer delight to see organizational scientists (e.g., Hall, Hall, & Perry, 2016; Ruggs et al., 2016) taking a greater interest in broader societal social issues like these. In 2007, when I was the chair of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology's (SIOP's) Committee for Ethnic Minority Affairs (CEMA), I devoted part of a column in The Industrial–Organizational Psychologist to discussing what I perceived to be a law enforcement racial injustice perpetrated against several adolescents in Louisiana known as the “Jena Six” (Avery, 2007). The issue at hand in that case was the impact of race after an arrest was made. The media reports of the case at that time compelled many to believe that its handling by law enforcement and the criminal justice system had been influenced adversely by the racial composition of the White plaintiff and Black defendants. Like Ruggs et al., I felt then and continue to believe that we, as industrial–organizational (I-O) psychologists, could be doing more to redress societal injustice. I also commend them on the multifaceted nature of their discussion and appreciate that they highlighted a number of ways in which our existing knowledge base is, and future research products could be, pertinent to what's happening all too often between police and the minority communities they are intended to serve and protect.

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