Designing for Trust: Understanding the Role of Agent Gender and Location on User Perceptions of Trust in Home Automation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole B. Damen ◽  
Christine A. Toh
Keyword(s):  
Smart Home ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Home Automation ◽  
Male Voice ◽  
User Perceptions ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Automation Technology ◽  
Shed Light

The potential of smart home devices for improving the comfort, energy efficiency, and security of its residents has been noted by researchers and early adopters of these technologies. Despite these advantages and advances in home automation technology, their adoption has not been as widespread as anticipated by experts. Existing research has shown that the lack of trust in home devices is a significant deterrent to widespread adoption. There is little data on how this perceived trustworthiness of the system might be impacted by the location that the device operates in, and the perceived gender of the automated agent within the device. Therefore, this exploratory study addresses this knowledge gap by exploring the role of agent location (office / home) and gender of the agent’s voice (female / male) on perceptions of trustworthiness in a controlled laboratory setting with a simulated smart lock system. Preliminary results following quantitative and qualitative analysis of this pilot study show that users trust stereotype-congruent automated agents (male voice in office, female voice in home) more than stereotype-incongruent automated agents. These results shed light on users’ perceptions of trust with home automation devices, and provide directions for future research and development of trustworthy home automation devices.

Designing for Trust: Understanding the Role of Agent Gender and Location on User Perceptions of Trust in Home Automation

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Damen ◽  
Christine Toh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Home Automation ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
User Perceptions ◽  
User Behaviors ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Carry Over

Although trust can have a positively mediating effect on information technology adoption and usage, the concept has not been extensively investigated in the home automation field. Therefore, this work is aimed at exploring the role of agent location and the gender of the agent's voice on users' perception of trust toward automation through two experimental studies (N = 8 and N = 20) and a web-based smart lock simulation. Explicit trust behavior was captured using directly observable behaviors and decisions, while implicit trust behavior was captured using detailed click-level user behaviors with the smart lock simulation as a proxy for reaction time. The results show that users displayed more explicit trusting behavior toward the system when it displayed design characteristics that were stereotype congruent (female-home and male-office) compared to stereotype incongruent systems (male-home and female-office). These results show that users carry over the social expectations and roles encountered in human-to-human relationships to interactions with simulated automated agents. These findings empirically demonstrate the influence of design characteristics on the formation of trust relationships between users and automated devices and provide a foundation for future research geared at critically examining our evolving relationship with technology.

Islam, Gender, and Democracy in Comparative Perspective

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Shed Light

This volume reframes the debate around Islam and women’s rights within a broader comparative literature. It examines the complex and contingent historical relationships between religion, secularism, democracy, law, and gender equality. Part I addresses the nexus of religion, law, gender, and democracy through different disciplinary perspectives (sociology, anthropology, political science, law). Part II localizes the implementation of this nexus between law, gender, and democracy, and provides contextualized responses to questions raised in Part I. The contributors explore the situation of Muslim women’s rights vis-à-vis human rights to shed light on gender politics in the modernization of the nation and to ponder over the role of Islam in gender inequality across different Muslim countries.

The Role of Resilience in Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 428-442
Author(s):  
Dawn M. Szymanski ◽  
Kirsten A. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Minority Mental Health ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Structural Levels

Many lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) persons are able to persevere and flourish despite pervasive social stigma and minority stress based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. This chapter reviews the research on LGBTQ resilience that can occur at individual, interpersonal/family, community, and contextual/structural levels. The authors describe qualitative research that has examined pathways to resilience and positive LGBTQ identity. The authors also review quantitative research on LGBTQ resilience via mediator, moderator, and moderated mediation models. Variables are described that have been found to explain or buffer the links between external and internalized minority stressors and mental health outcomes. The authors review the small but growing body of research that has begun to examine the efficacy of therapeutic interventions aimed at promoting LGBTQ resilience. Limitations are discussed and directions for future research are suggested.

scholarly journals Effect of Self-esteem on Perceived Job Insecurity: The Moderating Role of Self-efficacy and Gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Adewale A. Adekiya
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
International Markets ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Perceived Job Insecurity

