Abstracting Failure Case Database Information for Detecting Failure Mode

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Iino ◽  
Masayuki Nakao
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

Industrial accidents continue to happen despite rapid technological advancement and they are often caused by triggers similar to those of past accidents. If we turn our eyes to the world, especially to the emerging industrial players, we hear news about accidents caused by phenomena that have already caused similar accidents elsewhere. Industries, as they emerge and grow over hundreds of years, learn their lessons throughout their histories and build rules, regulations, and common knowledge to avoid accidents. Each industry is probably well aware of accidents that took place in its own country, especially when the accident led to enforcement of a new law. Nevertheless, we hardly have any knowledge of accidents in foreign countries unless they were of huge sizes. Japan had a national project of building a database of knowledge and lessons learned from past accidents. Failure Knowledge Database (FKDB) went on the Web in 2005. As of today it still attracts a large number of readers with its over 1,600 failure cases. Our research is targeted at making use of this FKDB by abstracting the knowledge, especially what triggered the accidents, and comparing the knowledge with functional and structural elements used in new designs. Design Record Graph (DRG) is a graphical representation of the designer’s intension starting from the left with the product functional requirement which iteratively divides into sub-functions to reach a set of functional elements (FE). Each FE maps to a structural element (SE). Then the SEs iteratively combine to form assemblies and finally the product at the right end. A failure starts from one of the FE-SE pairs and propagates the DRG in both left and right directions to reach the two ends. The propagation leaves a trace of how the point of failure led to disabling the product. For each failure case in FKDB, we identified the origin of failure, the FE-SE pair that started the accident. An FE is abstracted by a verb phrase and a set of noun phrases, and similarly an SE with some noun phrases. By limiting the phrases to use, similar concepts are described by the same abstracted phrases. A new design has a number of FE-SE pairs and their propagations in the DRG to reach the two ends. The designer can then compare all propagations in the design, without the knowledge if any of them are dangerous, with those in FKDB that are known to have led to accidents. We developed quantitative operators to evaluate the similarity between two traces. Our results offer a way of warning the designer about possible flaws in a new design similar with causes of past accidents that the designer has no idea about. Our method of preventing design failure can apply to other fields for novice planners in avoiding failure while still in the planning stage. We can further develop the use of knowledge into overseas countries by mapping the limited number of verb and noun phrases into foreign language.

WITHWomen: User Centered Approach to the Design and Development of a suite of Intimate Partner Violence Screening and Safety Planning Web-Applications (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia O'Campo ◽  
Alisa Velonis ◽  
Pearl Buhariwala ◽  
Janisha Kamalanathan ◽  
Maha Awaiz Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Safety Planning ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Mhealth Technology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Safe Access ◽  
Health Applications

BACKGROUND The popularity of mHealth technology has resulted in the development of numerous applications for almost every type of self-improvement or disease management. M- and e-health solutions for increasing awareness about and safety around partner violence is no exception. OBJECTIVE These applications allow women to control access to these resources and provide unlimited, and with the right design features, safe access when these resources are needed. Few applications, however, have been designed in close collaboration with intended users to ensure relevance and effectiveness. METHODS We report here on the design of a pair of evidence-based m- and e-health applications to facilitate early identification of unsafe relationship behaviors and tailored safety planning to reduce harm from violence including the methods by which we collaborated with and sought input from population of intended users. RESULTS The demographic characteristics of those who participated in the various surveys and interviews to inform the development of our screening and safety-decision support app are presented in (Table 2). CONCLUSIONS Finally, we share challenges we faced and lessons learned that might inform future design efforts of m- and e-health evidence-based applications.

scholarly journals Management of Distress in Patients with Cancer—Are We Doing the Right Thing?

