Advancing Design Through the Creation and Visualization of Virtual Population Representing U.S. Civilians

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reuben Haupt ◽  
Matthew B. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Virtual Population ◽  
Digital Human Models ◽  
Digital Human ◽  
The U.S

Visualization of the U.S. civilian population provides perspective on the variability of body size and shape, enabling designers and engineers to better understand the needs of their target users. This paper presents a virtual population of digital human models, representative of the U.S. civilian population, and the methods used to create it. It is based on the observed variability in stature, BMI, and waist circumference in the data from the 2007–2010 CDC NHANES survey. The NHANES data were used in conjunction with regression models to develop the required model parameters. The models were then presented such that the variability and distribution of variability in anthropometry can be easily seen.

scholarly journals Virtual Modeling of User Populations and Formative Design Parameters

Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Knisely ◽  
Monifa Vaughn-Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Performance Studies ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Formative Design ◽  
Virtual Population ◽  
Digital Human Models ◽  
Virtual Modeling ◽  
Digital Human

Human variability related to physical, cognitive, socio-demographic, and other factors can contribute to large differences in human performance. Quantifying population heterogeneity can be useful for designers wishing to evaluate design parameters such that a system design is robust to this variability. Comprehensively integrating human variability in the design process poses many challenges, such as limited access to a statistically representative population and limited data collection resources. This paper discusses two virtual population modeling approaches intended to be performed prior to in-person design validation studies to minimize these challenges by: (1) targeting recruitment of representative population strata and (2) reducing the candidate design parameters being validated in the target population. The first approach suggests the use of digital human models, virtual representations of humans that can simulate system interaction to eliminate candidate design parameters. The second approach suggests the use of existing human databases to identify relevant human characteristics for representative recruitment strata in subsequent studies. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate each approach, and the benefits and limitations of each are discussed. This paper demonstrates the benefit of modeling prior to conducting in-person human performance studies to minimize resource burden, which has significant implications on early design stages.

THE PREDICTIVE CONTENT OF DISAGGREGATED NORMAL INCOME: An Empirical Study in the JSX

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slamet Sugiri
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
Predictive Content ◽  
Multiple Step

The main objective of this study is to examine a hypothesis that the predictive content of normal income disaggregated into operating income and nonoperating income outperforms that of aggregated normal income in predicting future cash flow. To test the hypothesis, linear regression models are developed. The model parameters are estimated based on fifty-five manufacturing firms listed in the Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX) up to the end of 1997.This study finds that empirical evidence supports the hypothesis. This evidence supports arguments that, in reporting income from continuing operations, multiple-step approach is preferred to single-step one.

scholarly journals Ontogeny of body size and shape of Antarctic and subantarctic fur seals

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1275-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián P. Luque ◽  
Edward H. Miller ◽  
John P.Y. Arnould ◽  
Magaly Chambellant ◽  
Christophe Guinet
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Lactation Duration

Pre- and post-weaning functional demands on body size and shape of mammals are often in conflict, especially in species where weaning involves a change of habitat. Compared with long lactations, brief lactations are expected to be associated with fast rates of development and attainment of adult traits. We describe allometry and growth for several morphological traits in two closely related fur seal species with large differences in lactation duration at a sympatric site. Longitudinal data were collected from Antarctic ( Arctocephalus gazella (Peters, 1875); 120 d lactation) and subantarctic ( Arctocephalus tropicalis (Gray, 1872); 300 d lactation) fur seals. Body mass was similar in neonates of both species, but A. gazella neonates were longer, less voluminous, and had larger foreflippers. The species were similar in rate of preweaning growth in body mass, but growth rates of linear variables were faster for A. gazella pups. Consequently, neonatal differences in body shape increased over lactation, and A. gazella pups approached adult body shape faster than did A. tropicalis pups. Our results indicate that preweaning growth is associated with significant changes in body shape, involving the acquisition of a longer, more slender body with larger foreflippers in A. gazella. These differences suggest that A. gazella pups are physically more mature at approximately 100 d of age (close to weaning age) than A. tropicalis pups of the same age.

Experimental Study of an Airplane Accident Evacuation/Rescue Simulation Using 3D Kinematic Digital Human Models

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kakizaki ◽  
Jiro Urii ◽  
Mitsuru Endo
Keyword(s):  
Test Field ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Digital Human Models ◽  
Emergency Exit ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Evacuation Drills ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Mass Evacuation ◽  
Digital Human

The 3D mass evacuation simulation of an airplane accident is experimentally verified. Evacuee motion has been experimentally investigated by building a test field that emulates the interior of an actual regional airliner with a capacity of approximately 100 passengers. The experiment results indicate that the evacuation time tends to be affected by the number of passengers and the evacuee guidance at the emergency exit. The results also indicate that any evacuation delay in exiting by individual passengers only slightly affects the total evacuation time because of evacuee congestion in the aisles. Moreover, the importance of evacuation guidance notification was investigated based on the evacuation-order variance. Finally, the experimental results were compared to the corresponding simulation results. Simulations using appropriate evacuee walking speeds can provide valid evacuation times, which are the most important factor in designing evacuation drills. Consequently, these results should be applied to existing 3D simulations using precise KDH models for more accurate mass evacuation/rescue simulations.

scholarly journals Influence of Lifestyle Aspects on the Association of Body Size and Shape with All-Cause Mortality in Middle-Aged Men and Women

Obesity Facts ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Bigaard ◽  
Jane Christensen ◽  
Anne Tjønneland ◽  
Birthe Lykke Thomsen ◽  
Kim Overvad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Estimating biomass from body size of European spiders based on regression models

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Penell ◽  
Florian Raub ◽  
Hubert Höfer
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Regression Models
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