Contrasting Function With Affordance in Design for Additive Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunwoong Ko ◽  
Seung Ki Moon
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase ◽  
User Centric ◽  
Design Freedom ◽  
Mass Personalization

Additive Manufacturing (AM)’s advance from rapid prototyping to the end-of-use products inevitably challenges conventional design theories and methodologies. Especially while adopting systematic engineering design methodologies to design for AM (DfAM), it is essential to develop new design methods that explore the new design space enabled by AM’s design freedom from the early design stage. To address the challenge, this study provides a new design framework and a design method for modeling AM-enabled product behaviors in the conceptual design phase of DfAM. Firstly, this study contrasts function-based methods with affordance-based methods. The device-centric, form independent and input/output-based transformative properties of the function-based methods such as function decompositions have strengths in modeling product’s internal behaviors. However, the function-based methods show limitations in the new area of AM-enabled mass personalization which requires design approaches for representing user-centric structural design requirements acquired only by AM’s design freedom. On the other hand, the affordance-based methods can address the function-based methods in DfAM due to their user-centric (artifact-user interactive), form dependent and non-transformative properties. After the contradiction, we propose an affordance-based DfAM framework and an affordance structure as a formal modeling technique for AM-enabled personalized product behaviors. A case study of a trans-tibial prosthesis socket provides an illustration in this study. The contribution of the study is in developing a design method for the conceptual design phase of DfAM that fulfills the objectives of achieving AM-enabled mass personalization with systematic engineering design approaches.

scholarly journals Conception of Design Principles for Additive Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 689-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Valjak ◽  
Nenad Bojčetić
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Principle ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Product Architecture ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Design Freedom

AbstractAdditive Manufacturing (AM) brought new design freedom and possibilities that enable design and manufacturing of products with new forms and functionalities. To utilise these possibilities a new design approach emerged, Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM), that contains methods and tools for supporting AM oriented design process. Designers working with AM are aware of the need to apply DfAM and AM possibilities in conceptual design phase where they have the most significant influence on product architecture and form but are facing a lack of suitable DfAM approaches for early design phases. Therefore, the presented research is investigating possibilities of storing and representing AM knowledge in the form of design principles to be used in the conceptual design phase. The paper proposes conceiving of Design Principles for Additive Manufacturing repository where formalised AM knowledge is stored in the form of design principles and structured based on function criteria. In the paper, various elements of design principle representation are discussed, as well as their role in the conceptual design process.

Function-Based Design of a Spacecraft Power System Diagnostics Testbed

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S. Hutcheson ◽  
Irem Y. Tumer
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fault Injection ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Internal Fault ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
External Faults

NASA’s Ames Research center is currently designing a testbed to validate and compare potential Integrated System Health Management (ISHM) technologies. The proposed testbed represents a typical power system for a spacecraft and includes components such as a fuel cell, solar cells and redundant batteries. To fulfill design requirements, the testbed must be capable of hosting a wide variety of ISHM technologies including those developed by NASA as well as those developed in the aerospace industry abroad. An internal fault injection subsystem must be built into the system to provide a common interface for evaluating these different ISHM technologies. Additionally, to ensure robust operation of the testbed, the capability to detect and manage external faults must also be present. In order to develop a set of requirements for the internal fault injection subsystems as well as predict external faults, a comprehensive set of potential failures must be identified for all of the components of the testbed. To best aid the development of the testbed, these failures needed to be identified as early as the conceptual design phase, where little is known about the actual components that would comprise the finished system. This paper demonstrates the use a function-based failure mode identification method to identify the potential failures of the testbed during the conceptual design phase. Using this approach, designers can explore the potential failure modes at the functional design stage, before a form or solution has been determined. A function-failure database is used to associate the failures of components from previous design efforts to the testbed based on common functionality. The result is a list of potential failure modes and associated failure rates, which are used to improve the design of the testbed as well as provide a framework for the fault injection subsystem.

A Review of Reliability Principles in Conceptual Design

2011 ◽  
Vol 199-200 ◽  
pp. 583-586
Author(s):  
Yu Lian Cui ◽  
Wei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Reliability Prediction ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Product Reliability ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase

In this paper an attempt has been made to identify certain useful parts that will assist to consider reliability during conceptual design phase. The aim is to provide some thoughts and a toolkit for addressing reliability during the early stages of design, influencing design decisions and product reliability, and reducing the relying on the reliability prediction and expensive experiments in later design stage. Therefore high reliability can be cost-effectively achieved.

scholarly journals Dealing With the Combinatorial Explosion of the Morphological Matrix in a “Manual Engineering Design” Context