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 978-984
Author(s):  
Joost Dekker ◽  
Kristi D Graves ◽  
Terry A Badger ◽  
Michael A Diefenbach
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Distress Screening ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Screening for distress and referral for the provision of psychosocial care is currently the preferred approach to the management of distress in patients with cancer. To date, this approach has shown a limited effect on the reduction of distress. Recent commentaries have argued that the implementation of distress screening should be improved. On the other hand, the underlying assumption that a referral for psychosocial care is required for distressed patients can be questioned. This has led to the development of an alternative approach, called emotional support and case finding. Purpose In the context of finding innovative solutions to tomorrow’s health challenges, we explore ways to optimize distress management in patients with cancer. Methods and Results We discuss three different approaches: (i) optimization of screening and referral, (ii) provision of emotional support and case finding, and (iii) a hybrid approach with multiple assessments, using mobile technology. Conclusions We suggest continued research on the screening and referral approach, to broaden the evidence-base on improving emotional support and case finding, and to evaluate the utility of multiple assessments of distress with new interactive mobile tools. Lessons learned from these efforts can be applied to other disease areas, such as cardiovascular disease or diabetes.

Adversarial Medical and Scientific Testimony and Lay Jurors: A Proposal for Medical Malpractice Reform

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 281-300
Author(s):  
Jody Weisberg Menon
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Expert Witnesses ◽  
Malpractice Reform ◽  
The Right ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
Scientific Testimony

Pleas for reform of the legal system are common. One area of the legal system which has drawn considerable scholarly attention is the jury system. Courts often employ juries as fact-finders in civil cases according to the Seventh Amendment of the Constitution: “In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved … .” The general theory behind the use of juries is that they are the most capable fact-finders and the bestsuited tribunal for arriving at the most accurate and just outcomes. This idea, however, has been under attack, particularly by those who claim that cases involving certain difficult issues or types of evidence are an inappropriate province for lay jurors who typically have no special background or experience from which to make informed, fair decisions.The legal system uses expert witnesses to assist triers of fact in understanding issues which are beyond their common knowledge or difficult to comprehend.

scholarly journals Reinforcement Learning to Send Reminders at Right Moments in Smartphone Exercise Application: A Feasibility Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6059
Author(s):  
Shihan Wang ◽  
Karlijn Sporrel ◽  
Herke van Hoof ◽  
Monique Simons ◽  
Rémi D. D. de Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Healthcare Intervention ◽  
Adaptive Intervention ◽  
Mobile Healthcare ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Application Data ◽  
The Right

Just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) has gained attention recently and previous studies have indicated that it is an effective strategy in the field of mobile healthcare intervention. Identifying the right moment for the intervention is a crucial component. In this paper the reinforcement learning (RL) technique has been used in a smartphone exercise application to promote physical activity. This RL model determines the ‘right’ time to deliver a restricted number of notifications adaptively, with respect to users’ temporary context information (i.e., time and calendar). A four-week trial study was conducted to examine the feasibility of our model with real target users. JITAI reminders were sent by the RL model in the fourth week of the intervention, while the participants could only access the app’s other functionalities during the first 3 weeks. Eleven target users registered for this study, and the data from 7 participants using the application for 4 weeks and receiving the intervening reminders were analyzed. Not only were the reaction behaviors of users after receiving the reminders analyzed from the application data, but the user experience with the reminders was also explored in a questionnaire and exit interviews. The results show that 83.3% reminders sent at adaptive moments were able to elicit user reaction within 50 min, and 66.7% of physical activities in the intervention week were performed within 5 h of the delivery of a reminder. Our findings indicated the usability of the RL model, while the timing of the moments to deliver reminders can be further improved based on lessons learned.

scholarly journals British Columbia SHIFT: Early Lessons Learned from a Provincial Program for Countering Radicalization to Violent Extremism

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Garth Davies ◽  
Madison Reid
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stakeholder Relationships ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Excellent Work ◽  
Services And Supports ◽  
The Right ◽  
Government Initiative ◽  
And Training

