Graph Based Representation and Analyses for Conceptual Stages

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Coatanéa ◽  
Sarayut Nonsiri ◽  
Francois Christophe ◽  
Faisal Mokammel
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Automatic Mode ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Causal Graphs ◽  
Early Phases

What is the fundamental similarity between investing in stock of a company, because you like the products of this company, and selecting a design concept, because you have been impressed by the esthetic quality of the presentation made by the team developing the concept? Except that both decisions are based on a surface analysis of the situations, they both reflect a fundamental human’s cognitive feature. Human brain is profoundly trying to minimize the efforts required to solve a cognitive task and is using when possible an automatic mode relying on recognition, memory, and causality. This mode is even used in some occasion without the engineer being conscious of it. Such type of tendencies are naturally pushing engineers to rush into known solutions, to avoid analyzing the context of a design problem, to avoid modelling design problems and to take decision based on isolated evidences. Those behaviors are familiar to experience teachers and engineers. This tendency is magnified by the time pressure imposed to the engineering design process. Early phases in particular have to be kept short despite the large impact of decisions taken at this stage. Few support tools are capable of supporting a deep analysis of the early design conditions and problems regarding the fuzziness and complexity of the early stage. The present article is hypothesizing that the natural ability of humans to deal with cause-effects relations push toward the massive usage of causal graphs analysis during the design process and specifically during the early phases. A global framework based on graphs is presented in this paper to efficiently support the early stages. The approach used to generate graphs, to analyze them and to support creativity based on the analysis is forming the central contribution of this paper.

scholarly journals Representation in Early Stage Design: An Analysis of the Influence of Sketching and Prototyping in Design Projects

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Elsen ◽  
Anders Häggman ◽  
Tomonori Honda ◽  
Maria C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Design Projects ◽  
Early Stage Design ◽  
Team Design

Sketching and prototyping of design concepts have long been valued as tools to support productive early stage design. This study investigates previous findings about the interplay between the use and timing of use of such design tools. This study evaluates such tools in the context of team design projects. General trends and statistically significant results about “sketchstorming” and prototyping suggest that, in certain constrained contexts, the focus should be on the quality of information rather than on the quantity of information generated, and that prototyping should begin as soon as possible during the design process. Ramifications of these findings are discussed in the context of educating future designers on the efficient use of design tools.

Assessing Early Stage Design Sketches and Reflections on Prototyping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhurima Das ◽  
Maria C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
Novice Designers ◽  
Early Stage Design ◽  
Design Ideas ◽  
Early Phases

Abstract Designers routinely create informal “thinking” sketches to explore a design space and “talking” sketches to communicate design ideas during the early phases of the design process. This study proposes a rubric for assessing the quality of novice designers’ early stage design sketches including line smoothness, proportion, and understandability. The study finds a positive correlation between sketch quality and understandability, which indicates the importance of sketch quality when using sketches as a communication tool. Results indicate that early stage sketch quantity is linked with design outcomes, though sketch quality does not have a strong correlation with design outcomes. The study also finds a link between frequency of sketching and having higher maximum sketch quality scores (i.e. at least one excellent sketch) as well as a correlation between individuals’ maximum sketch quality scores and their overall design outcomes. This study presents a new tool to capture what is learned by the designer after each iteration of a prototype. Preliminary results indicate that reflection on both the technical and emotional aspects of prototyping may be valuable and should be an area of further study. Finally, several results point to novice designers’ lack of consistent focus on users in their prototyping reflections and presentations.

scholarly journals A Study of the Effects of Time Pressure on Translation Quantity and Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Mehdi Ghobadi ◽  
Golnaz Madadi ◽  
Bahareh Najafian
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Iranian Students ◽  
Experimental Group

The condition under which translation is undertaken has been the subject of little empirical research. The present study aimed to determine whether time pressure would have influential effects on the quality and quantity of a translation task performed by Iranian students of Translation Studies. For this purpose, the students in two intact MA translation classrooms were selected as the participants of the study; i.e., one control group and one experimental group. The participants in the control group were allowed as much as time they needed to perform the translation task whereas the participants in the experimental group were allowed only 30 minutes to perform the task. The results of the study indicated that time pressure had significant influences on both the quality and quantity of the translation task performed by the participants. A trade-off was observed as the participants in the experimental group produced more translated materials than the participants in the control group when compared on a time-constant scale. The quality of their performance, however, lagged behind the quality of performance by the participants in the control group. These results can be explained by the competition model of cognition which hypothesizes that different dimensions of a cognitive task are in constant competition to win over attentional resources and that the competition is highly influenced by the condition in which the task is performed. The implications of the study for both translation theory and practice are also discussed. 