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Motte ◽  
Robert Bjärnemo
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Combinatorial Explosion ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase ◽  
Original Number ◽  
Automated Search

The morphological matrix is an important element of the engineering design methodology and is present in many textbooks. This method originally aimed at generating an exhaustive set of solutions for a given problem, by decomposing it into subproblems, finding solutions to each subproblem, and combining them. One issue associated with the morphological matrix has been the necessity to deal with the combinatorial explosions of solutions, especially at the conceptual design phase, when the still fuzzy nature of the design problem precludes the use of automated search for an optimal solution by means of specific algorithms (the “manual engineering design” context), apart from a few exceptions. Several heuristics based on the reduction of the number of combinations are investigated, and their efficiency is assessed. It is showed that the often-recommended compatibility matrix heuristic is the least efficient and can result in overlooking potentially interesting combinations. In fact all heuristics, even combined, generally fail to decrease the number of combinations to a level that can be handled by the designers, unless the original number of combinations is low. However, if one abandons the principle of an exhaustive investigation of the combinations in order to find the “best” solution, it can be showed statistically that the probability of ending up with a “good” concept among a very large number of combinations can be attained. Moreover, it is showed that the number of combinations one is willing to investigate also can contribute to increase this probability. Moreover the experience gained from the first round of investigation can serve as a guide to choose and assess other combinations. Based on those results, some recommendations for using the morphological matrix with all the different heuristics are given. Moreover, this paper discusses and relativizes the importance of the combinatorial explosion issue of morphological matrix compared with some other advantages and shortcomings of the method.

Comparative Evaluation of Engineering Design Concepts Based on Non-Linear Substructuring Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. 15-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladenko Kajtaz ◽  
Aleksandar Subic ◽  
Monir Takla
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase ◽  
Non Linear

The paper presents a novel approach to comparative evaluation of engineering design concepts that exhibit non-linear structural behaviour under load. The developed method has extended the substructures technique in order to apply the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method to complex non-linear structural problems in the conceptual design phase. As conventional FE models based on substructures allow only linear analysis, it was necessary in this research to introduce a new algorithm capable of linearizing non-linear structural problems with sufficient accuracy in order to enable comparative evaluation of design concepts relative to each other under the given constraints and loading conditions. A comparative study with respect to model size, efficiency, accuracy and confidence was performed to validate the developed method. Obtained results indicate significant improvement over more traditional approaches to applying FEA in the conceptual design phase. The improvements achieved using the developed method compared to the traditional FE based approach are superior by a factor of 2.7 in efficiency and by a factor of 4.5 in confidence while not sacrificing the optimality of the solutions.

scholarly journals Optimal Design and Design Parameter Sensitivity Analyses of an eVTOL PAV in the Conceptual Design Phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong-Sul Lee ◽  
Abera Tullu ◽  
Ho-Yon Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
P Value ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Independent Design

An optimization study of an electric vertical takeoff and landing personal air vehicle (eVTOL PAV) was performed during the conceptual design stage using the design of experiments method. In defining the initial problem, a design target parameter was set. The PAV subsystem was based on a configuration tradeoff study matrix, which was used to effectively conduct configuration selection. Initial sizing was performed using the PAV sizing program developed by this research team using Microsoft Excel and Visual Basic for Application (VBA). A screening test was performed to find parameters with high sensitivity among independent design parameters. The response surface method was used to model design target parameters, and a regression equation was estimated using the experimental design method. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to confirm the feasibility of the generated model. To optimize the design independent parameter, a satisfaction function was selected, and the appropriateness of the data was determined using a Pareto plot and p-value.

Development of Automotive FlexBody Chassis Structure in Conceptual Design Phase using Additive Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 9919-9923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Kumar Dama ◽  
Santosh Kumar Malyala ◽  
V Suresh Babu ◽  
R.N. Rao ◽  
Ismail Jani Shaik
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase

Applying Function-Based Failure Propagation in Conceptual Design

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Krus ◽  
Katie Grantham Lough
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase ◽  
Failure Propagation ◽  
Potential Risks

When designing a product, the earlier the potential risks can be identified, the more costs can be saved, as it is easier to modify a design in its early stages. Several methods exist to analyze the risk in a system, but all require a mature design. However, by applying the concept of “common interfaces” to a functional model and utilizing a historical knowledge base, it is possible to analyze chains of failures during the conceptual phase of product design. This paper presents a method based on these “common interfaces” to be used in conjunction with other methods such as Risk in Early Design in order to allow a more complete risk analysis during the conceptual design phase. Finally, application of this method is demonstrated in a design setting by applying it to a thermal control subsystem.

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