Nonlinear Effects of Bone Damping on Human Postural Balance

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Shukla ◽  
Amit Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Damping Factor ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Shock Absorption ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Bone Mineral Density Test

Osteoporosis is a common disease in women over the age of 50. The detection of this disease is done by an expensive bone mineral density test using dual energy x-ray absorpiometry. Osteoporosis patients are at a high risk of bone fracture under daily living conditions. Previous studies have shown that natural shock absorption capability of human body suffering from osteoporosis is significantly impaired. This study is to develop an understanding of nonlinear effects of osteoporosis on human postural balance via computational models developed to capture changes in the shock absorption capabilities of human musculoskeletal system in osteoporosis patients. This paper uses a previously published, time delayed model of human postural balance by simulating the effect of osteoporosis via changes in damping factor. Numerical studies are presented and results interpreted to capture and highlight the nonlinear effects of osteoporosis on the dynamics postural balance response. This approach, upon further clinical evaluation can result in utilization of human postural balance test and the corresponding non-invasive Bone Shock Absorption test and measurement techniques for detection of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Osteoprotective Effects of Loganic Acid on Osteoblastic and Osteoclastic Cells and Osteoporosis-Induced Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Eunkuk Park ◽  
Chang Gun Lee ◽  
Eunguk Lim ◽  
Seokjin Hwang ◽  
Seung Hee Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral Density Loss ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

Osteoporosis is a common disease caused by an imbalance of processes between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts in postmenopausal women. The roots of Gentiana lutea L. (GL) are reported to have beneficial effects on various human diseases related to liver functions and gastrointestinal motility, as well as on arthritis. Here, we fractionated and isolated bioactive constituent(s) responsible for anti-osteoporotic effects of GL root extract. A single phytochemical compound, loganic acid, was identified as a candidate osteoprotective agent. Its anti-osteoporotic effects were examined in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with loganic acid significantly increased osteoblastic differentiation in preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells by promoting alkaline phosphatase activity and increasing mRNA expression levels of bone metabolic markers such as Alpl, Bglap, and Sp7. However, loganic acid inhibited osteoclast differentiation of primary-cultured monocytes derived from mouse bone marrow. For in vivo experiments, the effect of loganic acid on ovariectomized (OVX) mice was examined for 12 weeks. Loganic acid prevented OVX-induced bone mineral density loss and improved bone structural properties in osteoporotic model mice. These results suggest that loganic acid may be a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Izometric effort in the balance stance of handball throw

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Alexandru Andrei Gherman ◽  
Leon Gomboș ◽  
Adrian Pătrașcu ◽  
Sergiu Pop
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Statistical Difference ◽  
Isometric Effort ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strong Relation

Abstract Postural balance plays an important role in high performance sports. The line between success and failure may be decided at such a small scale. In handball, postural balance may affect the accuracy of every technique that a played use, especially the throwing of the ball towards the goal. Our study aimed to identify the degree of influence that izometric effort has over the balance stance during a handball throw. Subjects: 210 1st year students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Babeș-Bolyai University from Cluj-Napoca, were involved in this study. The subjects were both male and female, with the ages between 18 and 21 years old, with and without former performance athlete background. Materials: We’ve conducted the balance test using the AMTI NETforce BP 400600 force platform and the actual isometric exercises were completed in the same laboratory. Two types of planks and a half-squat were used as the isometric exercises. Results: There was no significant statistical difference between the balance variables before and after isometric exercises while holding the ball in hand. There was a significant statistical difference between the displacement before and after for the position without the ball. Conclusion: There is no impact of the isometric effort over the balance stance while holding the handball ball in the throwing position. We’ve identified a strong relation between the isometric effort and the balance stance without the ball in hand.