Many existing programs for countering violent extremism focus on either end of the radicalization spectrum. On one hand are prevention programs aimed at deterring individuals from starting down the path to violent extremism. On the other hand are disengagement/de-radicalization programs designed for assisting individuals who have been fully radicalized. Conspicuously absent are programs for those who fall in-between, into what might be referred to as the pre-criminal space: individuals who have begun to exhibit signs of radicalization, but for whom radicalization is not yet complete. The British Columbia Shift (BC Shift) initiative was created to assist individuals determined to be in this pre-criminal space; that is, those deemed to be in danger of radicalizing. The goal of BC Shift is to stop individuals from traveling further down the path of radicalization, and, ideally, to turn individuals away from the path. BC Shift operates as a navigational model, connecting at-risk individuals with services and supports in the community. BC Shift is a government initiative supported by the Canada Centre for Community Engagement and Prevention of Violence. It is a civilian organization that partners very closely with, but is separate from, law enforcement. In addition to its primary CRVE mandate, BC Shift has rapidly evolved and expanded into several other responsibilities, including coordination on national CVE standards; liaising with other CVE programs across Canada; maintaining stakeholder relationships; and helping create capacity through dialog and training. Although the program only began accepting referrals in 2019, its operation has already revealed many important lessons for CRVE programs. First, it is critically important to have the right people in the room. There has to be buy-in from the highest levels of partner agencies and stakeholders, particularly early on. Second, programs of this sort should leverage existing resources wherever possible. BC Shift has been lucky enough to coordinate with situation tables, such as the CHART program in Surrey. There are already many organizations doing excellent work in their respective communities; it is very helpful to plug into those resources. Third, even though BC Shift operates as a navigational hub, it has benefitted greatly from having a social worker as part of the team. This skill set is important in helping referred individuals feel comfortable with the process of accessing services and supports. Finally, marketing matters! CRVE programs such as BC Shift have to navigate a complex reality. The very concept of violent extremism is disconcerting to a lot of people in the community; these fears have to be addressed, and difficulties related to differences in perspective and language have to be overcome. BC Shift’s first year-and-a-half of operation has also highlighted several issues that have not yet been satisfactorily resolved. There is, for example, the “low hanging fruit” problem; agencies are typically referring less severe cases. Trying to get agencies to refer more serious cases has proved challenging. We hope that, by outlining these lessons and issues, this presentation proves to be useful to other CRVE initiatives.

scholarly journals The Canadian Statistical Demographic Database Research Project: Exploring Potential Use of Administrative Data to Support the Canadian Census Program

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Data ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Unique Identifier ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT ObjectiveStatistics Canada initiated the Canadian Statistical Demographic Database (CSDD) research project to determine if and how administrative data could be used to support the Canadian Census Program. The project’s goal is to create a census spine from administrative data sources. The CSDD’s current scope is limited to basic information (name, sex, birth date and usual place of residence) for all Canadians. MethodTwo 2011 CSDD prototypes were built using and linking hundreds of administrative files obtained mainly from other federal departments. Extensive pre-processing activities must take place prior to linkage to remove duplicates and standardize file variables. Given that Canadians do not possess a single unique identifier, administrative files were linked using record linkage methods; key matching variables were identified, validated and used to perform the linkage. This work led to the development of auxiliary files, which serve specific purposes related to the CSDD development. They also provide useful linkage keys to other Statistics Canada statistical programs.ResultsThe outcome of the CSDD is determined by comparing it to two references. First, comparisons were done at the aggregate level (Canadian, provincial and sub-provincial levels) by contrasting the results with Demography Division’s official population estimates for the 2011 Census. The CSDD was also compared with the 2011 Census of Population’s Response Database (RDB), which allows for analysis at the micro (record) level. The RDB contains non-imputed data on name, sex, birth date and usual place of residence as provided by individual census respondents. Comparisons with the RDB have allowed us to address the question, “Does the CSDD put the right person at the same address as the 2011 Census does?” Results are promising. At the aggregate level, the CSDD compares well with the demographic estimates for the 2011 Census at the national, provincial/territorial and some urban area levels. At the micro level, the CSDD contains more individuals than the RDB. Improvements are needed with regards to its ability to place persons accurately in rural areas due to the lack of good residential addresses in administrative data files. Initial results led to the planning of new CSDD prototypes, this time for 2016, in line with the 2016 Census of Population.ConclusionThe presentation will give an overview of the methods and principles behind the construction of the CSDD. Basic analytical results will present areas of strength and weakness. Lessons learned and upcoming challenges along with their proposed solutions will complete the presentation.

