Estimation of Long-Term Copper Demand Based on Sustainability Scenarios: A Challenge to Sustainable Manufacturing Industry

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Kishita ◽  
Yuta Inoue ◽  
Shinichi Fukushige ◽  
Yasushi Umeda ◽  
Hideki Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

A variety of sustainability scenarios (e.g., IPCC’s Emissions Scenarios) have been described toward a sustainable society. While many of them aim at solving climate change problems and they often assume various low-carbon technologies, the problem is that such scenarios hardly examine their feasibility from the viewpoint of resource depletion. In particular, copper is a critical base metal because introducing low-carbon technologies (e.g., electric vehicles and wind power generators) may induce copper consumption. To assess feasibility of existing sustainability scenarios, this paper proposes a method for estimating long-term copper demand based on those scenarios. Our method proposes an integrated model that evaluates world copper demand from two principal aspects of influencing copper consumption — (1) the building of social infrastructure and (2) new products that might disseminate in the future (e.g., electric vehicles and photovoltaic systems). A case analysis on a long-term energy scenario is carried out. Its results reveal that the cumulative copper consumptions in the world exceed the copper reserved in the earth by 2040. The increase in copper consumptions results mainly from world economic growth led by developing countries, while the dissemination of electric vehicles and photovoltaic systems has a minor impact on the consumption increase.

scholarly journals Analysis of the BRICS countries’ pathways towards a low-carbon environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-102
Author(s):  
Agyemang Sampene ◽  
Cai Li ◽  
Fredrick Agyeman ◽  
Robert Brenya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

Global climate change has emerged as humanity’s greatest challenge, affecting both the natural security of the earth and the long-term growth of human society. Protecting the environment and fostering long-term growth while reducing carbon emissions has become a global concern. The BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) are participating in the fight against climate change through the promotion of low-carbon environment (LCE). In this study, we use content analysis to discuss some of the policies, plans, and programs outlined by the various governments in the BRICS that can help them implement an LCE. The study indicates that currently Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa are rated as “insufficient,” “critically insufficient,” “compatible,” “incompatible,” and “highly insufficient” respectively in their commitment to nationally determined contributions (NDC) to the Paris Agreement. The paper recommends that the BRICS countries achieve an LCE through expanding low-carbon investments and financing, focusing on taxation that goes beyond energy, investing in low-carbon cities, adapting to a circular economy and low-carbon technologies, expanding electricity markets, and promoting climate-friendly international trade among the BRICS countries.

scholarly journals The impacts of electric vehicles and heat pumps load profiles on low voltage distribution networks in Great Britain by 2050

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Rilwan O. Oliyide ◽  
Liana M. Cipcigan
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

The impacts of uptake and electricity load profiles of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Heat Pumps (HPs) on the low voltage (LV) distribution networks were analyzed. The United Kingdom (UK) has a legally mandated policy concerning reduction of greenhouse gasses (GHGs) emissions. Therefore, the integration of low carbon technologies (LCTs) especially EVs and HPs at the LV networks is expected to increase in the drive to reducing the GHGs emissions. Future uptake scenarios, adapted from the National Grid studies, of EVs and HPs were developed for a real and typical urban LV distribution network in Great Britain (GB). Gridlab-D, an agent-based power system simulation software, was used to model the LV distribution network. The model was run for four different scenarios considering seasonal load profiles and projected EVs and HPs uptakes for each of the year 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 respectively. The results were analyzed in terms of transformer loading, voltage profiles of the feeders, and the ampacity loading of the cables for the different scenarios of the years.

Opportunities for sustainable development of the Russian economy and social sphere through the use of carbon-free technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
В.В. ПОПОВ
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

В данной статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы перехода мировой и российской экономики на низкоуглеродные и безуглеродные технологии. Отмечается влияние стран и отраслей экономики на эмиссию парниковых газов. Приведены основные факторы парниковых газов в Российской экономике, крупные отрасли-эмитенты использования парниковых газов в энергетике горно-химического, нефтехимического производства, машиностроения и др., а также в отраслях сельского хозяйства. Определены основные угрозы для российской экономики в связи с переходом на низкоуглеродные и безуглеродные технологии. Подчеркивается значимость рынков стран и регионов для российских товаров, и как следствие потери для экономики страны с переходом стран – партнеров на сокращение выбросов углеводорода. В долгосрочной перспективе приводятся данные как отражение объемов непосредственных финансовых потерь российский компаний – экспортеров по отдельным отраслям в условиях реализации основных направлений развития безуглеродных технологий в стране. Богатая ресурсная база страны дает определенные преимущества. Одним из возможностей для российской экономики является учет и признание на мировом уровне поглощающей способности лесов. Отмечается необходимость разработки и реализации мероприятий по постепенному переходу на низкоуглеродные технологии в отраслях экономики. The article examines topical issues of the transition of the global and Russian economies to low-carbon and carbon-free technologies. The influence of countries and sectors of the economy on the emission of greenhouse gases is noted. The main factors of greenhouse gases in the Russian economy, large industries that emit greenhouse gases – energy, mining and chemical, petrochemical production, mechanical engineering, etc., as well as agriculture – were listed. The main threats to the Russian economy in connection with the transition to low-carbon and carbon-free technologies were identified. The importance of the markets of countries and regions for Russian goods and, as a consequence, losses for the country’s economy with the transition of partner countries to reducing hydrocarbon emissions is emphasized. It shows both the size of the direct financial losses of Russian exporting companies by industry and in the long term. The main directions for the development of carbon-free technologies in the country were determined, relying on a rich resource base, which gives Russia certain advantages. One of the opportunities for the Russian economy is the accounting and recognition at the world level of the absorbing capacity of forests. The need to develop and implement measures for the gradual transition to low-carbon technologies in the sectors of the economy is noted.

