Disassembly Knowledge Classification and Potential Application: A Preliminary Analysis on a Washing Machine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Favi ◽  
Michele Germani ◽  
Marco Mandolini ◽  
Marco Marconi
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Washing Machine ◽  
Product Lifecycle ◽  
Product Families ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Knowledge Classification

Circular economy is largely recognized as the univocal economic model that guarantees a long-term sustainability, decoupling the economic growth and the finite resources consumption. As a prerequisite, it requires to realize product closed-loop lifecycles. However, the management of the EoL phase during the design process is a complex task, due to the fact that it is the most far away phase, in terms of time, from the moment of the product conception. For this reason, usually, manufacturers and EoL stakeholders do not actively collaborate in optimizing the product lifecycle performances. This paper wants to overcome this lack proposing a method to formalize, collect and classify the EoL knowledge. The main outcome is a structured database containing positive and negative knowledge about best practices and disassembly problems faced during dismantling activities. The knowledge classification rules are based both on product characteristics (e.g. product families, target components, assembly methods, etc.) and on other more general aspects (e.g. motivations of the disassembly, handling difficulties, etc.). Through the sharing of this knowledge, the gap between design departments and EoL stakeholders can be reduced with the aim to improve EoL performances and the overall resource efficiency. This work is focused on an out-of-service washing machine case study. The product has been manually disassembled by expert operators, observing and rating the significant problems. Their interpretation has allowed to create a set of specific design guidelines, organized according to the defined rules. The classified knowledge has been used by non-expert designers (undergraduate students) as a tool to guide the re-design activities. Different design solutions (e.g. homogenization of screws, reduction of component number, etc.) have been implemented to configure a new washing machine version, improved from the disassemblability point of view. The obtained results have confirmed the usefulness of the disassembly knowledge sharing in supporting Design for EoL activities and, furthermore, in non-skilled operators training. In conclusion, this research work contributes to the state of the art linking stakeholders involved in the Beginning of Life (BoL) with stakeholders responsible of the EoL management. Furthermore, the proposed work leads to relevant improvements in product lifecycle performances. The proposed knowledge database represents the needed resource to effectively extend the producer responsibility and to close the current gap between manufacturers and dismantlers.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Proposal Towards Unambiguous Definitions for Modular Interfaces and Interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2941-2950
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Fiorineschi ◽  
Federico Rotini
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Product Lifecycle ◽  
Modular Products ◽  
Production Strategies ◽  
Structural Point ◽  
The Web

AbstractModularity is acknowledged to provide benefits across the whole product lifecycle. Accordingly, many literature contributions can be found about modularization methods, metrics and definitions. In particular, recent studies focused on the development of heuristic principles for exploiting modularity early in the design process. However, to design modules it is necessary to define their mutual interactions, the related interfaces and their production strategies. Concerning interfaces and interactions, this paper highlights that current definitions are often ambiguous and overlapping each other. Therefore, extracting univocal information about interfaces and interactions of existent modular products could be difficult. This could hinder the identification of comprehensive heuristic design guidelines, about how to design modules from a structural point of view. This paper proposes a new set of interface and interaction definitions, which allows to overcome the flaw observed for current ones. The proposed set and the classical one have been applied on 110 products identified on the web, showing that the new definitions allow to extract more reliable information.

scholarly journals Product Lifecycle Management with the Asset Administration Shell

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Andreas Deuter ◽  
Sebastian Imort
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Product Lifecycle Management ◽  
Product Lifecycle ◽  
Digital Representation ◽  
Holistic Concept ◽  
Standard Interface ◽  
Lifecycle Management

Product lifecycle management (PLM) as a holistic process encompasses the idea generation for a product, its conception, and its production, as well as its operating phase. Numerous tools and data models are used throughout this process. In recent years, industry and academia have developed integration concepts to realize efficient PLM across all domains and phases. However, the solutions available in practice need specific interfaces and tend to be vendor dependent. The Asset Administration Shell (AAS) aims to be a standardized digital representation of an asset (e.g., a product). In accordance with its objective, it has the potential to integrate all data generated during the PLM process into one data model and to provide a universally valid interface for all PLM phases. However, to date, there is no holistic concept that demonstrates this potential. The goal of this research work is to develop and validate such an AAS-based concept. This article demonstrates the application of the AAS in an order-controlled production process, including the semi-automatic generation of PLM-related AAS data. Furthermore, it discusses the potential of the AAS as a standard interface providing a smooth data integration throughout the PLM process.

