Origins of Design Principles: The Case of Nuclear Reactor Design Projects

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Verma
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Reactor Design ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Design Projects ◽  
Future Work

Through a cross-sectional study of reactor design projects, this work explores the origins of design principles. The analysis of in-depth, open ended interviews with reactor designers reveals that there are design principles of which practitioners are aware (self-aware principles), and those principles recurring across projects which designers implicitly use in their work (naive principles). This analysis suggests that the ability of practitioners to generate principles is a function of the development of the domain of design and of its particular technologies. Larger the menu of prior designs, greater is the ability of practitioners to generate principles on which to base future work. In closing, and based on the analysis of interviews with reactor designers, I propose a set of criteria for use by design researchers developing design principles for practitioners.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Sepsis in Nursing Students—A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12443
Author(s):  
Gloria Valičević ◽  
Adriano Friganović ◽  
Biljana Kurtović ◽  
Cecilija Rotim ◽  
Sanja Ledinski Fičko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Core Curriculum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing Students ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing ◽  
Future Work

Background: Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an unregulated host response to infection. The emphasis is on the imbalance of homeostasis and the response to infection, as well as mortality and the importance of recognizing sepsis as early as possible. The knowledge of undergraduate nursing students is an extremely important indicator for future work in the healthcare system after graduation. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of knowledge about sepsis among undergraduate nursing students and to compare differences in different years of study, as well as differences in their study model. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 618 nursing students at the University of Applied Health Sciences in Zagreb, Croatia. All three years of study and both full-time and part-time (employed) nursing students were included. The questionnaire “Determinants of Sepsis Knowledge” was used in the research. Results: The percentage and number of third-year students who correctly answered the items on Knowledge of Sepsis were statistically significant compared to the first two years of study. The percentage and number of employed students who responded correctly to the items on Knowledge of Sepsis were statistically significant compared to students who were not employed. Conclusions: The ability of nursing students to recognize and respond to the deterioration in a patient’s condition due to sepsis is very important, so appropriate education about sepsis is essential. We recommend a greater representation of sepsis content in the core curriculum of nursing students’ education in terms of theoretical instruction and clinical and simulation exercises.

scholarly journals “Can you hear me now?” Video conference coping strategies and experience during COVID-19 and beyond

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hannah Johns ◽  
Emma L Burrows ◽  
Venesha Rethnam ◽  
Sharon Kramer ◽  
Julie Bernhardt
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Video Conferencing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Work Practices ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dress Code ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Future Work

BACKGROUND: During COVID-19 the workforce quickly adapted to using existing video-conferencing tools in order to work from home. OBJECTIVE: To explore use and experience of remote video-facilitated work practices in response to COVID-19: termed ‘COVID Response Zoom-style Interactions (CRAZI)’. METHODS: A cross sectional study via a 66-item online survey for health and medical research and education sector workers. The survey included 8 sections: 1) pre-COVID video-conferencing meeting habits, 2) CRAZI meeting habits, 3) socialising, 4) CRAZI fashion, 5) behaviour standards, 6) family life, 7) future work, 8) participant demographics. Main outcomes were pre-COVID to CRAZI differences in frequency, length and type of video-based meetings, and video-conferencing experience. RESULTS: 202 participants, mostly Australian (median age 36–45, IQR 26–55 years) completed the survey. Women-to-men ratio was 3 : 1, 44.6%had children. COVID-19 changed video-conferencing frequency and maximum meeting size. Most participants found CRAZI meetings tiring and hard. Casual clothes dominated dress code (71.1%), pets were commonly seen. “Can you hear me now” was a commonly heard phrase. Good and bad behaviour were described, with formal codes of CRAZI conduct missing (58.7%) or unknown (21.9%). 76.6%of participants observed a child interrupting a CRAZI meeting, parents were mostly female. Despite challenges, most participants (76.6%) favoured video-conferencing post-pandemic, but preference for continuing to work from home varied. CONCLUSIONS: CRAZI work, while tiring, has fostered different work-practices that may continue beyond the pandemic. Working from home with children adds joy for others, but complexity for workers. Pets may help owners and co-workers cope with the pandemic.

