Motorcycle Tire Modeling

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Ballo ◽  
Massimiliano Gobbi ◽  
Giampiero Mastinu ◽  
Giorgio Previati ◽  
Roberto Zerboni
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tire Modeling ◽  
Explicit Formulae

The knowledge of the actual distribution of the contact forces transmitted by the tire to the rim is of crucial importance for the lightweight design of motorcycles wheels. In this paper, an analytical model of a motorcycle tire is developed and explicit formulae giving the distribution of the static radial and axial forces acting between the tyre and the rim for a given vertical load have been derived. The analytical model has been validated by means of a FE model of the tire and wheel and on the basis of indoor experimental tests. The proposed analytical model is able to predict the radial static deflection of both a front and a rear tire for a racing motorbike with very good accuracy over a wide range of inflating pressures and vertical loads. The force distributions are in very good agreement with the results of the FE model.

Motorcycle Tire Modeling for the Study of Tire–Rim Interaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Ballo ◽  
Massimiliano Gobbi ◽  
Gianpiero Mastinu ◽  
Giorgio Previati
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Fem Model ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Wheel Rim ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tire Modeling

For the lightweight design of the wheel rim of motorcycles, the knowledge of the way in which contact forces are transmitted by the tire is of crucial importance. In this paper, an analytical model of the tire is developed and explicit formulae giving the distribution of the radial and axial forces acting on the wheel rim for a given vertical load are derived. The analytical model is validated by means of a finite element method (FEM) model and experimental tests. The proposed analytical model is able to predict the radial deflection of both a front and a rear tire for a racing motorbike with very good accuracy over a wide range of inflating pressures and vertical loads. The force distributions are in very good agreement with the results of the FEM model. Experimental tests show that the force distribution at the interface between the tire and rim can be used to predict the stress distribution in the rim with a good accuracy.

On the Axisymmetric Response of a Damaged Flexible Pipe

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Renato M. de Sousa ◽  
Carlos Magluta ◽  
Ney Roitman ◽  
George C. Campello
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
High Stress Concentration

This work focuses on the structural analysis of a damaged 9.13″ flexible pipe to pure and combined axisymmetric loads. A set of experimental tests was carried out considering one up to ten broken wires in the outer tensile armor of the pipe and the results obtained are compared to those provided by a previously presented finite element (FE) model and a traditional analytical model. In the experimental tests, the pipe was firstly subjected to pure tension and, then, the responses to clockwise and anti-clockwise torsion superimposed with tension were investigated. In these tests, the induced strains in the outer armor were measured. Moreover, the axial elongation of the pipe was monitored when the pipe is subjected to tension, whilst the twist of the pipe was measured when torsion is imposed. The experimental results pointed to a slight decrease in the stiffness of the pipe with the increasing number of broken wires and, furthermore, a redistribution of forces among the intact wires of the damaged layer with high stress concentration in the wires close to the damaged ones. Both theoretical models captured these features, but, while the results obtained with the FE model agreed well with the experimental measurements, the traditional analytical model presented non-conservative results. Finally, the results obtained are employed to estimate the load capacity of the pipe.

Topology Optimization of an Automotive Tailor-Welded Blank Door

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyao Li ◽  
Fengxiang Xu ◽  
Xiaodong Huang ◽  
Guangyong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Optimal Thickness ◽  
Evolutionary Structural Optimization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Beso Method ◽  
Tailor Welded Blank

Bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method has been successfully applied for a wide range of topology optimization problems. In this paper, the BESO method is further extended to the optimal design of an automotive tailor-welded blank (TWB) door with multiple thicknesses. Different from the traditional topology optimization for solid-void designs, topology optimization of the TWB door needs to identify the weld lines which joint sheets with different thicknesses. The finite element (FE) model of the automotive door assembly is established and verified by a series of stiffness experiments. Then, the proposed optimization procedure is applied to the optimization of the automotive TWB indoor panel for the optimal thickness layout and weld lines locations. Numerical results give guidelines for the lightweight design of TWB components to some extent.

