Impact of Gasoline and Natural Gas Prices on Capacity Planning for Automakers and Electricity Generators Under GHG Emission Constraints

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boxiao Chen ◽  
Xiuli Chao ◽  
Yan Fu ◽  
Margaret Strumolo ◽  
Michael A. Tamor
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Capacity Planning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Societal Cost ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
The Impact

Both automakers and electricity generators are facing increasingly more stringent greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets. With the introduction of plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles, the transportation and electricity generation sectors become connected. This provides an opportunity for both sectors to work jointly to achieve cost efficient reduction of CO2 emissions. Due to the low cost and low carbon content of natural gas (NG), NG enabled vehicles are drawing increasing attention. With GHG targets rapidly decreasing, how to judiciously choose among plug-in hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, NG-enabled vehicles, and gasoline vehicles to save societal cost is worth serious consideration. On the other hand, gasoline and NG prices play an important role in this decision-making process. In order to estimate the impact of gasoline and NG prices and quantify the benefit of the collaboration between automakers and electricity generators, an optimization model is developed to evaluate the total societal cost and CO2 emissions for both sectors. Various scenario analyses are conducted to understand the cost and capacity planning differences when gasoline and NG prices vary while the two sectors can work jointly or independently to meet the CO2 emission constraints. These results help us understand the impact of gasoline and NG prices in achieving GHG reduction targets for the two major sectors of CO2 emissions in the United States.

scholarly journals Natural Gas Potential of Pakistan an Important Parameter in Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Abdul Majeed Shar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Gas Potential ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is one of the most challenging issues in Pakistan and has affected humans in every sphere of life. Pakistan is ranked on 8th in the world among the countries emitting Greenhouse gases (GHG). Such an extensive emission of GHG is due to the growing number of industrial units and urban centres consuming fossil fuels that emit GHG at a large scale. Mitigating the GHG emission indeed is a challenge for Pakistan. This manuscript highlights the GHG emission status and provides recommendations with suitable alternatives to mitigate the emission. Simultaneously, the study explores the impact of switching over the fuels from conventional fossil fuels to unconventional natural gas as a source of energy for domestic use, transportations and industrial sectors to mitigate the GHG emission. Natural gas is considered as green fuel due to the low carbon emission ratio as other fuels e.g. coal and oil. If Pakistan becomes successful in exploring and exploiting the indigenous untapped natural gas resources, that will eventually support in reducing the GHG emissions. This is only possible by making new natural gas reservoir discoveries. Discovering new gas reservoirs from unconventional resources is also very challenging and requires investment and modification in existing energy policies. In addition, the government should encourage the Exploration Production (EP) companies to exploit the hidden natural gas potential that will assist in both alleviating the energy deficit and reducing the GHG emission. The findings of the present study analysis have substantial implications regarding GHG mitigation, energy transition, and economic development.

scholarly journals On the Role of Electric Vehicles towards Low-Carbon Energy Systems: Italy and Germany in Comparison

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Bellocchi ◽  
Kai Klöckner ◽  
Michele Manno ◽  
Michel Noussan ◽  
Michela Vellini
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Low Carbon Energy ◽  
The Impact

Electric vehicles, being able to reduce pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions and shift the economy away from oil products, can play a major role in the transition towards low-carbon energy systems. However, the related increase in electricity demand inevitably affects the strategic planning of the overall energy system as well as the definition of the optimal power generation mix. With this respect, the impact of electric vehicles may vary significantly depending on the composition of both total primary energy supply and electricity generation. In this study, Italy and Germany are compared to highlight how a similarity in their renewable shares not necessarily leads to a CO2 emissions reduction. Different energy scenarios are simulated with the help of EnergyPLAN software assuming a progressive increase in renewable energy sources capacity and electric vehicles penetration. Results show that, for the German case, the additional electricity required leads to a reduction in CO2 emissions only if renewable capacity increases significantly, whereas the Italian energy system benefits from transport electrification even at low renewable capacity. Smart charging strategies are also found to foster renewable integration; however, power curtailments are still significant at high renewable capacity in the absence of large-scale energy storage systems.