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Deformation in a Rotating RC Helicopter Blade

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Sousa ◽  
Francisco Barros ◽  
Paulo J. Tavares ◽  
Pedro M. G. P. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Helicopter Blade ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Image Sensing ◽  
3D Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

Rotating structures are important and commonly used in the transportation and energy generation fields, where a better understanding of the deformations these structures endure is essential for both the design and maintenance phases. This work presents a novel image sensing methodology for measuring the displacements of rotating parts in operation due to dynamic loading. This methodology employs 3D digital image correlation combined with a custom stroboscopic lighting solution to achieve apparent stillness of the target while it rotates and then processes the acquired data to remove small imprecisions and align it to the rotor’s intrinsic coordinate system. It was applied to an RC helicopter, whose blade deformation was measured and compared with a computational model, using fluid–structure interaction between computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis (FEA). Using live measurement techniques, it was possible to obtain the actual behaviour of the blades, which can be used to validate and tune computational models. The proposed methodology complements the methods available in the literature, which were centred around relative out-of-plane displacements, by enabling the comparison of absolute out-of-plane and in-plane ones.

scholarly journals The Fascinating Paradox of Osteoporosis in Axial Spondyloarthropathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1767-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian E. Fitzgerald ◽  
Finbar D. O’Shea
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthropathy

Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a recognized feature of axial spondyloarthropathy (axSpA). However, the osteoproliferation inherent in axSpA can make traditional dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry assessment inaccurate, particularly in structurally advanced disease. As a result, much about osteoporosis in axSpA is unknown. There is a wide variation in prevalence figures for low BMD in the literature. There is also no consensus regarding risk factors for developing low BMD in axSpA. It is accepted that there is an excess of vertebral fractures in patients with axSpA, but the role of low BMD in contributing to this risk is virtually unknown. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current knowledge regarding low BMD in axSpA. It highlights our current BMD measurement techniques along with their potential pitfalls, and discusses the significance of BMD in vertebral fractures. It also identifies gaps in our knowledge and makes recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals The influence of lower-limb dominance on postural balance

2011 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 410-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Castilho Alonso ◽  
Guilherme Carlos Brech ◽  
Andréia Moraes Bourquin ◽  
Julia Maria D'Andréa Greve
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Leg Dominance ◽  
Limb Dominance ◽  
Instability Indices

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Maintainance of postural balance requires detection of body movements, integration of sensory information in the central nervous system and an appropriate motor response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether lower-limb dominance has an influence on postural balance. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) and at Hospital do Coração (HCor). METHODS: Forty healthy sedentary males aged 20 to 40 years, without any injuries, were evaluated. A single-foot balance test was carried out using the Biodex Balance System equipment, comparing the dominant leg with the nondominant leg of the same individual. The instability protocols used were level 8 (more stable) and level 2 (less stable), and three instability indices were calculated: anteroposterior, mediolateral and general. RESULTS: The volunteers' mean age was 26 ± 5 years (range: 20-38), mean weight 72.3 ± 11 kg (range: 46-107) and mean height 176 ± 6 cm (range: 169-186). Thirty-four of them (85%) presented right-leg dominance (defined according to which leg they used for kicking) and six (15%) had left-leg dominance. There were no significant differences between the dominant and nondominant legs at the two levels of stability (eight and two), for any of the instability indices (general, anteroposterior and mediolateral). CONCLUSION: The lower-limb dominance did not influence single-foot balance among sedentary males.

scholarly journals Influence of Number of Parity on Bone Mineral Density among Postmenopausal Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Irin Parveen Alam ◽  
Mohd Azharul Haque ◽  
Saleha Begum Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
T Score ◽  
Femur Neck ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Age Range

