Modeling the Dynamics of Innovation in Engineered Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Michel Naim ◽  
Kemper Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Culinary Arts ◽  
Dimensional Growth ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Performance Capability ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

Innovation in engineering design remains a topic that lacks a formal and consistent framework. It is difficult developing a consistent definition of innovation since it is a phenomenon that is multidisciplinary in nature and present in every facet of our lives from engineering products to the performing and culinary arts. It is thus important to distinguish the general definition of innovation with its applicability in the engineering domain. Furthermore, the dynamic nature of innovation is oftentimes lost when designers try to model innovation in a complex system. The reality is that the perceived engineering innovation in a complex system can be influenced at various levels. It is thus important to provide a tool for designers that provides a clear understanding of the effects of technological progress on the overall performance capability of a complex system. This paper provides a framework to model engineering innovation in engineered systems by introducing an N-Dimensional Growth Model and applying it in the early stages of a design process in order to assist the designer in the selection of technologically innovative concepts.

Defining Sustainment for Engineered Systems—A Technology and Systems View

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Sandborn ◽  
William Lucyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Popular Media ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Engineering Culture ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Systems View

Sustainment and sustainability are concepts that have pervaded recent engineering culture. Although the popular media often associates sustainability with environmental and socio-ecological constructs, it is a widely used and understood concept with application to many technology, system, and business areas that extend beyond a socio-ecological context. This paper discusses the usage of the term sustainment, proposes a general definition of sustainment that conflates ecological, social, political, economic and technological interests, and provides recommendations that broaden the perspective.

Finding the Maximal Cutter for 2-D Milling Operations

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyang Yao ◽  
Satyandra K. Gupta ◽  
Dana S. Nau
Keyword(s):  
General Definition ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Geometric Algorithm ◽  
High Production Rate ◽  
Milling Operations ◽  
High Production ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Finding the biggest cutter is expected to help in the selection of the right sets of tools and the right type of cutter trajectories, and thereby ensure high production rate and meet the required quality level. In this paper, we describe a new geometric algorithm to determine the biggest feasible cutter size for 2-D milling operations to be performed using a single cutter. Our algorithm works not only for the common closed pocket problem, but also for the general 2-D milling problems with open edges. In particular: • We give a general definition of the problem as the task of covering a target region without interfering with an obstruction region. This definition encompasses the task of milling a general 2-D profile that includes both open and closed edges. • We discuss three alternative definitions of what it means for a cutter to be feasible, and explain which of these definitions is most appropriate for the above problem. • We present a geometric algorithm for finding the maximal cutter for 2-D milling operations, and we give an outline of a proof that our algorithm is correct.

Selection and Preparation of Specific Tissue Regions For Tem Using Large Epoxy-Embedded Blocks

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 324-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Lowrie ◽  
W. S. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Embedded Blocks ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Selection Of

The importance of examining stained 1 to 2μ plastic sections by light microscopy has long been recognized, both for increased definition of many histologic features and for selection of specimen samples to be used in ultrastructural studies. Selection of specimens with specific orien ation relative to anatomical structures becomes of critical importance in ultrastructural investigations of organs such as the lung. The uantity of blocks necessary to locate special areas of interest by random sampling is large, however, and the method is lacking in precision. Several methods have been described for selection of specific areas for electron microscopy using light microscopic evaluation of paraffin, epoxy-infiltrated, or epoxy-embedded large blocks from which thick sections were cut. Selected areas from these thick sections were subsequently removed and re-embedded or attached to blank precasted blocks and resectioned for transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

A Comparison of Four Adolescent Language Tests

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jane Lieberman ◽  
Ann Marie C. Heffron ◽  
Stephanie J. West ◽  
Edward C. Hutchinson ◽  
Thomas W. Swem
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sixth Grade Students ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Selection Of

Four recently developed adolescent language tests, the Fullerton Test for Adolescents (FLTA), the Test of Adolescent Language (TOAL), the Clinical Evaluation of Language Functions (CELF), and the Screening Test of Adolescent Language (STAL), were compared to determine: (a) whether they measured the same language skills (content) in the same way (procedures); and (b) whether students performed similarly on each of the tests. First, respective manuals were reviewed to compare selection of subtest content areas and subtest procedures. Then, each of the tests was administered according to standardized procedures to 30 unselected sixth-grade students. Despite apparent differences in test content and procedures, there was no significant difference in students' performance on three of the four tests, and correlations among test performance were moderate to high. A comparison of the pass/fail rates for overall performance on the tests, however, revealed a significant discrepancy between the proportions of students identified in need of further evaluation on the STAL (20%) and the proportion diagnosed as language impaired on the three diagnostic tests (60-73%). Clinical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals A remark on local fractional calculus and ordinary derivatives