Investigation Into the Effects of Index Angle on Fluidborne Noise and Structureborne Noise of a Tandem Axial Piston Pump

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaogan Ye ◽  
Bing Xu ◽  
Junhui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Piston Pump ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Axial Piston Pump ◽  
Revolution Speed ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lp Model ◽  
Axial Piston

High noise level is one of the dominant drawbacks of axial piston pumps which are widely applied in industry, mobile and aircraft applications. Lots of early studies focused on the noise reduction of a single pump, while this study focuses on investigating the noise characteristics of a tandem axial piston pump. We develop a lumped parameters/finite element (LP/FE) model of an axial piston pump for fully capturing its fluidborne noise and structureborne noise characteristics. We consider fluid compressibility and main leakages in the LP model which is verified by a comparison of discharge flow rate with experimental tests built based on the secondary source method. The FE model was developed on the basis of actual pump with excitation forces obtained from the LP model. The effects of index angle in a tandem pump to the fluidborne noise and structureborne noise are analyzed with the LP/FE model, respectively. A sensitivity analysis is carried out in a wide range of discharge pressures and displacements at a fixed revolution speed, further. Results indicate that fluidborne noise is reduced by 52.1%, whilst structureborne noise is increased by 2 dB(A) with an index angle of 20° to zero, respectively.

Analysis of Static Strength and Failure Mode of FSSW Joint in Aluminum Alloy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Vivio ◽  
Vincenzo Vullo ◽  
Pierluigi Fanelli
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Static Strength ◽  
Structural Behavior ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Lap Joint ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Friction Stir

In this paper an analysis of Friction Stir Spot Welds (FSSW), applied to lap joint aluminum alloy is presented. The analyses regards the structural behavior of FSSW joints in order to assess the failure mode and its dependence on mechanical properties distribution of the sheets material and, consequently, on process parameters. FSSW joint is analyzed by means of a complex 3D FE model, which allows to evaluate, in a parametric manner, the multifaceted internal geometry of the joint and the actual distribution of material mechanical characteristics after welding. Experimental tests allowed to verify the results and to calibrate the material characteristics in the FE model.

scholarly journals Dynamic perforation and compression tests of PMMA for a wide range of temperatures - experimental and preliminary numerical analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 02055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Klosak ◽  
Alexis Rusinek ◽  
Tomasz Jankowiak ◽  
Zakaria El Qoubba ◽  
Rodrigue Matadi Boumbimba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Stress Evolution ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Key Factor

Experimental tests were carried out on poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) in order to define its mechanical behaviour over a wide range of temperature. To reach high strain rate, perforation tests were performed within a wide range of temperatures using a high-performance oven, from room temperature to 130 °C, above the glass transition temperature Tg. In addition, the results were confronted with compression tests previously obtained. Based on experiments, the temperature transition between fragile and ductile was defined. The material became fully ductile above 118 °C inducing no cracking and debris during the perforation process. The yield stress evolution as function of strain rate for various temperatures was modelled by using the cooperative model. The model predictions were in agreement with experimental data. Two material models developed by Richeton and Nasraoui were analysed, the latter was then implemented into the FE model to simulate perforation tests for a wide range of temperatures and strain rates. It was observed that the coupling strain rate-temperature is a key factor to predict the structure behaviour not only in terms of material behaviour but also in terms of dynamic failure.

Transient creep analytical modeling for shear endplate assemblies in fire

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-309
Author(s):  
Hadi O. Al Haddad ◽  
Elie G. Hantouche
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Thermal Creep ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Creep Effect ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
In Fire