scholarly journals IoT Usage On Smart Campus: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Evaristus Didik Madyatmadja ◽  
◽  
Tri Rizky Yulia ◽  
David Jumpa Malem Sembiring ◽  
Sinek Mehuli Br Perangin Angin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Smart Campus ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Right ◽  
Higher Education Industry

— At present and along with the development of the times, higher education or campuses are increasingly competing with each other, especially in Indonesia. Each campus is competing to improve its quality so that it has a good assessment and can become a World Class University. This is done in various ways, for example, such as providing campus infrastructure that is equipped with adequate technology or combining technology into activities or all processes on campus, this is called the implementation of a smart campus. So that by forming a smart campus, the campus can produce better quality human resources. One form of technological advancement is the emergence of internet technology, the Internet stands for interconnection networking as a communication network connecting between electronic media using the standard IP (Internet Protocol). The internet has many benefits that make it widely used in various industrial sectors, one of which is in the higher education industry. IoT exists as an evolution of the internet as a system that has remote control. IoT is one of the right solutions to support smart campus implementation. The use of IoT on a smart campus can improve campus quality, efficiency and effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to determine the description of IoT, the network technology used and how the implementation can be done on a smart campus

Condicionalidad en una Unión de Derecho: el Mecanismo Europeo de Estabilidad (MEDE)

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-76
Author(s):  
Ferran ARMENGOL FERRER
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Institution ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu ◽  
The Imf