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1122-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Almeida ◽  
Małgorzata Guzowska ◽  
Tatiana Odzijewicz
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Calculus ◽  
Fractional Derivative ◽  
Short Note ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Local Fractional Derivative ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Local Fractional Calculus ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractIn this short note we present a new general definition of local fractional derivative, that depends on an unknown kernel. For some appropriate choices of the kernel we obtain some known cases. We establish a relation between this new concept and ordinary differentiation. Using such formula, most of the fundamental properties of the fractional derivative can be derived directly.

scholarly journals AB0677 REVISING THE DEFINITION OF REACTIVE ARTHRITIS AND DIFFERENTIATION FROM UNDIFFERENTIATED SPONDYLOARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1633.2-1634
Author(s):  
F. Cosan ◽  
O. M. Gedar
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Reactive Arthritis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Undifferentiated Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Classical Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Background:Reactive arthritis (ReA) is defined by 1999 ACR criteria as arthritis preceding a bacterial genitourinary (GUS) or gastrointestinal (GIS) infection in 3 days-6 weeks and evidence of triggering infection. Recently, ReA is classified as SpA and patients who do not fulfill SpA criteria are classified as undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (USpA) according to ASAS/EULAR SpA classification criteria.Objectives:In several case reports which are associated with other infective agents are reported and the definition is extended for some clinicians so that SpA which is occurred after any infection is called as ReA. On the other hand, some researchers still accept the classical definition of ReA. The problem with the heterogeneity of opinions and unstandardized definition of ReA hinders studies about pathogenesis and standardization of treatments. In this study, we aimed to determine the spectrum of the use of the definition of reactive arthritis in publications in PubMed between 2009-2019.Methods:The ReA keyword is searched in PubMed for the years between 2009-2019. 248 different publications have been identified and included in this research. 89 articles, 47 reviews, 108 case reports, 2 guidelines, and 2 editorials reviewed for the definition of ReA.Results:Only 42.7% (106 patients) of these publications meet the classical definition which suggests ReA after only GIS and GUS infections. In 4 (1.6%) of the publications ReA was defined after GIS, GUS and oropharyngeal infections; in 3 (1,2%) of the publications after any bacterial infection; in 9 (3.6%) of the publications after any infection. In 8 (3.2%) of the publications, ReA and USPA was used correspondingly. In 39 (15,7%) of the publications the term agent related, ReA was used without making a general definition for ReA. 79 publications (31,9%) have not defined ReA.According to causative agent and ReA relationship, in 64 (24,6%) general infective agents, in 75 (30,2%) classical agents, in 22 (8,9%) other bacterial agents, in 23 (9,3%) streptococcus, in 10(4%) intravesical BCG, in 6 (2.4%) HIV, in 6 (2.4%) tuberculosis, in 12 (4,8%) clostrudium difficle, in 2 (0.8%) parasites were reported. In 31 (12,5%) of the publications the causative agent for the ReA was unknown, the diagnosis was made clinically.Conclusion:In this study, it is aimed to draw attention terminology intricacy and the need for the standardization of the definition of ReA and USpA. It is clear that to standardize the definition of Rea and USpA is necessary. Between 2009-2019 there are reported cases diagnosed as ReA associated with bacterial infections (especially with Clostridium difficile, streptococcus and tuberculosis infections), and viral infections (by a majority with HIV), and parasitic infections. It is not clear if we need to define them classically or define them as USPA. Another important consideration is the necessity of extended laboratory investigations to find out the real causative agent even if the patient is clinically diagnosed with ReA. The requirement of the differentiation between ReA and USpA must be revealed for therapeutic researches.References:[1]A proposal for the classification of patients for clinical and experimental studies on reactive arthritis. Pacheco-Tena C, Burgos-Vargas R, Vázquez-Mellado J, Cazarín J, Pérez-Díaz JA. J Rheumatol. 1999 Jun;26(6):1338-46.[2]The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society classification criteria for peripheral spondyloarthritis and for spondyloarthritis in general. Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Landewé R, Akkoc N, Brandt J, Chou CT, Dougados M, Huang F, Gu J, Kirazli Y, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:25–31.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Promotion of Resilience in Migrants: A Systematic Review of Study and Psychosocial Intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ciaramella ◽  
Nadia Monacelli ◽  
Livia Concetta Eugenia Cocimano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychosocial Intervention ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to contribute to a better and more focused understanding of the link between the concept of resilience and psychosocial interventions in the migrant population. The research questions concerned the type of population involved, definition of resilience, methodological choices and which intervention programmes were targeted at migrants. In the 90 articles included, an heterogeneity in defining resilience or not well specified definition resulted. Different migratory experiences were not adequately considered in the selection of participants. Few resilience interventions on migrants were resulted. A lack of procedure’s descriptions that keep in account specific migrants’ life-experiences and efficacy’s measures were highlighted.

