Learning Human Search Strategies From a Crowdsourcing Game

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thurston Sexton ◽  
Max Yi Ren
Keyword(s):  
Search Strategy ◽  
Bayesian Optimization ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Solution Path ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Inverse Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Learning Capability ◽  
And Control

There is evidence that humans can be more efficient than existing algorithms at searching for good solutions in high-dimensional and non-convex design or control spaces, potentially due to our prior knowledge and learning capability. This work attempts to quantify the search strategy of human beings to enhance a Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm for an optimal design and control problem. We consider the sequence of human solutions as generated from BO, and propose to recover the algorithmic parameters of BO by maximizing the likelihood of the observed solution path. The method is different from inverse reinforcement learning (where an optimal control solution is learned based on human demonstrations) in that the latter requires near-optimal solutions from humans, while we only require the existence of a good search strategy. The method is first verified through simulation studies and then applied to the human solutions crowdsourced through a gamification of the problem under study [1]. We learn BO parameters from a player with a demonstrated good search strategy and show that applying the BO algorithm with these parameters to the game noticeably improves the convergence of the search from using a default BO setting.

scholarly journals Learning an Optimization Algorithm Through Human Design Iterations

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thurston Sexton ◽  
Max Yi Ren
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Real World ◽  
Bayesian Optimization ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
The One ◽  
Lack Of Commitment ◽  
And Control

Solving optimal design problems through crowdsourcing faces a dilemma: On the one hand, human beings have been shown to be more effective than algorithms at searching for good solutions of certain real-world problems with high-dimensional or discrete solution spaces; on the other hand, the cost of setting up crowdsourcing environments, the uncertainty in the crowd's domain-specific competence, and the lack of commitment of the crowd contribute to the lack of real-world application of design crowdsourcing. We are thus motivated to investigate a solution-searching mechanism where an optimization algorithm is tuned based on human demonstrations on solution searching, so that the search can be continued after human participants abandon the problem. To do so, we model the iterative search process as a Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm and propose an inverse BO (IBO) algorithm to find the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) of the BO parameters based on human solutions. We show through a vehicle design and control problem that the search performance of BO can be improved by recovering its parameters based on an effective human search. Thus, IBO has the potential to improve the success rate of design crowdsourcing activities, by requiring only good search strategies instead of good solutions from the crowd.

scholarly journals Developing Pandemic Prevention and Control by ANP-QFD Approach: A Case Study on Urban Furniture Design in China Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2653
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Khairul Manami Kamarudin ◽  
Yuqi Liu ◽  
Jinzhi Zou
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Furniture Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
And Control

Background: An infectious disease can affect human beings at an alarming speed in modern society, where Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a worldwide pandemic, posing grave threats to public security and the social economies. However, as one of the closest attachments of urban dwellers, urban furniture hardly contributes to pandemic prevention and control. Methods: Given this critical challenge, this article aims to propose a feasible solution to coping with pandemic situations through urban furniture design, using an integrated method of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Analytic Network Process (ANP). Eight communities in China are selected as the research sites, since people working and living in these places have successful experience preventing and containing pandemics. Results: Three user requirements (URs), namely, usability and easy access, sanitation, and health and emotional pleasure, are determined. Meanwhile, seven design requirements (DRs) are identified, including contact reduction, effective disinfection, good appearance, social and cultural symbols, ergonomics, smart system and technology and sustainability. The overall priorities of URs and DRs and their inner dependencies are subsequently determined through the ANP-QFD method, comprising the House of Quality (HQQ). According to the theoretical results, we propose five design strategies for pandemic prevention and control. Conclusion: It is demonstrated that the incorporated method of ANP-QFD has applicability and effectiveness in the conceptual product design process. This article can also provide a new perspective for pandemic prevention and control in densely populated communities in terms of product design and development.

Flight Simulation for Research

1964 ◽  
Vol 68 (646) ◽  
pp. 645-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Perry ◽  
J. M. Naish
Keyword(s):  
Flight Simulation ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Aircraft Control ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Stability And Control ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Aircraft Stability And Control ◽  
Vtol Aircraft

SummarySome of the uses of ground based flight simulation as a research tool to aid the design of new aircraft and their equipment are described. The function of the simulator is to provide a method for investigating humon flying tasks in the laboratory, so that the relationship between the pilot's capabilities and the equipment's characteristics can be systematically studied. The paper is presented in two parts describing recent work on two research simulators at the RAE.Part I deals with the use of simulation for studying aircraft stability and control characteristics. The equipment used at RAE for this work is described, with particular emphasis on methods of presenting to the pilot a simulated view of the outside world, and for reproducing some of the motion cues which he experiences in flight. Experimental evidence of the importance of these simulation cues when making aircraft control assessments is also presented. Several examples of simulation studies into the control of conventional and VTOL aircraft are given, to illustrate the type of research problems in this field which may be tackled and the techniques involved in solving them.

scholarly journals STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI ORANG TUA DENGAN ANAK DALAM RANGKA MEMAHAMI DAN MENGENDALIKAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK (STUDI DI KOTA BATU)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Farid Rusman
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
And Control