Functional Requirements for Effective Decision Making in Humanrobot Teams: Lessons Learned from Operational Settings

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-456
Author(s):  
James Tittle ◽  
William Elm ◽  
Scott Potter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Urban Search And Rescue ◽  
Robot Teams

Many environments require humans and robots operating together to accomplish complex and dangerous tasks, but technology-centered designs often support robot navigation but not the mission goals of the organization using the robot. Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) is a particularly valuable domain to identify general functional requirements for effective HRI, and our purpose in this paper is to demonstrate how a CSE approach can lead to valuable design guidelines that more effectively support decision making within Human-Robot teams. Our analysis of HRI in USAR lead us to identify several important guidelines for supporting effective coordination for Human-Robot teams: including (i) enable individual problem holders to have direct control over point-of-view to facilitate active information seeking, and (ii) create common reference frames on shared imagery so different problem holders can remotely coordinate information and actions. Designs based on these guidelines will support a broad class of coordinated activities between team members.

Theory of quantum chemistry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Kostyukov
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Chemistry ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Resource Intensity ◽  
State Educational

The textbook summarizes the basic theories of quantum chemistry. A comparative analysis of the computational efficiency of computational algorithms implementing these theories from the point of view of the ratio "accuracy — resource intensity" is performed. Considerable attention is paid to the problem of accounting for electronic correlation, as well as relativistic quantum chemical effects. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for undergraduate students of higher educational institutions; it can be used by graduate students studying materials science, structural, organic and physical chemistry, molecular biology and biophysics, biotechnology.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC NEGOTIATION AND RELIGIOUS TRANSLATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (08) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Hayat NAJI
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Normal Reader ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Sacred Text ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Target Culture

The translation of religious texts has always been a perilous undertaking, especially when it concerns a sacred text. Indeed, seeing translation as an act of communication requires a knowledge of the communicative parameters that constitute it. The translator-speaker, who plays the role of intermediary, must create an interaction at the level of meaning and its semantic components. From this emerges the role of the addressee as the main protagonist and the only interpretative force of the message. Thus, the process of negotiation manages the translating activity, since the transfer of a message is not only reduced to a process of reformulation of the source text in another language, but, largely exceeds this compartmentalization. We will first discuss the challenges and stakes of the translation of religious texts, which we have chosen to illustrate with examples that make this aspect clear. Then, we will insist on the question of the translation as a semantic negotiation, considering that there is a confrontation between transmitter and receiver from the point of view of knowledge, historical and linguistic references. Indeed, this facet of the pyramid where the cultural dimension of translation and interpretation is played out remains unknown and implicit. It is quite easy to reveal what is related to the cultural, social and historical reality of a particular receiver. But that is not enough to communicate, it is also necessary to question the cultural references of this one, the representations conveyed by the language. Indeed, we have chosen to present examples of the Holy Qur'an translated by translators of different religions, and given that some translations have deviated from the noble mission of translation, in this case, the faithful transmission of the meaning, without any objectivity whatsoever, especially when it is a sacred text whose inimitability is not to be proven or tested. Thus, the difficulty in our choice stems, on the one hand, from the sacred character of the chosen writing, and on the other hand, from the nature of research in this field which is condemned to remain always relative. Since several elements control the translation of the sacred text, namely, the language, the tradition and the personal factors of the translator. Finally, the field of religious translation requires a great deal of precision and neutrality, and a constant rethinking of the fact that the slightest subjective or cultural interpretation could call into question our research work. Thus, when it comes to cultural transfer, the translator's task is to take into consideration the knowledge that already exists in the target culture about the source culture. Indeed, it is necessary to know how to relate the knowledge concerning the target culture to the knowledge via the source culture. The translator is the first receiver who receives and interprets the message; he will therefore try to understand the source culture with his own knowledge and value judgments. The translator is indeed a mediator because he assumes two roles, that of receiver and reader of the source message, however, the translator having a task of reader which must be different from that of the normal reader, since he must undoubtedly appropriate the competence of mediator in communication which crosses with the function of transmitter of the translated message. Moreover, this same message undergoes a second transfer; the target reader receives it and interprets it in turn according to his own ideological and cultural schemes. Thus, the process of the translated text is not limited to a single phase, but, it enchains back and forth during which the text acquires the imprint of the translator who makes the transfer. Without forgetting to negotiate the meaning by respecting all the circumstances of the original text. So, to what extent can this semantic negotiation communicate the said and the unsaid of the text? .