scholarly journals A lattice-theoretic characterization of pure subgroups of Abelian groups

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ferrara ◽  
M. Trombetti
Keyword(s):  
Abelian Group ◽  
Abelian Groups ◽  
Subgroup Lattice ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Theoretic Characterization ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractLet G be an abelian group. The aim of this short paper is to describe a way to identify pure subgroups H of G by looking only at how the subgroup lattice $$\mathcal {L}(H)$$ L ( H ) embeds in $$\mathcal {L}(G)$$ L ( G ) . It is worth noticing that all results are carried out in a local nilpotent context for a general definition of purity.

scholarly journals Proportional lumpability and proportional bisimilarity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Marin ◽  
Carla Piazza ◽  
Sabina Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Markov Chains ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
State Aggregation ◽  
Structural Regularity ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Aggregation Technique ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractIn this paper, we deal with the lumpability approach to cope with the state space explosion problem inherent to the computation of the stationary performance indices of large stochastic models. The lumpability method is based on a state aggregation technique and applies to Markov chains exhibiting some structural regularity. Moreover, it allows one to efficiently compute the exact values of the stationary performance indices when the model is actually lumpable. The notion of quasi-lumpability is based on the idea that a Markov chain can be altered by relatively small perturbations of the transition rates in such a way that the new resulting Markov chain is lumpable. In this case, only upper and lower bounds on the performance indices can be derived. Here, we introduce a novel notion of quasi-lumpability, named proportional lumpability, which extends the original definition of lumpability but, differently from the general definition of quasi-lumpability, it allows one to derive exact stationary performance indices for the original process. We then introduce the notion of proportional bisimilarity for the terms of the performance process algebra PEPA. Proportional bisimilarity induces a proportional lumpability on the underlying continuous-time Markov chains. Finally, we prove some compositionality results and show the applicability of our theory through examples.

scholarly journals Getting to Hope: Perspectives from Patients and Caregivers Living with Chronic Childhood Illness

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Emily von Scheven ◽  
Bhupinder K. Nahal ◽  
Rosa Kelekian ◽  
Christina Frenzel ◽  
Victoria Vanderpoel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Virtual Focus Groups ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Chronic Childhood ◽  
Research Studies

Promoting hope was identified in our prior work as the top priority research question among patients and caregivers with diverse childhood-onset chronic conditions. Here, we aimed to construct a conceptual model to guide future research studies of interventions to improve hope. We conducted eight monthly virtual focus groups and one virtual workshop with patients, caregivers, and researchers to explore key constructs to inform the model. Discussions were facilitated by Patient Co-Investigators. Participants developed a definition of hope and identified promotors and inhibitors that influence the experience of hope. We utilized qualitative methods to analyze findings and organize the promotors and inhibitors of hope within three strata of the socio-ecologic framework: structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Participants identified three types of interventions to promote hope: resources, navigation, and activities to promote social connection. The hope conceptual model can be used to inform the selection of interventions to assess in future research studies aimed at improving hope and the specification of outcome measures to include in hope research studies. Inclusion of the health care system in the model provides direction for identifying strategies for improving the system and places responsibility on the system to do better to promote hope among young patients with chronic illness and their caregivers.

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