scholarly journals Do Environmental Stringency Policies and Human Development Reduce CO2 Emissions? Evidence from G7 and BRICS Economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6727
Author(s):  
Funda Hatice Sezgin ◽  
Yilmaz Bayar ◽  
Laura Herta ◽  
Marius Dan Gavriletea
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Impact

This study explores the impact of environmental policies and human development on the CO2 emissions for the period of 1995–2015 in the Group of Seven and BRICS economies in the long run through panel cointegration and causality tests. The causality analysis revealed a bilateral causality between environmental stringency policies and CO2 emissions for Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, and a unilateral causality from CO2 emissions to the environmental stringency policies for Canada, China, and France. On the other hand, the analysis showed a bilateral causality between human development and CO2 emissions for Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, and unilateral causality from CO2 emissions to human development in Brazil, Canada, China, and France. Furthermore, the cointegration analysis indicated that both environmental stringency policies and human development had a decreasing impact on the CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Energy Security Problem amid Global Energy Transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-784
Author(s):  
Yury V. Borovsky
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

In the early 2020s the worlds transition from carbon-intensive to climate-neutral energy use has already become a discernible and a difficult-to-reverse process. With Joe Bidens election as US president, the United States have returned to the Paris Climate Agreement and have become a key driver of this process (along with the EU and China). As a result, the international community has reached a consensus on the ongoing energy transition. This process will require considerable effort and may take several decades. Nevertheless, the impact of energy transition on traditional approaches to energy security, which emerged largely as a result of the global oil crises of the 1970s and 1980s and are centered around the supply of fossil fuels, is already a relevant research topic. This problem is examined relying on the relevant terminological, theoretical and factual material. The article concludes that energy transition will ultimately undermine the carbon paradigm that has underpinned energy security policies since the 1970s. Rapid development of renewable and other low-carbon energy sources will certainly remove key energy security risks of energy importers and, possibly, allow them to achieve energy independence. However, a post-carbon era may also generate new risks. For countries that rely heavily on oil, gas and coal exports, energy transition will result in the loss of markets and revenues. It may present an energy security threat for them as well as it will require a costly and technologically complex process of the energy sector decarbonization. Some exporters, especially those with high fuel rents and insufficient financial reserves, may face serious economic and social upheavals as a result of energy transition. The EU and the US energy transition policies reflect provisions of all three fundamental international relations theoretical paradigms, including realism. This means that the EU and the US policy, aimed at promoting climate agenda, may be expected to be rather tough and aggressive. China as the third key player in energy transition is still following a liberal course; however, it may change in the future.

Modeling and Analysis of a CNG Residential Refueling System

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo Joon Bang ◽  
Stephanie Stockar ◽  
Matteo Muratori ◽  
Giorgio Rizzoni
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Technological Barrier ◽  
Power Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact

Natural gas has recently been proposed as an alternative fuel for transportation in the United States. Refueling infrastructure is the major technological barrier to the market penetration of passenger compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. Currently, there is about one natural gas refueling station every 150 gasoline pumps. Nevertheless, natural gas is widely available in American houses, and thus distributed residential refueling is seen as a viable solution. Generally, residential CNG refueling systems use compressors driven by electric motors. With a potential increase in the number of residential natural gas refueling systems over the next few years, the additional load that this system will introduce on the electric power infrastructure can be significant. In this paper, a system dynamic model of a residential refueling system has been developed and validated against data available in the literature. Ultimately, the model will allow for exploring the impact of residential refueling of CNG vehicles on the electric power infrastructure.

Experimental Investigation of the Performance of a Micro Gas Turbine Fueled With Mixtures of Natural Gas and Biogas

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homam Nikpey ◽  
Mohsen Assadi ◽  
Peter Breuhaus
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
The Impact