scholarly journals Il castello Colonna di Arnara: dal restauro del monumento alla valorizzazione del borgo antico e del suo territorio

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Cattaneo ◽  
Laura Baratin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Exceptional Case ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medieval Architecture ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Private And Public

The castle Colonna of Arnara: from the restoration of the monument to the enhancement of the ancient village and its territoryThe castle of Arnara, is located in Ciociaria in southern Lazio, in what was once the feud of the Conti of Ceccano. For the territory it is the most important monumental complex of medieval architecture. In fact, despite its small size, it is one of the few examples of fortified architecture still original in its essential lines. This castle represents an exceptional case of sedimentation and stratification, which even today, from its reading, allows us to reconstruct both its historical events and those related to the urban development of the adjacent historic village. Moreover it can be considered of priority importance also from the urbanistic point of view because it represents the first historical nucleus of Arnara. Unfortunately, today, the castle is in a bad state of conservation. With the passing of time its conditions have become more and more aggravated also because of the complex events linked to the various passages of property, of private and public nature, which have strongly influenced the management of the monument. The study of the castle of Arnara is part of the national and international debate that considers participation a key factor for the sustainable enhancement of the cultural heritage, because it promotes greater awareness of its social and economic value. The objective of the research work is to develop, taking the castle as a case study, a new approach that sees cultural heritage (tangible and intangible) as an irreplaceable heritage of knowledge and as a precious resource for economic growth, employment and social cohesion; therefore a cultural heritage seen as a driving force. In the specific case of Colonna Castle, attention has been focused on the importance of being able to activate virtuous circles around this very important place of culture, enhancing its role as a centre of knowledge and incubator of creativity and social innovation.

scholarly journals Economical assessment of an investment related to the establishment of a new farrowing place and pig-rearing building

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Brigitta Zsótér ◽  
Ágnes Milojev
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
The Given

In our research work we aimed at carrying out an economical assessment of an investment and development of substantial volume. The examined project was completed at a pig-farm during which a new farrowing place and pig rearing building were built, as well as the renovation of the existing pig-farm. All of them were financed partly from the firm’s own source, partly from a non-repayable aid granted by the state, and finally from a credit granted by a commercial bank. The term of the credit is 10 years and the return of the investment expected by the investors is 8%, so we carried out our calculations according to these data. We examined the three possible ways of financing the investment from the economical point of view, as a result we proposed three hypotheses. Our hypotheses are: Hypothesis 1 (Case „A”): The investment will be financially recovered within the examined period of 10 years if it is financed from the firm’s own source, the state grant and the bank credit. Hypothesis 2 (Case „B”): The investment can be economically completed within the given period of time if the project meets the costs from the firm’s own source and the credit. Hypothesis 3 (Case „C”): The investment will be economically accomplished within the examined 10 years provided the firm finances the project from their own source and the state grant. In our calculations we used the net present value (NPV), the internal rate of return (IRR), the payback time (PB), the discounted payback time (DPB) and the profitability index (PI) as economy indicators. We carried out our calculations regarding 10 years to be able to compare the results since the term of the granted credit is 10 years, too.  