AbstractThe high rate of job loss in most crude oil dependent countries, which may be attributed to the recent drop in the price of this commodity in international markets, has intensified the perception of threats associated with potential job loss among the employees who are still employed. Hence, perceived job insecurity, its associated outcome, coupled with how it can be mitigated has become a global phenomenon, which requires the attention of managers and practitioners alike. In this work, we built upon Hobfall’s conservation of resource theory (CRT) to present a research model that links employee’s self-efficacy and gender to the strength or weakness of the relationship between self-esteem and self-perceived job insecurity. Research data were collected from 153 randomly selected Nigerian Bank employees out of 217 drawn from a total population of 509. Based on the results from relevant statistical analysis, it is discovered that, while increase in self-esteem would lead to a significant decrease in job insecurity perception, such significant decrease is, however, not associated with self-efficacy and gender meaning that these variables are not moderators in the self-esteem/perceived job insecurity relationship. In line with these outcomes, we conclude by recommending that managers should focus on developing intervention strategies aimed at improving employee self-esteem with a view of reducing perceived job insecurity. In addition, important areas in need of future research were also identified.

scholarly journals Spanish adaptation of a film music stimulus set (FMSS): Cultural and gender differences in the perception of emotions prompted by music excerpts

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573562095846
Author(s):  
Nieves Fuentes-Sánchez ◽  
Raúl Pastor ◽  
Tuomas Eerola ◽  
M Carmen Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Film Music ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Perception Of Emotions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Music Stimulus ◽  
Music And Emotion ◽  
Affective Dimensions

The literature review reveals different conceptual and methodological challenges in the field of music and emotion, such as the lack of agreement in terms of standardized datasets, and the need for replication of prior findings. Our study aimed at validating for Spanish population a set of film music stimuli previously standardized in Finnish samples. In addition, we explored the role of gender and culture in the perception of emotions through music using 102 excerpts selected from Eerola and Vuoskoski’s dataset. A total of 129 voluntary undergraduate students (71.32% females) from different degrees participated voluntarily in this study, where they were instructed to rate both discrete emotions (Happiness, Sadness, Tenderness, Fear, Anger) and affective dimensions (Valence, Energy Arousal, Tension Arousal) using a 9-point scale after presentation of each excerpt. Strong similarities between Finnish and Spanish ratings were found, with only minor discrepancies across samples in the evaluation of basic emotions. Taken together, our findings suggest that the current database is suitable for future research on music and emotions. Additional theoretical and practical implications of this validation are discussed.

The systematic study of how subtle forms of bias related to prosocial behavior operate in racial and gender relations

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-121
Author(s):  
Silvia Abad-Merino ◽  
John F. Dovidio ◽  
Carmen Tabernero ◽  
Ignacio González
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Behavior

Psychological research and theory have traditionally focused on bias and conflict between separate groups. Our central thesis is that the processes that shape hierarchical group relations within a society are distinctive and typically operate in ways that are frequently subtle rather than blatant. The challenges of detecting new subtle forms of bias are receiving considerable attention in the field of social psychology, internationally. Although explicit hostility toward minority groups seems to have faded in modern societies, cross-cultural data show that the status, resources, and the power of women and ethnic/racial minorities remain unequal. The present literature review integrates the findings of cross-cultural research showing the role of paternalistic legitimizing ideas and behavior for establishing, maintaining, and reinforcing group hierarchy and the disadvantage of members of traditionally underrepresented groups. Specifically, we explain how intergroup helping relations can be used as a mechanism to maintain social advantage in racial and gender relations. These theoretical and experimental insights help illuminate the dynamics of relations between socially linked groups and the nature of contemporary bias. We also highlight how this perspective suggests novel and productive directions for future research.