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop an analytical model that is capable of predicting the behavior of shear endplate beam-column assemblies when exposed to fire, taking into account the thermal creep effect. Design/methodology/approach An analytical model is developed and validated against finite element (FE) models previously validated against experimental tests in the literature. Major material and geometrical parameters are incorporated in the analysis to investigate their influence on the overall response of the shear endplate assembly in fire events. Findings The analytical model can predict the induced axial forces and deflections of the assembly. The results show that when creep effect is considered explicitly in the analysis, the beam undergoes excessive deformation. This deformation needs to be taken into account in the design. The results show the significance of thermal creep effect on the behavior of the shear endplate assembly as exposed to various fire scenarios. Research limitations/implications However, the user-defined constants of the creep equations cannot be applied to other connection types. These constants are limited to shear endplate connections having the material and geometrical parameters specified in this study. Originality/value The importance of the analytical model is that it provides a time-effective, simple and comprehensive technique that can be used as an alternative to the experimental tests and numerical methods. Also, it can be used to develop a design procedure that accounts for the transient thermal creep behavior of steel connections in real fire.

scholarly journals Tire-Rim Interaction, a Semi-Analytical Tire Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Ballo ◽  
Giorgio Previati ◽  
Massimiliano Gobbi ◽  
Gianpiero Mastinu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Wheel Rim ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Development And Validation

This paper deals with the development and validation of a semi-analytical tire model able to compute the forces at the interface between tire and rim. The knowledge of the forces acting on the rim is of crucial importance for the lightweight design of wheels. The proposed model requires a limited set of data to be calibrated. The model is compared with complete finite element (FE) models of the tire and rim. Despite its simplicity, the semi-analytical model is able to predict the forces acting on the rim, in agreement with the forces computed by complete FE models. The stress state in the wheel rim, computed by the developed semi-analytical model matches fairly well the corresponding stress state coming from experimental tests.

A novel model of Z-pin insertion in prepreg based on fracture mechanics

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542110144
Author(s):  
Guobiao Ji ◽  
Liang Cheng ◽  
Shaohua Fei ◽  
Jiangxiong Li ◽  
Yinglin Ke
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Cohesive Elements ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Insertion Force ◽  
Mechanics Model

Through-thickness reinforcement is a promising solution to the problem of delamination susceptibility in laminated composites. Modeling Z-pin–prepreg interaction is essential for accurate robotics-assisted Z-pin insertion. In this paper, a novel Z-pin insertion force model combining the classical cohesive finite element (FE) method with a dynamic analytical fracture mechanics model is proposed. The velocity-dependent cohesive elements, in which the fracture toughness is provided by the analytical model, are implemented in Z-pin insertion FE model to predict the crack initiation and propagation. Then Z-pin insertion experiments are performed on prepreg sample with metallic Z-pins at different velocities to identify the analytical model parameters and validate the simulation predictions offered by the model. Dynamics of Z-pin interaction with inhomogeneous prepreg is described and the effects of insertion velocity on prepreg contact force are studied. Results show that the force model agrees well with experiments and the fracture toughness rises with the increasing Z-pin insertion velocity.

scholarly journals Simulation Verification of the Contact Parameter Influence on the Forces’ Course of Cereal Grain Impact against a Stiff Surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Kęska ◽  
Jacek Marcinkiewicz ◽  
Łukasz Gierz ◽  
Żaneta Staszak ◽  
Jarosław Selech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Contact Parameter ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

The continuous development of computer technology has made it applicable in many scientific fields, including research into a wide range of processes in agricultural machines. It allows the simulation of very complex physical phenomena, including grain motion. A recently discovered discrete element method (DEM) is used for this purpose. It involves direct integration of equations of grain system motion under the action of various forces, the most important of which are contact forces. The method’s accuracy depends mainly on precisely developed mathematical models of contacts. The creation of such models requires empirical validation, an experiment that investigates the course of contact forces at the moment of the impact of the grains. To achieve this, specialised test stations equipped with force and speed sensors were developed. The correct selection of testing equipment and interpretation of results play a decisive role in this type of research. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the force sensor dynamic properties’ influence on the measurement accuracy of the course of the plant grain impact forces against a stiff surface. The issue was examined using the computer simulation method. A proprietary computer software with the main calculation module and data input procedures, which presents results in a graphic form, was used for calculations. From the simulation, graphs of the contact force and force signal from the sensor were obtained. This helped to clearly indicate the essence of the correct selection of parameters used in the tests of sensors, which should be characterised by high resonance frequency.

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