Brain Activation Analysis of Voluntary Movement and Passive Movement Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Watanuki ◽  
Kenta Hirayama ◽  
Kazunori Kaede
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
Color Mapping ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain

During neural activity in the brain, humans transmit and process information and decide upon actions or responses. When neural activity occurs, blood flow and blood quantity increase in the tissue near the active neurons, and the ratio of oxygenated to deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood changes. In this paper, we used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine the state of hemoglobin oxygenation at the cerebral surface and on that basis performed real-time color mapping of brain activity (the brain activation response) in the target regions. In this paper, we describe measurements of brain activation using NIRS so as to clarify any differences between conscious and unconscious movement. Bio-locomotion is divided into voluntary movements, which are made voluntarily and consciously, and passive movements, which are made passively and unconsciously. Accordingly, in this paper we investigate the brain activation associated with these two types of movements. The subject successively moves his/her lower legs through knee bends. We measure the brain activities while the subject, who is sitting on a chair moves back and forth. In addition, we carry out an experiment on the effects of the existence or nonexistence of movement caused by vibration on brain activities to consider the results.

scholarly journals Prefrontal activation related to spontaneous creativity with rock music improvisation: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsumichi Tachibana ◽  
J. Adam Noah ◽  
Yumie Ono ◽  
Daisuke Taguchi ◽  
Shuichi Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Rock Music ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Left Dlpfc ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Abstract Understanding how the brain modulates improvisation has been the focus of numerous studies in recent years. Models have suggested regulation of activity between default mode and executive control networks play a role in improvisational execution. Several studies comparing formulaic to improvised sequences support this framework and document increases in activity in medial frontal lobe with decreased activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). These patterns can be influenced through training and neural responses may differ between in beginner and expert musicians. Our goal was to test the generalizability of this framework and determine similarity in neural activity in the prefrontal cortex during improvisation. Twenty guitarists performed improvised and formulaic sequences in a blues rock format while brain activity was recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Results indicate similar modulation in DLPFC as seen previously. Specific decreases of activity from left DLPFC in the end compared to beginning or middle of improvised sequences were also found. Despite the range of skills of participants, we also found significant correlation between subjective feelings of improvisational performance and modulation in left DLPFC. Processing of subjective feelings regardless of skill may contribute to neural modulation and may be a factor in understanding neural activity during improvisation.

scholarly journals Application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in the healthcare industry: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (06) ◽  
pp. 1930012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keum-Shik Hong ◽  
M. Atif Yaqub
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Hemodynamics ◽  
The Brain

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a growing neuroimaging modality, has been utilized over the past few decades to understand the neuronal behavior in the brain. The technique has been used to assess the brain hemodynamics of impaired cohorts as well as able-bodied. Neuroimaging is a critical technique for patients with impaired cognitive or motor behaviors. The portable nature of the fNIRS system is suitable for frequent monitoring of the patients who exhibit impaired brain activity. This study comprehensively reviews brain-impaired patients: The studies involving patient populations and the diseases discussed in more than 10 works are included. Eleven diseases examined in this paper include autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, depressive disorders, anxiety and panic disorder, schizophrenia, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. For each disease, the tasks used for examination, fNIRS variables, and significant findings on the impairment are discussed. The channel configurations and the regions of interest are also outlined. Detecting the occurrence of symptoms at an earlier stage is vital for better rehabilitation and faster recovery. This paper illustrates the usability of fNIRS for early detection of impairment and the usefulness in monitoring the rehabilitation process. Finally, the limitations of the current fNIRS systems (i.e., nonexistence of a standard method and the lack of well-established features for classification) and future research directions are discussed. The authors hope that the findings in this paper would lead to advanced breakthrough discoveries in the fNIRS field in the future.

scholarly journals Shining light on the brain to understand how it works and to help children who face difficulties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bell ◽  
Vanessa Reindl ◽  
Jana Kruppa ◽  
Alexandra Niephaus ◽  
Simon Huldreich Kohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Light ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Total Light ◽  
The Brain

Have you ever thought that light could tell you something about your brain? Light is a powerful tool that helps brain researchers understand the brain. Our eyes can only see less than 1 % of the total light around us. Some of the light is red, so-called near-infrared light. It can run through your head and the top layers of your brain and thereby gains important information about your brain activation. The technique that uses near-infrared light is called functional near-infrared spectroscopy. This term is very long, so we will call it “fNIRS” from now on. In this article, we will first show you how a fNIRS machine looks like and what it is like to take part in a fNIRS experiment. Next, we will explain how we can use near-infrared light to better understand the brain. Finally, we will give you some examples of what fNIRS can be used for and how we can use it to help children who face difficulties in their daily lives.

scholarly journals Tomographic Task-Related Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Acute Sport-Related Concussion: An Observational Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6273
Author(s):  
Mario Forcione ◽  
Antonio Maria Chiarelli ◽  
David Perpetuini ◽  
David James Davies ◽  
Patrick O’Halloran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
The Brain

Making decisions regarding return-to-play after sport-related concussion (SRC) based on resolution of symptoms alone can expose contact-sport athletes to further injury before their recovery is complete. Task-related functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) could be used to scan for abnormalities in the brain activation patterns of SRC athletes and help clinicians to manage their return-to-play. This study aims to show a proof of concept of mapping brain activation, using tomographic task-related fNIRS, as part of the clinical assessment of acute SRC patients. A high-density frequency-domain optical device was used to scan 2 SRC patients, within 72 h from injury, during the execution of 3 neurocognitive tests used in clinical practice. The optical data were resolved into a tomographic reconstruction of the brain functional activation pattern, using diffuse optical tomography. Moreover, brain activity was inferred using single-subject statistical analyses. The advantages and limitations of the introduction of this optical technique into the clinical assessment of acute SRC patients are discussed.

scholarly journals Mismatch between Tissue Partial Oxygen Pressure and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Neuromonitoring of Tissue Respiration in Acute Brain Trauma: The Rationale for Implementing a Multimodal Monitoring Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Mario Forcione ◽  
Mario Ganau ◽  
Lara Prisco ◽  
Antonio Maria Chiarelli ◽  
Andrea Bellelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Brain Trauma ◽  
Partial Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Partial Oxygen

The brain tissue partial oxygen pressure (PbtO2) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) neuromonitoring are frequently compared in the management of acute moderate and severe traumatic brain injury patients; however, the relationship between their respective output parameters flows from the complex pathogenesis of tissue respiration after brain trauma. NIRS neuromonitoring overcomes certain limitations related to the heterogeneity of the pathology across the brain that cannot be adequately addressed by local-sample invasive neuromonitoring (e.g., PbtO2 neuromonitoring, microdialysis), and it allows clinicians to assess parameters that cannot otherwise be scanned. The anatomical co-registration of an NIRS signal with axial imaging (e.g., computerized tomography scan) enhances the optical signal, which can be changed by the anatomy of the lesions and the significance of the radiological assessment. These arguments led us to conclude that rather than aiming to substitute PbtO2 with tissue saturation, multiple types of NIRS should be included via multimodal systemic- and neuro-monitoring, whose values then are incorporated into biosignatures linked to patient status and prognosis. Discussion on the abnormalities in tissue respiration due to brain trauma and how they affect the PbtO2 and NIRS neuromonitoring is given.

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