LABURPENA: Egonkortasuneko Mekanismo Europarrean (EME) baldintzapena nola aplikatzen den aztertuko dugu artikulu honetan, Europar Batasunaren esparruan aitortuta dauden oinarrizko eskubideen ikuspegitik. Horretarako, giza eskubideen alorrean nazioarteko hitzarmenak aplikatzearen alde egin duten jarrera doktrinalak hartu dira erreferentziatzat, Nazioarteko Diru Funtsak (NDF) eta nazioarteko beste finantza-erakunde batzuek garapen bidean diren herrialdeekiko operazioetan txertatu duten baldintzapenari muga jartzeko. Europar Batasunaren eremuan 2009-2010 urteetako zor publikoaren krisiari erantzuna emateko sortu diren organismoek eta, batez ere, EMEk (euro eremuan egonkortasuna ziurtatzeko organismoak,) ordea, egiturazko elementu gisa sartu dute baldintzapena haien operazioetan, NDFaren antzeko filosofia hartuta, hau da, zuhurtziaren bitartez lortu nahi dute hazkunde ekonomikoa, eta, horren ondorioz, oinarrizko eskubide batzuk ezin izan dira behar bezala gauzatu. Horrek mahai gainean jartzen du kontu bat, ea politika horiek bateragarri ote diren Europar Batasunaren helburu eta printzipioekin; hasiera batean «zuzenbidezko komunitatea» esamoldeaz definitu baitzuten EB, eta giza eskubideetan oinarrituta eraiki. Justizia Auzitegiak horri buruz idatzi zuen lehenengo epai —goiztiarrak— (Pringle epaiak), ordea, ez zuen zehaztu EMEren baldintzapenak Europar Batasunaren xede eta printzipioekin eta giza eskubideekiko errespetuarekin bat egiten ote duen. Hala ere, badirudi irizpide hori aldatzen ari dela, Ledra Advertising-en duela gutxi eman den epaiaren harira; izan ere, jabetzarako eskubideari dei egiteko atea ireki du, baldintzapena ezartzearen ondorioz eragindako kalteengatiko ordaina eskatzeari dagokionez. Hortaz, EME Europako Diru Funtsean eraldatuta bakarrik heldu ahalko zaie oinarrizko eskubideei, EME erkideko erakunde gisa eratzen bada, baldintzapenaren ondorio kaltegarriak geldiarazteari edo arintzeari begira. Are gehiago, Europako Diru Funtsean baldintzapena judizialki kontrolatzea erreferentea izan liteke nazioarteko beste finantza-erakunde batzuentzat. RESUMEN: El presente artículo analiza la aplicación de la condicionalidad en el Mecanismo Europeo de Estabilidad (MEDE) desde la perspectiva de los derechos fundamentales reconocidos en el ámbito de la Unión Europea. A tal efecto, se toman como referencia las posiciones doctrinales que han venido defendiendo la aplicación de los convenios internacionales en materia de derechos humanos como límite a la condicionalidad introducida por el FMI y otras instituciones financieras internacionales en sus operaciones con los países en desarrollo. Los organismos creados en el ámbito de la Unión Europea para dar respuesta a la crisis de la Deuda pública de 2009-10, y de modo singular el MEDE, organismo creado para garantizar la estabilidad de la zona euro, han introducido, sin embargo, la condicionalidad como un elemento estructural en sus operaciones, con una filosofía parecida a la del FMI, es decir, conseguir el crecimiento económico a partir de la austeridad, con lo que se ha visto perjudicado el ejercicio de diversos derechos fundamentales. Ello plantea la cuestión de la compatibilidad de tales políticas con los objetivos y principios de la Unión Europea, definida en su día como «Comunidad de Derecho» y fundada sobre los valores de los derechos humanos. La primera —y temprana— sentencia dictada al respecto por el Tribunal de Justicia (sentencia Pringle) dejó, sin embargo, en el aire la cuestión de la compatibilidad de la condicionalidad del MEDE con los objetivos y principios de la Unión Europea y el respeto de los derechos humanos. Parece, no obstante, que este criterio tiende a modificarse a partir del reciente fallo en Ledra Advertising, que ha abierto la puerta a invocar el derecho de propiedad para ser indemnizado por los daños causados por la aplicación de la condicionalidad. Con todo, será a partir de la transformación del MEDE en el Fondo Monetario Europeo, si éste se constituye como institución comunitaria, como puede hacerse efectiva la invocación de los derechos fundamentales para frenar o mitigar los efectos perjudiciales de la condicionalidad. Más aún, el control judicial de la condicionalidad en el FME podría servir como referente para otras instituciones financieras internacionales. ABSTRACT: This article analyses the application of conditionality within the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) from the perspective of the fundamental rights recognized within the EU. To this end, we take as a reference the doctrinal positions that have been defending the application of international conventions on human rights as a limit to the conditionality introduced by the IMF and another financial international institutions in their operations with developing countries. The public agencies created within the EU in order to meet the demands of the public debt crisis of 2009-10, and specifically the ESM, a body created to guarantee the Euro zone’s stability, have nonetheless introduced the conditionality as a structural element in their operations, with a philosophy comparable to that of the IMF, i.e. to achieve economic growth from austerity, thus impairing the exercise of several fundamental rights. That raises the question of compatibility of those policies with the objectives and principles of the EU, defined one day as a «community of law» and founded upon the values of fundamental rights. The first —and early— judgement delivered on this ground by the European Court of Justice (Pringle case) left nevertheless in the air the compatibility of the conditionality of ESM with the objectives and principles of the EU and with the respect to human rights. It seems however that this criteria tends to be modified by the recent judgment Ledra Advertising that opened the door to invoke the right to property in order to be compensated by damages caused as a consequence of conditionality. Even so, it will be after the transformation of the ESM into an European Monetary Fund, if this is constituted as a Community institution, that invoking fundamental rights shall be effective in order to stop or mitigate the adverse effects of conditionality. What is more, the judicial control over conditionality within the EMF might serve as a reference for other international financial institutions.

Population Evacuations in Industrial Accidents: A Review of the Literature about Four Major Events

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yechiel Soffer ◽  
Dagan Schwartz ◽  
Avishay Goldberg ◽  
Maxim Henenfeld ◽  
Yaron Bar-Dayan
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Event Planning

AbstractThis article reviews the literature describing four chemical and nuclear accidents and the lessons learned from each regarding the evacuation of civilian populations. Evacuation may save lives however, if poorly orchestrated, it may cause serious problems. For example, an inaccurate assessment of danger may lead to the evacuation of the same population twice, as the area requiring evacuation becomes larger than originally expected. Evacuation programs should focus on the vulnerable components of the populations, such as the elderly, children, and the disabled, and also should include plans for the care of pets and other animals. Training programs for civilians living near industrial centers and other high-risk areas should be considered. Finally, pre-event planning and preparation can improve the evacuation process and prevent panic behavior, and thus result in fewer casualties.

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