Television's Role in Family Interaction

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRENE F. GOODMAN
Keyword(s):  
Family Systems ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Television Use ◽  
The Family ◽  
Shed Light

The purpose of this article is to argue that exploring the role of television in family life is not solely a matter of studying its effects on family members; it also involves looking at TV as a phenomenon that serves a whole range of social purposes the study of which can shed light on general family functioning. In this review, existing theoretical models and research are discussed in order to show why a new model—family systems—is being proposed. The application of the family systems model to the arena of television use in the family is one that has not been previously explored. Emphasis will be placed on two family systems principles that are important in the study of the family's use of and interaction around television. Current measurement techniques will be examined to illustrate that a new approach, reflecting interaction and process, is needed. Components of a family systems model—structure, development, and adaptation—are adapted in order to discuss TV's function in the family. Suggestions for future research and implications for therapy are offered.

scholarly journals Relationship of Personality Traits and Gender Role Attitudes: A Comparison of Traditional and non- Traditional Professionals

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Khaizran Zahra ◽  
Rubina Hanif .
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study was conducted to examine the relationship of personality traits (i.e., dominance, self-acceptance, self-control, flexibility, sociability, capacity for status and communality) and Gender Role attitudes among professionals of traditional and non-traditional occupations using selected scales from Urdu Version of California Personality Inventory (CPI) and Gender Role Attitudes Scale. A sample of 152 professionals from traditional and non-traditional occupations (criteria of defining traditional and nontraditional professions were based on literature). The findings suggested positive relationship among personality traits and gender role attitudes. The linear Regression analysis showed predicting role of personality traits for gender role attitudes. The significant differences were found on personality traits, gender role attitudes among traditional and non-traditional professionals, and gender as well. In addition, implications and limitations, as well as directions for future research are discussed.

Nationalism, Citizenship, and Gender

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce P. Kaufman ◽  
Kristen P. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Feminist Literature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Shed Light

Nationalism and the nation-state are both intimately connected to citizenship. Citizenship and nationalism are also linked to gender, as all three concepts play a key role in the process of state-building and state-maintenance as well as in the interaction between states, whether overtly or covertly. Yet women do not figure in the analysis of nationalism and citizenship in the mainstream literature, a gap that feminists have been trying to fill. By interrogating gender, along with the notions of masculinity and femininity, feminist international relations (IR) scholars shed light into the ways that gender is socially constructed. They also investigate the historical process of state formation and show where women are located in nationalist movements. Furthermore, by unpacking the sovereign state, feminist scholars have argued that while mainstream IR views the state as a rational, unitary actor, states are actually gendered entities. Two kinds of feminist literature in IR in regards to the state can be identified: women and the state (how women are excluded in terms of the public–private divide, and through citizenship), and gender and the state (gendered states). In general, feminist scholarship has led to a more complete understanding of the gender-citizenship-nationalism nexus. Nevertheless, some avenues for future research deserve consideration, such as the political and cultural exclusions of women and others in society, the inequalities that exist within states, whether there is such a thing as a “Comparative Politics of Gender,” and the concept of “global citizenship.”

Determinants of information communication and smart home automation technology adoption for aging-in-place

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Sajay Arthanat ◽  
Hong Chang ◽  
John Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Aging In Place ◽  
Home Automation ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Home Safety ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Automation Technology ◽  
Significant Direct Effect

Purpose Smart home (SH) internet of things can promote home safety, health monitoring and independence of older adults to age-in-place. Despite its commercial growth, low adoption rates of the technology among aging consumers remain a major barrier. The purpose of this study is to examine SH technology ownership of older adults and its causal pathways with demographics, health and functioning, home safety and information communication technology (ICT) use. Design/methodology/approach A survey on technology-mediated aging-in-place was completed by 447 respondents, 65 years and older. Structural equation modeling was used to underscore the causal pathways among demographics, health, independence and home safety, ICT and home automation technology adoption. Findings The study found that ICT usability, home security and independence have a significant direct effect on SH ownership. Demographics had no significant direct effect, but its influence was mediated through ICT usability. With home safety as mediator, physical impairment, falls and accidents and independence had a significant association with SH ownership. Similarly, increased social support (mediated through home security) decreased the probability of SH automation ownership. Originality/value The findings signify the perceived usefulness of SH automation as theorized in technology acceptance models.

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