Assessing Early Stage Design Sketches and Reflections on Prototyping

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Madhurima Das ◽  
Maria Yang
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
Novice Designers ◽  
Early Stage Design ◽  
Design Ideas ◽  
Early Phases

Abstract Designers routinely create informal “thinking” sketches to explore a design space, “talking” sketches to communicate design ideas during the early phases of the design process, and “learning” prototypes to test potential concepts. This study presents two new tools to assess novice designers' sketch attributes and prototyping reflections in the context of an introductory design course. First, it proposes a rubric for assessing the quality of early stage design sketches including line smoothness, proportion, and understandability. Of particular note is the contribution of assessing understandability as a metric for sketches as communication tools. This study also presents a tool to capture designer reflections after each iteration of a prototype. Not only does this record what is learned about a design, but also personal and emotional reactions to the process. Sketching-related results show a positive correlation between sketch quality and understandability, indicating the importance of sketch quality especially when designers use sketches to communicate. Results also indicate that early stage sketch quantity, but not quality, is linked with design outcomes. The study also finds a link between frequency of sketching and higher maximum sketch quality scores (i.e. at least one excellent sketch) as well as a correlation between individuals' maximum sketch quality scores and overall design outcomes. Preliminary results around prototyping indicate that reflection on both the technical and emotional aspects of prototyping may be a worthwhile area of further study. Finally, several results point to novice designers' lack of consistent focus on users in their prototyping reflections and presentations.

scholarly journals Quality of Life among Bangladeshi Youth during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single-site Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 100157
Author(s):  
Somaresh Kumar Mondal ◽  
Abdul Gaffar Khan ◽  
Md. Mamun Ali ◽  
Mir Kaosar Ahamed ◽  
Kawsar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Site Survey

scholarly journals Fast Multi-Focus Fusion Based on Deep Learning for Early-Stage Embryo Image Enhancement

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Vidas Raudonis ◽  
Agne Paulauskaite-Taraseviciene ◽  
Kristina Sutiene
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Image Fusion ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Cell Detection ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Fused Image ◽  
Stage Embryo ◽  
Early Stage Embryo

Background: Cell detection and counting is of essential importance in evaluating the quality of early-stage embryo. Full automation of this process remains a challenging task due to different cell size, shape, the presence of incomplete cell boundaries, partially or fully overlapping cells. Moreover, the algorithm to be developed should process a large number of image data of different quality in a reasonable amount of time. Methods: Multi-focus image fusion approach based on deep learning U-Net architecture is proposed in the paper, which allows reducing the amount of data up to 7 times without losing spectral information required for embryo enhancement in the microscopic image. Results: The experiment includes the visual and quantitative analysis by estimating the image similarity metrics and processing times, which is compared to the results achieved by two wellknown techniques—Inverse Laplacian Pyramid Transform and Enhanced Correlation Coefficient Maximization. Conclusion: Comparatively, the image fusion time is substantially improved for different image resolutions, whilst ensuring the high quality of the fused image.

Current measures of distress may not account for what's most important in existential care interventions: Results of the outlook trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-657
Author(s):  
Karen E. Steinhauser ◽  
Karen M. Stechuchak ◽  
Katherine Ramos ◽  
Joseph Winger ◽  
James A. Tulsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Screening For Distress ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

AbstractObjectiveCompare the efficacy of two interventions addressing emotional and existential well-being in early life-limiting illness.MethodPrimary trial analysis (n = 135) included patients with advanced cancer, congestive heart failure, or end-stage renal disease; Arm 1 received the Outlook intervention, addressing issues of life completion and preparation, and Arm 2 received relaxation meditation (RM). Primary outcomes at five weeks (primary endpoint) and seven weeks (secondary): completion and preparation (QUAL-E); secondary outcomes: anxiety (POMS) quality of life (FACT-G) and spiritual well-being (FACIT-Sp) subscales of faith, meaning, and peace.ResultsAverage age was 62; 56% were post-high school-educated, 54% were married, 52% white, 44% female, and 70% had a cancer diagnosis. At baseline, participants demonstrated low levels of anxiety (<5 on POMS subscale) and depression (<10 on CESD) relative to population norms. Results of the primary analysis revealed no significant differences in mean Preparation by treatment arm at five weeks (14.4 Outlook vs. 14.8 RM; between-group difference −0.4 [95% CI, −1.6, 0.8], p = 0.49) or seven weeks (15.2 vs.15.4; between-group difference −0.2 [95% CI, −1.5, 1.0], p = 0.73). There were also no significant differences in mean Life Completion by treatment arm between five weeks (26.6 Outlook vs. 26.3 RM; between-group difference 0.2 [95% CI, −1.2, 1.7], p = 0.76) or seven weeks (26.5 vs. 27.5; between-group difference −1.0 [95% CI, −2.7, 0.7], p = 0.23). Compared to RM, Outlook participants did not have significant differences over time in the secondary outcomes of overall quality of life, anxiety, depression, FACT-G subscales, and FACIT-Sp subscales.DiscussionIn early-stage life-limiting illness, Outlook did not demonstrate a significant difference in primary or secondary outcomes relative to RM. Results underscore the importance of pre-screening for distress. Qualitatively, Outlook participants were able to express suppressed emotions, place illness context, reflect on adaptations, and strengthen identity. Screening for distress and identifying specified measures of distress, beyond anxiety and depression, is essential in our ability to adequately assess the multi-dimensional mechanisms that decrease existential suffering.

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