Influence of Distributed Reaction Regime on Fuel Reforming

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Scenna ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Fuel Reforming ◽  
Entrained Flow ◽  
Kinetic Information ◽  
Reaction Regime ◽  
Reforming Reactions

Previous works have demonstrated that the Distributed Reaction regime impact on the reformate product distribution. Using previous works, a theory of how the Distributed Reaction regime influences the reformate product composition is provided. Distributed Reaction regime is achieved by entraining exhaust products into the premixed fuel air mixture. As some steam and carbon dioxide will form in the exhaust, it is theorized that the mixing of the entrained flow (containing heat, carbon dioxide, and steam) into the premixed fuel air mixture will promote dry and steam reforming reactions, improving conversion. As kinetic information on reforming literature is limited, the activity and time scales of these reactions were determined from existing experimental data. This was then used to determine which reactions were active under Distributed Reforming conditions.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Distributed Reaction Regime on Fuel Reforming Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Scenna ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Fuel Reforming ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Reaction Regime ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Reforming Reactions

Previous works have demonstrated that the distributed reaction regime improved the reformate product distribution, prevented soot formation, and favored higher hydrogen yields. The experimental data from these works and additional literature focusing on individual reactions provided an insight into how the distributed reaction regime influenced the reformate product composition. The distributed reaction regime was achieved through the controlled entrainment of hot reactive products (containing heat, carbon dioxide, steam and reactive radicals and species) into the premixed fuel air mixture, elongating the chemical time and length scales. High velocity jets enhanced mixing, while shortening the time and length scales associated with transport. As some steam and carbon dioxide will form in the reforming process, it was theorized that the mixing of the entrained flow (containing heat, carbon dioxide, and steam) into the premixed fuel air mixture promoted dry and steam reforming reactions, improving conversion. The available information on chemical kinetics of reformation is rather limited. In this work, the activity and timescales of these reactions were determined from the available experimental data. This was then used to assess which reactions were active under Distributed Reforming conditions. These data help in the design and development of advanced reformers using distributed reforming conditions.

Contribution to the Research and Development of Radiation Chambers in Steam Reforming. Problem-Oriented Application of a Fuzzy Expert System

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2125-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Stehlík ◽  
František Babinec
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Methane Conversion ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Fuzzy Expert System ◽  
Present Contribution

An application of a fuzzy expert system intended for estimating some parameters of steam reforming can also be one of the examples of an ever increasing utilization of expert systems in practice. The present contribution deals with the method making use of a verified mathematical model for simulating thermal chemical processes in reforming furnace radiation chamber in order to create knowledge base. This base includes linguistic values of selected independent and dependent variable quantities. Examples given illustrate an evaluation of dependent variable quantities (methane conversion into carbon dioxide and monoxide, reaction tube service life) by means of the said expert system based on queries.

scholarly journals Melt movement through the Icelandic crust

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2139) ◽  
pp. 20180010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. White ◽  
Marie Edmonds ◽  
John Maclennan ◽  
Tim Greenfield ◽  
Thorbjorg Agustsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Upper Mantle ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Reservoir Architecture ◽  
Rift Zones ◽  
Shallow Crust ◽  
Basaltic Melts

We use both seismology and geobarometry to investigate the movement of melt through the volcanic crust of Iceland. We have captured melt in the act of moving within or through a series of sills ranging from the upper mantle to the shallow crust by the clusters of small earthquakes it produces as it forces its way upward. The melt is injected not just beneath the central volcanoes, but also at discrete locations along the rift zones and above the centre of the underlying mantle plume. We suggest that the high strain rates required to produce seismicity at depths of 10–25 km in a normally ductile part of the Icelandic crust are linked to the exsolution of carbon dioxide from the basaltic melts. The seismicity and geobarometry provide complementary information on the way that the melt moves through the crust, stalling and fractionating, and often freezing in one or more melt lenses on its way upwards: the seismicity shows what is happening instantaneously today, while the geobarometry gives constraints averaged over longer time scales on the depths of residence in the crust of melts prior to their eruption. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Magma reservoir architecture and dynamics'.