Previously published studies have addressed modifications to the engines when operating with biogas, i.e. a low heating value (LHV) fuel. This study focuses on mapping out the possible biogas share in a fuel mixture of biogas and natural gas in micro combined heat and power (CHP) installations without any engine modifications. This contributes to a reduction in CO2 emissions from existing CHP installations and makes it possible to avoid a costly upgrade of biogas to the natural gas quality as well as engine modifications. Moreover, this approach allows the use of natural gas as a “fallback” solution in the case of eventual variations of the biogas composition and or shortage of biogas, providing improved availability. In this study, the performance of a commercial 100kW micro gas turbine (MGT) is experimentally evaluated when fed by varying mixtures of natural gas and biogas. The MGT is equipped with additional instrumentation, and a gas mixing station is used to supply the demanded fuel mixtures from zero biogas to maximum possible level by diluting natural gas with CO2. A typical biogas composition with 0.6 CH4 and 0.4 CO2 (in mole fraction) was used as reference, and corresponding biogas content in the supplied mixtures was computed. The performance changes due to increased biogas share were studied and compared with the purely natural gas fired engine. This paper presents the test rig setup used for the experimental activities and reports results, demonstrating the impact of burning a mixture of biogas and natural gas on the performance of the MGT. Comparing with when only natural gas was fired in the engine, the electrical efficiency was almost unchanged and no significant changes in operating parameters were observed. It was also shown that burning a mixture of natural gas and biogas contributes to a significant reduction in CO2 emissions from the plant.

Cyprus will try to improve tarnished image in West

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Property Prices ◽  
Investment Programme ◽  
The Impact

Subject Nicosia’s decision to revoke the citizenship of 26 foreign nationals. Significance Cyprus has tightened up its Citizenship by Investment Programme (CIP) with regard to certain controversial individuals out of a desire to strengthen relations with the United States and EU. This is particularly important given Turkish efforts to prevent Cyprus exploring for natural gas in its waters. Impacts According to a finance ministry study, CIP made a positive but relatively small contribution to GDP during 2013-18. The construction sector benefited in particular, with employment rising by about 8%. The effect on property prices seems largely to have been confined to Limassol. The impact on Cypriot banking amounted largely to stabilising the sector and providing a new source of finance during the banking crisis.

scholarly journals Comparison and Analysis of GPS Measured Electric Vehicle Charging Demand: The Case of Western Sweden and Seattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Hartvigsson ◽  
Niklas Jakobsson ◽  
Maria Taljegard ◽  
Mikael Odenberger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Driving Patterns ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Charging Demand

Electrification of transportation using electric vehicles has a large potential to reduce transport related emissions but could potentially cause issues in generation and distribution of electricity. This study uses GPS measured driving patterns from conventional gasoline and diesel cars in western Sweden and Seattle, United States, to estimate and analyze expected charging coincidence assuming these driving patterns were the same for electric vehicles. The results show that the electric vehicle charging power demand in western Sweden and Seattle is 50–183% higher compared to studies that were relying on national household travel surveys in Sweden and United States. The after-coincidence charging power demand from GPS measured driving behavior converges at 1.8 kW or lower for Sweden and at 2.1 kW or lower for the United States The results show that nominal charging power has the largest impact on after-coincidence charging power demand, followed by the vehicle’s electricity consumption and lastly the charging location. We also find that the reduction in charging demand, when charging is moved in time, is largest for few vehicles and reduces as the number of vehicles increase. Our results are important when analyzing the impact from large scale introduction of electric vehicles on electricity distribution and generation.

scholarly journals Residential Natural Gas Demand Response Potential during Extreme Cold Events in Electricity-Gas Coupled Energy Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5192
Author(s):  
Andrew Speake ◽  
Paul Donohoo-Vallett ◽  
Eric Wilson ◽  
Emily Chen ◽  
Craig Christensen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Residential Heating ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Natural Gas Demand ◽  
The Impact

In regions where natural gas is used for both power generation and heating buildings, extreme cold weather events can place the electrical system under enormous stress and challenge the ability to meet residential heating and electric demands. Residential demand response has long been used in the power sector to curtail summer electric load, but these types of programs in general have not seen adoption in the natural gas sector during winter months. Natural gas demand response (NG-DR) has garnered interest given recent extreme cold weather events in the United States; however, the magnitude of savings and potential impacts—to occupants and energy markets—are not well understood. We present a case-study analysis of the technical potential for residential natural gas demand response in the northeast United States that utilizes diverse whole-building energy simulations and high-performance computing. Our results show that NG-DR applied to residential heating systems during extreme cold-weather conditions could reduce natural gas demand by 1–29% based on conservative and aggressive strategies, respectively. This indicates a potential to improve the resilience of gas and electric systems during stressful events, which we examine by estimating the impact on energy costs and electricity generation from natural gas. We also explore relationships between hourly indoor temperatures, demand response, and building envelope efficiency.

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