The development of children is very important to get serious attention, not only by their parents but also by society and state, because society and state are very concerned about the quality of children in its development until adulthood, to become human beings adult useful for society and for the country. In the context of the development of children into adulthood, children need certain treatment especially from those who are closest to them, that is their parents for their development always in healthy condition both physical, psychological and social. Thus interpersonal communication by parents with their children is important to be observed, to study, especially studies undertaken in order to understand and control the development of their children.                                                                                                                                                                  From their understanding of the various communication strategies they perform, through this study, the researcher derived conclusions about which strategies are more suited to the need to gain an understanding of the development of the child's condition, and which strategies are appropriate to control the development of the children’s condition. Of the 10 cases studied, 5 subjects (cases) developed a swung carrot strategy, 3 cases using a hanging sword strategy, and only 2 cases that developed a catalyst strategy. 

scholarly journals Realtime production scheduling and control systems in smart industry

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (8) ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Wei Weng
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Production Scheduling ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Scheduling Problem ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Scheduling Problems ◽  
Smart Industry ◽  
And Control

For a production system, 'scheduling' aims to find out which machine/worker processes which job at what time to produce the best result for user-set objectives, such as minimising the total cost. Finding the optimal solution to a large scheduling problem, however, is extremely time consuming due to the high complexity. To reduce this time to one instance, Dr Wei Weng, from the Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University in Japan, is leading research projects on developing online scheduling and control systems that provide near-optimal solutions in real time, even for large production systems. In her system, a large scheduling problem will be solved as distributed small problems and information of jobs and machines is collected online to provide results instantly. This will bring two big changes: 1. Large scheduling problems, for which it tends to take days to reach the optimal solution, will be solved instantly by reaching near-optimal solutions; 2. Rescheduling, which is still difficult to be made in real time by optimization algorithms, will be completed instantly in case some urgent jobs arrive or some scheduled jobs need to be changed or cancelled during production. The projects have great potential in raising efficiency of scheduling and production control in future smart industry and enabling achieving lower costs, higher productivity and better customer service.

Control, Alt, Delete? Information Technology and the Human

2019 ◽  
pp. 249-269
Author(s):  
Jeanne Gaakeer
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
And Control ◽  
Modern Technologies

With the German jurist-philosopher-author Juli Zeh chapter 13 asks the jurist to consider the effects of contemporary information technologies on the human. It discusses topics such as privacy, surveillance and control societies in relation to individual autonomy and free will. With Zeh’s novel The Method it shows the consequences of state ideology writ large and it asks the reader to consider in which ways humans are being nudged into complacency by modern technologies that provide all our modern conveniences. It shows that as a result of modern technologies human beings run the risk of being reduced to objects ready to be used for further ordering by others.

scholarly journals Transient bilateral diabetic cataracts in a Brazilian Terrier puppy

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-712
Author(s):  
Carla de Freitas Campos ◽  
Lilian Stefanoni Ferreira ◽  
Marlos Gonçalves Sousa ◽  
Fernanda Gomes Velasque Gama ◽  
José Luiz Laus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Lens Opacity ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
And Control

A case of a Brazilian Terrier puppy presenting diabetic lens opacity that restored transparency after insulin therapy and control of blood glucose levels is reported. This entity has been rarely reported in human beings and has not been reported in dogs before. The rapid glycemic control may have been responsible for the transparency recovery.

Night and Organization Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1513-1527
Author(s):  
Monika Müller
Keyword(s):  
New Materialism ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Time Space ◽  
And Control ◽  
Shed Light

In this essay, I want to shed light on the phenomena of night and nightwork as important topics which have been so far overlooked in organization studies. Inspired by insights of new materialism (Barad), I propose and investigate night as ‘time-space’, and present intertwined dimensions (temporal, spatial, social, material, etc.) of intra-actions between human beings and night. To better understand our intra-actions and entanglements with night, I provide a short historical overview which highlights past attempts to turn nightwork, once a forbidden and ungodly occupation, into a common and laudable one. I then discuss current efforts to manage and control certain dimensions of night (temporal/material and spatial/social) as well as aspects of night and nightwork that are not entirely manageable. The essay advocates going beyond traditional ontological dualisms by stressing our entanglements and intra-actions with night, thus advancing our understanding of nightwork, related bodily limitations and resistance at night. These topics call for further studies of organizations and work at night.

scholarly journals Characteristics, Occurrence, Detection and Detoxification of Aflatoxins in Foods and Feeds

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 644
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Nazhand ◽  
Alessandra Durazzo ◽  
Massimo Lucarini ◽  
Eliana B. Souto ◽  
Antonello Santini
Keyword(s):  
Safety Concern ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Carcinogenic Substances ◽  
And Control ◽  
On Farm

Mycotoxin contamination continues to be a food safety concern globally, with the most toxic being aflatoxins. On-farm aflatoxins, during food transit or storage, directly or indirectly result in the contamination of foods, which affects the liver, immune system and reproduction after infiltration into human beings and animals. There are numerous reports on aflatoxins focusing on achieving appropriate methods for quantification, precise detection and control in order to ensure consumer safety. In 2012, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, M1 and M2 as group 1 carcinogenic substances, which are a global human health concern. Consequently, this review article addresses aflatoxin chemical properties and biosynthetic processes; aflatoxin contamination in foods and feeds; health effects in human beings and animals due to aflatoxin exposure, as well as aflatoxin detection and detoxification methods.

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