scholarly journals Interprovincial Variation of Psychotropic Prescriptions Dispensed to Older Canadian Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody D. Black ◽  
Lisa McCarthy ◽  
Tara Gomes ◽  
Muhammad Mamdani ◽  
David Juurlink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Work

BackgroundUtilization of psychotropic medications among the elderly has garnered attention due to concerns about safety and degree of efficacy, but may be used differently across regions.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of all antipsychotic, benzodiazepine, and trazodone prescriptions dispensed to seniors ( ≥ 65 years) leveraging IQVIA (Durham, NC) GPM data in 2013. We report the units dispensed (per 100 seniors) by province.ResultsNationally, on average, 26,210 units of antipsychotics, 24,257 of benzodiazepines, and 7,519 of trazodone were dispensed in 2013 for every 100 seniors; reports varied across Canada.The rate of antipsychotic and benzodiazepine prescribing was highest in New Brunswick (AP: 35,375 units per 100, BZD: 43,989 units per 100), and lowest in Newfoundland & Labrador for antipsychotics (20,974 per 100) and Saskatchewan for benzodiazepines (12,692 per 100). Trazodone unit dispensation rates were highest in Nova Scotia (9,164 per 100) and lowest in Newfoundland & Labrador (2,968 per 100).ConclusionsThere is considerable geographic variation in the prescribing patterns of antipsychotics, benzodiazepine, and trazodone. This study serves as the first step in understanding these differences, while future work is needed to develop region specific strategies to optimize the prescribing of psychotropic medications to older Canadian adults.

Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Klein ◽  
Barbara J. Amster
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

Confidence toward vaccination as reported by parents of children admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study

Vacunas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.M. AlGoraini ◽  
N.N. AlDujayn ◽  
M.A. AlRasheed ◽  
Y.E. Bashawri ◽  
S.S. Alsubaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Conflict Avoidance in Old Age

GeroPsych ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Oberhauser ◽  
Andreas B. Neubauer ◽  
Eva-Marie Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Conflict Avoidance ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Set Up

Abstract. Conflict avoidance increases across the adult lifespan. This cross-sectional study looks at conflict avoidance as part of a mechanism to regulate belongingness needs ( Sheldon, 2011 ). We assumed that older adults perceive more threats to their belongingness when they contemplate their future, and that they preventively react with avoidance coping. We set up a model predicting conflict avoidance that included perceptions of future nonbelonging, termed anticipated loneliness, and other predictors including sociodemographics, indicators of subjective well-being and perceived social support (N = 331, aged 40–87). Anticipated loneliness predicted conflict avoidance above all other predictors and partially mediated the age-association of conflict avoidance. Results suggest that belongingness regulation accounts may deepen our understanding of conflict avoidance in the second half of life.

Internalizing Behavior During the Transition from Childhood to Adolescence

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Vierhaus ◽  
Arnold Lohaus ◽  
Indra Shah
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Graders ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The One

This investigation focuses on the question whether assessments of the development of internalizing behavior from childhood to adolescence are affected by the kind of research design (longitudinal versus cross-sectional). Two longitudinal samples of 432 second-graders and 366 fourth graders participated in a longitudinal study with subsequent measurements taken 1, 2, and 3 years later. A third sample consisting of 849 children covering the same range of grades participated in a cross-sectional study. The results show that the development of internalizing symptoms in girls – but not in boys – varies systematically with the research design. In girls, there is a decrease of internalizing symptoms (especially between the first two timepoints) in the longitudinal assessment, which may reflect, for example, the influence of strain during the first testing situation. Both longitudinal trajectories converge to a common trajectory from grade 2 to grade 7 when controlling for this “novelty-distress effect.” Moreover, when we control this effect, the slight but significant decrease characterizing the common trajectory becomes similar to the one obtained in the cross-sectional study. Therefore, trajectories based on longitudinal assessments may suggest more changes with regard to internalizing symptoms over time than actually take place, while trajectories based on cross-sectional data may be characterized by an increased level of internalizing symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document