scholarly journals Challenges for learning neuroradiology in undergraduate medical school: analysis from the students’ point of view

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther de Alencar Araripe Falcão Feitosa ◽  
Luiz Henrique Costa Neto ◽  
Carina de Oliveira Gregório ◽  
Letícia Nobre Limas ◽  
Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Didactic Material

Abstract: Introduction: The teaching of neuroradiology in undergraduate medical school must be seen as an integration tool for the interdisciplinary study of radiology, anatomy and neurology. In practice, there is a limitation on the part of students in acquiring such knowledge, either due to “neurophobia”, or due to the lack of previous anatomical-radiological knowledge and also due to the lack of integrated didactic materials aimed at undergraduate school. However, there are few studies reporting the difficulties encountered by students in learning neuroradiology. Objective: To assess the perception of medical students about learning difficulties in neuroradiology. Method: Quantitative study, carried out with medical students enrolled in the second and seventh semesters of a university in Fortaleza. Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire with 12 yes or no answer questions. The questions addressed the possible difficulties encountered in acquiring neuroradiological knowledge, among them: the lack of targeted didactic material, the lack of integration with neurology, the need for basic radiological and anatomical knowledge, the large volume of content to study, and the limitations of active and traditional methodologies. Results: 181 questionnaires were analyzed. Most students report as difficulties: the need for basic knowledge of radiology (80.1%); neuroanatomy (77.5%); and to correlate radiology and neuroanatomy (70.9%). When comparing the 2nd semester and 7th semester groups, there was a greater tendency to point out the lack of practical knowledge of neurology by 2nd-semester students as a factor of greater difficulty in learning neuroradiology (82.6% versus 67.4 %, with p <0.0018). When asked about the usefulness of creating an e-book aimed at undergraduate students for learning neuroradiology, 85.6% of the students answered affirmatively; in the case of a mobile application, 92.3% agreed. As for the correlation between neuroradiology and medical practice, 98.3% answered that it is useful and necessary knowledge. Conclusion: In the students’ opinion, previous knowledge of neuroanatomy and clinical neurology is important for learning neuroradiology. The development of material such as an e-book or mobile application focused on integrating the teaching of these disciplines is considered a good alternative to facilitate the understanding of neuroradiology.

scholarly journals Development and Financial Analysis for the Elaboration Jominy Test Device: Conception of an Engineering Project from the Point of View Undergraduate Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
Luís Gustavo Fortes Ferreira Giroto ◽  
Giulliano Assis Sodero Boaventura ◽  
Renann Pereira Gama ◽  
Regina Elaine Santos Cabette ◽  
Wilson de Freitas Muniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Jominy Test

scholarly journals Optimal Design and Testing of a Thermoplastic Pressurized Passenger Door Manufactured Using Thermoforming

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3394
Author(s):  
Roman Růžek ◽  
Josef Křena ◽  
Radek Doubrava ◽  
Josef Tkadlec ◽  
Martin Kadlec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Variable Cross Section ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Topological Optimization ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Thermoplastic Resin ◽  
Significant Difference

The present paper documents and discusses research work associated with a newly designed passenger door structure demonstrator. The composite structure was manufactured from carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin. A composite frame with a variable cross-section was designed, optimized, and fabricated using thermoforming technology. Both numerical simulations and experiments supported structural verification according to the damage tolerance philosophy; i.e., impact damage is presented. The Tsai-Wu and maximal stress criteria were used for damage analysis of the composite parts. Topological optimization of the metal hinges from the point of view of weight reduction was used. All expected parameters and proposed requirements of the mechanical properties were proved and completed. The door panel showed an expected numerically evaluated residual strength (ultimate structure load) as well as meeting airworthiness requirements. No impact damage propagation in the composite parts was observed during mechanical tests, even though visible impact damage was introduced into the structure. No significant difference between the numerical simulations and the experimentally measured total deformation was observed. Repeated deformation measurements during fatigue showed a nonlinear structure behavior. This can be attributed to the relaxation of thermoplastics.

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