Carbonation possibilities of Steel slags -- a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Ragipani ◽  
Sankar Bhattacharya ◽  
Akkihebbal K. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration ◽  
Mineral Carbonation ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Significant Attention

Research pertaining to carbon dioxide sequestration via mineral carbonation has gained significant attention, primarily due to the stability of sequestered \ce{CO2} over geological time scales. Use of industry-derived alkaline wastes...

Silica Sol-Gel Supported Nickel Nano-Catalyst for Hydrogen Production Using Microreactors

2005 ◽  
Vol 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krithi Shetty ◽  
Shihuai Zhao ◽  
Wei Cao ◽  
Naidu V. Seetala ◽  
Debasish Kuila
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Supported Catalyst ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Methanol ◽  
Nano Catalyst ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reforming Reactions

ABSTRACTThe goal of this research is to investigate the activities of a non-noble nano-catalyst (Ni/SiO2) using Si-microreactors for steam reforming of methanol to produce hydrogen for fuel cells. The supported catalyst was synthesized by sol-gel method using Ni (II) salts and Si(C2H5O)4 as starting materials. EDX results indicate that the actual loading of Ni (5-6%) is lower than the intended loading of 12 %. The specific surface area of the silica sol-gel encapsulated Ni nano-catalyst is 452 m2/g with an average pore size of ∼ 3 nm. Steam reforming reactions have been carried out in a microreactor with 50 µm channels in the temperature range of 180-240 °C and atmospheric pressure. Results show 53% conversion of methanol with a selectivity of 74 % to hydrogen at 5 l/min and 200 °C. The magnetic properties of the catalysts were performed using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) to study the activity of the catalysts before and after the steam reforming reactions. The VSM results indicate much higher activity in the microreactor compared to macro-reactor and Ni forms non-ferromagnetic species faster in the microreactor.

scholarly journals Continuous-flow Heck synthesis of 4-methoxybiphenyl and methyl 4-methoxycinnamate in supercritical carbon dioxide expanded solvent solutions

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2886-2897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phei Li Lau ◽  
Ray W K Allen ◽  
Peter Styring
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Methyl Acrylate ◽  
Heck Reaction ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Palladium Metal ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

The palladium metal catalysed Heck reaction of 4-iodoanisole with styrene or methyl acrylate has been studied in a continuous plug flow reactor (PFR) using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as the solvent, with THF and methanol as modifiers. The catalyst was 2% palladium on silica and the base was diisopropylethylamine due to its solubility in the reaction solvent. No phosphine co-catalysts were used so the work-up procedure was simplified and the green credentials of the reaction were enhanced. The reactions were studied as a function of temperature, pressure and flow rate and in the case of the reaction with styrene compared against a standard, stirred autoclave reaction. Conversion was determined and, in the case of the reaction with styrene, the isomeric product distribution was monitored by GC. In the case of the reaction with methyl acrylate the reactor was scaled from a 1.0 mm to 3.9 mm internal diameter and the conversion and turnover frequency determined. The results show that the Heck reaction can be effectively performed in scCO2 under continuous flow conditions with a palladium metal, phosphine-free catalyst, but care must be taken when selecting the reaction temperature in order to ensure the appropriate isomer distribution is achieved. Higher reaction temperatures were found to enhance formation of the branched terminal alkene isomer as opposed to the linear trans-isomer.

Active site separation of photocatalytic steam reforming of methane using Gas‐Phase Photoelectrochemical system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Kujirai ◽  
Akira Yamaguchi ◽  
Takeshi Fujita ◽  
Hideki Abe ◽  
Masahiro Miyauchi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
System P ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Methane

Steam reforming of methane (SRM) requires high temperatures to be promoted, and the production of carbon dioxide from the side reaction has also become a problem. In this study, we...

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