Introduction- Osteoporosis is a common disease of postmenopausal women and is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. The most important single determining factor is low bone mass. Generally accepted risk factors of osteoporosis in women are low body weight, age, low physical activity and cigarette smoking. The effect of parity is controversial.Objective-The main objective of the study was to assess the influence of parity on bone mineral density among the postmenopausal women.Methods-In this study total 75 postmenopausal women aged 51-70 years of with parity 1-13 were studied. Parity was described as the number of births reported by the women. In Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons Vol. 33, No. 2, April 2015 this study T score of BMD of different bony sites lumber vertebrae and femur were analyzed. BMD were measured in the Institute of Nuclear Medicine at BSMMU. Correlations between BMD values with parity were detected.Results- The mean age of the patients was 60 years with a standard deviation of ±9.32 years. All patients were within 51 to 70 years age range. A significant negative correlation was found in present study between parity and the T score measurement results obtained from L2, L3, L4, L2-4, Femur neck, Trochantor and Ward’s triangle. This shows mean Tscore of BMD were more negative as number of parity increases.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 75-78Introduction- Osteoporosis is a common disease of postmenopausal women and is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. The most important single determining factor is low bone mass. Generally accepted risk factors of osteoporosis in women are low body weight, age, low physical activity and cigarette smoking. The effect of parity is controversial. Objective-The main objective of the study was to assess the influence of parity on bone mineral density among the postmenopausal women. Methods-In this study total 75 postmenopausal women aged 51-70 years of with parity 1-13 were studied. Parity was described as the number of births reported by the women. In Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons Vol. 33, No. 2, April 2015 this study T score of BMD of different bony sites lumber vertebrae and femur were analyzed. BMD were measured in the Institute of Nuclear Medicine at BSMMU. Correlations between BMD values with parity were detected. Results- The mean age of the patients was 60 years with a standard deviation of ±9.32 years. All patients were within 51 to 70 years age range. A significant negative correlation was found in present study between parity and the T score measurement results obtained from L2, L3, L4, L2-4, Femur neck, Trochantor and Ward’s triangle. This shows mean Tscore of BMD were more negative as number of parity increases.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 75-78

scholarly journals Factors associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis in women undergoing bone mineral density test

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Veiga Silva ◽  
Maria Inês da Rosa ◽  
Bruna Fernandes ◽  
Suéli Lumertz ◽  
Rafaela Maria Diniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Bone Mineral Density Test

scholarly journals Various Knee Model Measurement Techniques to Find the Knee Geometries

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Kavinaya C ◽  
Ashuthoshkumar L
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Knee Kinematics ◽  
Load Measurement ◽  
Knee Simulator ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Model Measurement

Computation of knee modeling is a subject-specific techniquethatdefining the zero-load measurements of the cruciate and indemnity ligaments.The dynamic knee simulator was used to test the three carcass knees. The carcass knees also experiencedphysicalsachet of motion testing to discovery their inactivesort of motion in order to regulate the zero-load measurements for everymuscle bundle. Compotation multibody knee representations were shaped for each knee and classical kinematics were likened to investigational kinematics for a replicated walk series. Simple-minded non-linear mechanisminhibition elements were used to characterize cruciate and deposited particles in musclepackages in the knee representations. This learningoriginate that knee kinematics was enormously sensitive to changing of the zero-load measurement. The domino effects also recommendoptimum methods for describing each of the muscle bundle zero-load measurements, irrespective of the subject. These consequencesvalidate the significance ofthe zero-load length when modeling the knee united and verify that physicalcloak of motion dimensions can be usedto determine the passive range of motion of the knee joint. It is also supposed that the method defined here forresponsible zero-load measurement can be used for in vitro or in vivo subject-specific computational models.

scholarly journals Postural balance and 7-meter throw’s accuracy in handball

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Leon Gomboș ◽  
Alexandru Andrei Gherman ◽  
Adrian Pătrașcu ◽  
Paul Radu
Keyword(s):  
Future Study ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
The Past ◽  
Accuracy Test ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
General Balance

Abstract This study aims to identify if there is a relation between postural balance and the accuracy of 7 meters throws in handball. There is an increase need to improve the success of the 7 meters throw, due to its impact regarding a win or loss over the past years during high-end competitions. Subjects: 173 subjects were involved in this study, 123 males and 50 females with the ages between 18 and 21 years old. Materials: We’ve conducted the balance test using the AMTI NETforce BP 400600 force platform and for the accuracy test we’ve conducted a shooting trial that quantified the spread of a series of throws from the 7 meters mark. We’ve observed the radial dislocation, area and length of the center of pressure for the balance test and for the shooting trial we’ve measured the distance of the throw from a preset spot. Results: There were no correlation between the important factors of balance like Dislocation, Area, Length, and throwing percentage for the Circle, Area 1, Area 2, Missed balls. Instead, between the 3 important factors of balance, there are strong and positive correlations, drawing the conclusion that when we have big numbers for center of gravity deviations, total trajectory (cm2) and the area values, the chances to score a goal from 7 meters are lower. Conclusions: The results of the study confirm the hypothesis. The objectives for a future study is to find ways/methods to improve the general balance, in order to increase the efficiency for the 7 meters throwing.

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