Enhancing the Design of Solar-Powered Flapping Wing Air Vehicles Using Multifunctional Structural Components

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Perez-Rosado ◽  
Hugh A. Bruck ◽  
Satyandra K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
University Of Maryland ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
The University

Flapping wing aerial vehicles (FWAVs) are limited to small batteries due to constraints on the available onboard payload. To increase the energy available for the vehicle, solar cells can be integrated to harvest energy during flight. This addition of available onboard energy increases the flight time of the vehicle and could eventually lead to an infinite flight as long as there is sunlight. However, integration of solar cells is expected to alter flight performance. The changes in performance must be measured and understood. Previously, solar cells have been integrated to the wings of Robo Raven III, a FWAV developed at the University of Maryland. Changes in flight performance were observed, but ultimately the vehicle was still able to maintain flight and an increase in flight time was observed. This paper extends the previous work and further integrates solar cells to the body and tail of the FWAV. Different tail designs were built and the change in performance caused by the difference in each tail was measured and compared. The new FWAV generated 1.8W more than the previous Robo Raven IIIv2 design. The best tail design has provided the longest operational flight time so far and is known as Robo Raven IIIv3. This new platform benefited from an improved tail design and carried 13g more than the original Robo Raven III tail, despite an increase in vehicle mass.

Performance Characterization of Multifunctional Wings With Integrated Solar Cells for Unmanned Air Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Perez-Rosado ◽  
Adrian G. J. Griesinger ◽  
Hugh A. Bruck ◽  
Satyandra K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Unmanned Air Vehicles ◽  
University Of Maryland ◽  
Battery Power ◽  
Cell Test ◽  
The University ◽  
Air Vehicles

Flapping wing unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) are small light weight vehicles that typically have short flight times due to the small size of the batteries that are used to power them. During longer missions, the batteries must be recharged. The lack of nearby electrical outlets severely limits the locations and types of missions that these UAVs can be flown in. To improve flight time and eliminate the need for electrical outlets, solar cells can be used to harvest energy and charge/power the UAV. Robo Raven III, a flapping wing UAV, was developed at the University of Maryland and consists of wings with integrated solar cells. This paper aims to investigate how the addition of solar cells affects the UAV. The changes in performance are quantified and compared using a load cell test as well as Digital Image Correlation (DIC). The UAV platform reported in this paper was the first flapping wing robotic bird that flew using energy harvested from on-board solar cells. Experimentally, the power from the solar cells was used to augment battery power and increase operational time.

Integrating Solar Cells Into Flapping Wing Air Vehicles for Enhanced Flight Endurance

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Perez-Rosado ◽  
Hugh A. Bruck ◽  
Satyandra K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wing Area ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

Flapping wing aerial vehicles (FWAVs) may require charging in the field where electrical power supply is not available. Flexible solar cells can be integrated into wings, tail, and body of FWAVs to harvest solar energy. The harvested solar energy can be used to recharge batteries and eliminate the need for external electrical power. It can also be used to increase the flight time of the vehicle by supplementing the battery power. The integration of solar cells in wings has been found to alter flight performance because solar cells have significantly different mechanical and density characteristics compared to other materials used for the FWAV construction. Previously, solar cells had been successfully integrated into the wings of Robo Raven, a FWAV developed at the University of Maryland. Despite changes in the aerodynamic forces, the vehicle was able to maintain flight and an overall increase in flight time was achieved. This paper investigates ways to redesign Robo Raven to significantly increase the wing area and incorporate solar cells into the wings, tail, and body. Increasing wing area allows for additional solar cells to be integrated, but there are tradeoffs due to the torque limitations of the servomotors used to actuate the wings as well changes in the lift and thrust forces that affect payload capacity. These effects were modeled and systematically characterized as a function of the wing area to determine the impact on enhancing flight endurance. In addition, solar cells were integrated into the body and the tail. The new design of Robo Raven generated a total of 64% more power using on-board solar cells, and increased flight time by 46% over the previous design. They were also able to recharge batteries at a similar rate to commercial chargers.

Modeling of Dive Maneuvers for Executing Autonomous Dives With a Flapping Wing Air Vehicle

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke J. Roberts ◽  
Hugh A. Bruck ◽  
S. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
University Of Maryland ◽  
Roll Control ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Air Vehicle ◽  
The University

This paper is focused on design of dive maneuvers that can be performed outdoors on flapping wing air vehicles (FWAVs) with a minimal amount of on-board computing capability. We present a simple computational model that provides accuracy of 5 m in open loop operation mode for outdoor dives under wind speeds of up to 3 m/s. This model is executed using a low power, on-board processor. We have also demonstrated that the platform can independently execute roll control through tail positioning, and dive control through wing positioning to produce safe dive behaviors. These capabilities were used to successfully demonstrate autonomous dive maneuvers on the Robo Raven platform developed at the University of Maryland.

Recent Field Implementation of Contemporary and Smart Farming Technologies at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Nagchaudhuri ◽  
Christopher Hartman ◽  
Travis Ford ◽  
Jesuraj Pandya
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
University Of Maryland ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
The University

Abstract Smart farming experiential learning and research endeavors have been ongoing at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore (UMES) for the past several years. Recent field implementation of contemporary technologies for variable rate fertilizer application based on multispectral drone imagery; deployment of wireless solar powered soil moisture sensor network on a field with subsurface drip and fertigation capability; and development of a sustainable platform integrated with a Cartesian robotic device powered by solar and wind energy that can seed, weed, irrigate, and capture time-lapse photography while servicing a small raised bed for specialty crops and vegetables will be described in this paper. Results from the initial phase of implementation efforts and future goals will also be highlighted.

scholarly journals A Study in Developing a Charger Helmet as Power Bank of Mobile Phone for Motorcyclists

KnE Energy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syifaul Fuada ◽  
Fendy Hananta P ◽  
Arya Kusumawardhana ◽  
Puji Suharmanto
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Body Heat ◽  
Helmet Design

<p>Wearing a helmet is one of the obligations to be adhered to motorcyclists. Yet, the existence of helmets is not only as protective gear head but also as a lifestyle even leading to advanced technologies, such as 1) color changing helmet, 2) folding helmets, 3) glowing helmets, and so on. Therefore, the innovation has given a touch on the idea of helmet concepts that is more useful than before and a prototype that has never existed before. This paper describes how the concept of helmet charger is. In fact, the innovation is conceptualized to generate electricity from the helmet, which is a photovoltaic solar cell. The electricity generated can be used for various purposes, like charging a cell phone. Furthermore, the things underlying helmets as a means of placing solar cells is that the body heat of the sun which is quite broad and equitable helmet that will help the solar cells to have an ideal position by facing the sun directly. At the end, the helmet covered by solar cells will have been ready to store electrical energy in batteries as much as 12 VDC. This paper describes a helmet design for the solar power charger and a solar-powered helmet design that can generate voltage as needed. </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> charger, electric energy, helm, photovoltaic cells</p>

Modeling and Control of a Micro Flapping Wing Rotor

2014 ◽  
Vol 635-637 ◽  
pp. 1360-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Fang Hang ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Ying Jun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Output Feedback Control ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Simulation Testing ◽  
And Control

The system of Micro Flapping-wing Rotor to achieve the flapping and rotation motions is first introduced briefly. Then the system dynamic model which includes the flapping rotary flight aerodynamics at a low Reynolds number regime, the body dynamics, the electromagnetic actuator and the control surface is described. This model and system simulation in the preliminary design phase may provide the opportunity for designers to make fundamental design decisions early to improve the flight performance. Also, the simulator is used to study open loop flight dynamics and test a periodic proportional output feedback control law. Simulation testing shows that the control system has a good flight performance for this flapping wing rotor.

Our Bodies, Whose Property?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

No one wants to be treated like an object, regarded as an item of property, or put up for sale. Yet many people frame personal autonomy in terms of self-ownership, representing themselves as property owners with the right to do as they wish with their bodies. Others do not use the language of property, but are similarly insistent on the rights of free individuals to decide for themselves whether to engage in commercial transactions for sex, reproduction, or organ sales. Drawing on analyses of rape, surrogacy, and markets in human organs, this book challenges notions of freedom based on ownership of our bodies and argues against the normalization of markets in bodily services and parts. The book explores the risks associated with metaphors of property and the reasons why the commodification of the body remains problematic. The book asks what is wrong with thinking of oneself as the owner of one's body? What is wrong with making our bodies available for rent or sale? What, if anything, is the difference between markets in sex, reproduction, or human body parts, and the other markets we commonly applaud? The book contends that body markets occupy the outer edges of a continuum that is, in some way, a feature of all labor markets. But it also emphasizes that we all have bodies, and considers the implications of this otherwise banal fact for equality. Bodies remind us of shared vulnerability, alerting us to the common experience of living as embodied beings in the same world. Examining the complex issue of body exceptionalism, the book demonstrates that treating the body as property makes human equality harder to comprehend.

Theory-Practice Gap: The Experiences of Nigerian Nursing Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titilayo Dorothy Odetola ◽  
Olusola Oluwasola ◽  
Christoph Pimmer ◽  
Oluwafemi Dipeolu ◽  
Samson Oluwayemi Akande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Staff ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Theory Practice Gap

The “disconnect” between the body of knowledge acquired in classroom settings and the application of this knowledge in clinical practice is one of the main reasons for professional fear, anxiety and feelings of incompetence among freshly graduated nurses. While the phenomenon of the theory-to-practice gap has been researched quite extensively in high-income country settings much less is known about nursing students’ experiences in a developing country context. To rectify this shortcoming, the qualitative study investigated the experiences of nursing students in their attempt to apply what they learn in classrooms in clinical learning contexts in seven sites in Nigeria. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse data gained from eight focus group discussions (n = 80) with the students. The findings reveal a multifaceted theory-practice gap which plays out along four tensions: (1) procedural, i.e. the difference between practices from education institutions and the ones enacted in clinical wards – and contradictions that emerge even within one clinical setting; (2) political, i.e. conflicts that arise between students and clinical staff, especially personnel with a lower qualification profile than the degree that students pursue; (3) material, i.e. the disconnect between contemporary instruments and equipment available in schools and the lack thereof in clinical settings; and (4) temporal, i.e. restricted opportunities for supervised practice owing to time constraints in clinical settings in which education tends to be undervalued. Many of these aspects are linked to and aggravated by infrastructural limitations, which are typical for the setting of a developing country. Nursing students need to be prepared regarding how to deal with the identified procedural, political, material and temporal tensions before and while being immersed in clinical practice, and, in so doing, they need to be supported by educationally better qualified clinical staff.

Perbedaan Penggunaan Antikoagulan K2EDTA DAN K3EDTA Terhadap Hasil Pemeriksaan Indeks Eritrosit

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽  
Sri Tumpuk
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Index Value

Abstract: Routine blood examination is the earliest blood test or screening test to determine the diagnosis of an abnormality. Blood easily froze if it is outside the body and can be prevented by the addition of anticoagulants, one of which Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Currently available vacuum tubes containing EDTA anticoagulants in the form of K2EDTA and K3EDTA. K3EDTA is usually a salt that has better stability than other EDTA salts because it shows a pH approaching a blood pH of about 6.4. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of erythrocyte index results include MCH, MCV and MCHC using K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA. This research is a cross sectional design. This study used venous blood samples mixed with K2EDTA anticoagulant and venous blood mixed with K3EDTA anticoagulants, each of 30 samples. Data were collected and analyzed using paired different test. Based on data analysis that has been done on MCH examination, p value <0,05 then there is a significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value. Then on the examination of MCV and MCHC obtained p value <0.05 then there is no significant difference between samples with K3EDTA anticoagulant with K2EDTA to erythrocyte index value.Abstrak: Pemeriksaan darah rutin merupakan pemeriksaan darah yang paling awal atau screening test untuk mengetahui diagnosis suatu kelainan. Darah mudah membeku jika berada diluar tubuh dan bisa dicegah dengan penambahan antikoagulan, salah satunya Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate (EDTA). Dewasa ini telah tersedia tabung vakum yang sudah berisi antikoagulan EDTA dalam bentuk  K2EDTA dan  K3EDTA. K3EDTA  biasanya berupa garam yang mempunyai stabilitas yang lebih baik dari garam EDTA yang lain karena menunjukkan pH yang mendekati pH darah yaitu sekitar 6,4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil indeks eritrosit meliputi MCH, MCV dan MCHC menggunakan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K2EDTA dan darah vena yang dicampur dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA, masing-masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda berpasangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang telah dilakukan pada pemeriksaan MCH didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit. Kemudian pada pemeriksaan MCV dan MCHC didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 maka tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara sampel dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA dengan K2EDTA terhadap nilai indeks eritrosit.

Effect of Sample Storage Conditions on Body Burden Analysis of Organic Contaminants in Unionid Mussels

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheline Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Unionid Mussels ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Abstract In order to quantitatively assess the effect of sample storage conditions on the body burden analysis of organic contaminants, a comparative analysis was carried out on the unionid mussel Elliptic complanata. The mussels were divided into two groups, each with distinct storage conditions, while Group A was kept in the freezer at −20°C, Group B was kept in the refrigerator for five days at 5°C. All the compounds present in the control were also present in Group B samples. Analysis of the organic contaminants in each of these two groups showed that for total PCB concentrations, the two treatments were not significantly different; however when compared individually 6 of the 13 PCB congeners showed significant differences. The observed differences were relatively small for individual PCB congeners (7.1 to 15.3%), higher for chlorobenzenes (10.5 to 36.4%), and yet higher for HCE (44.1%); the difference for HCE, although large is nevertheless not significant, even if only marginally so.

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