scholarly journals Investigating the Implications of the London Heathrow Airport Expansion for the Landside Freight Industry

Logistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Ryan Lee ◽  
Moayad Shammut ◽  
Julian Allen ◽  
Xing Gao ◽  
Tianren Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Air Cargo ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Negative Implication ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies ◽  
National Economies

The air cargo industry is hugely important to national economies, trade, and development. Thus far, there has been limited research on the landside freight industry. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to extend the understanding of how alterations in the air cargo industry impact on its landside freight counterpart. It also seeks to explore the potential opportunities and challenges this presents, as well as the measures that can be taken to mitigate unsustainable development for the landside freight industry. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the views of key stakeholders, freight industry experts, and other professionals. Our findings show that, if the airport expansion went ahead, the opportunities would generally outweigh the challenges. Increased freight activities and other positive spinoffs would result in the long-term. Increased freight activities and employment were the prime positive implications. Conversely, increased delays due to congestion was the main negative implication. Measures suggested to mitigate the adverse effects of the London Heathrow Airport (LHR) expansion entailed strengthening of consolidation centre efforts, freight collaboration, intelligent booking systems, use of low-carbon technologies, smart scheduling for revising the timetabling of deliveries, and greater use of rail transport for air cargo. The research highlights novel insights regarding existing freight-related issues from industry and academic experts, and further thoughts in relation to increased cargo activities stemming from the LHR expansion.

Diffusion of low-carbon technologies and the feasibility of long-term climate targets

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 103-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokul Iyer ◽  
Nathan Hultman ◽  
Jiyong Eom ◽  
Haewon McJeon ◽  
Pralit Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Carbon ◽  
Climate Targets ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

Simulation and Analysis for Sustainability in Manufacturing Processes

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Muroyama ◽  
Mahesh Mani ◽  
Kevin Lyons ◽  
Bjorn Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Golf Ball ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Des Model

“Sustainability” has become a ubiquitous term in almost every field, especially in engineering design and manufacturing. Recently, an increased awareness of environmental problems and resource depletion has led to an emphasis on environmentally friendly practices. This is especially true in the manufacturing industry where energy consumption and the amount of waste generated can be high. This requires proactive tools to be developed to carefully analyze the cause-effect of current manufacturing practices and to investigate alternative practices. One such approach to sustainable manufacturing is the combined use of Discrete Event Simulation (DES) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to analyze the utilization and processing of manufacturing resources in a factory setting. On an economic aspect such method can significantly reduce the financial and environmental costs by evaluating the system performance before its construction or use. This project considers what-if scenarios in a simplified golf ball factory, using as close to real-world data as possible, to demonstrate DES and LCA’s ability to facilitate decision-making and optimize the manufacturing process. Plastic injection molding, an energy-intensive step in the golf ball manufacturing process, is the focus of the DES model. AutoMod, a 3-D modeling software, was used to build the DES model and AutoStat was used to run the trials and analyze the data. By varying the input parameters such as type and number of injection molding machines and material used, the simulation model can output data indicating the most productive and energy efficient methods. On a more detailed level, the simulations can provide valuable information on bottlenecks or imbalances in the system. Correcting these can allow the factory to be both “greener” and more cost-effective.

scholarly journals Energy Transition Investments and Financing Instruments

Federalism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100-114
Author(s):  
N. V. Bahtizina ◽  
A. R. Bahtizin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Innovation Fund ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies ◽  
The Eu

International organizations representing the interests of energy-deficient developed countries are urging to solve the problem of global warming through the Energy Transition, which implies decarbonization of the world economy. The implementation of the Energy Transition requires annual investments of 3% of world GDP in energy efficiency, renewable energy, electric vehicles, etc. In 2020, despite the acceleration of dynamics, the volume of world investments was more than 5 times lower than required. The leaders in investments in clean energy are the technologically developed countries of Europe, the USA, Japan, as well as developing countries – China and Brazil, striving for technological independence. In order to expand its presence in the promising market for low carbon technologies, the EU pays special  attention  to  innovations  in  the  field  of  clean  energy,  financing  them  through  the Innovation Fund. To prevent Russia’s technological backwardness and reduce the carbon footprint of export products, it is advisable to envisage the possibility of state support for innovative projects in the field of clean energy from the Climate Fund.

Optimal approaches to manage power system decarbonation

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1447-1452
Author(s):  
Vincent Mazauric ◽  
Ariane Millot ◽  
Claude Le Pape-Gardeux ◽  
Nadia Maïzi
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Linear Programming ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Power System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Faraday’S Law ◽  
Optimal Description ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies

To overcome the negative environemental impact of the actual power system, an optimal description of quasi-static electromagnetics relying on a reversible interpretation of the Faraday’s law is given. Due to the overabundance of carbon-free energy sources, this description makes it possible to consider an evolution towards an energy system favoring low-carbon technologies. The management for changing is then explored through a simplified linear-programming problem and an analogy with phase transitions in physics is drawn.

Russian low carbon development strategy

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
I. A. Bashmakov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Scenario Projections

The article presents the key results of scenario projections that underpinned the Strategy for long-term low carbon economic development of the Russian Federation to 2050, including analysis of potential Russia’s GHG emission mitigation commitments to 2050 and assessment of relevant costs, benefits, and implications for Russia’s GDP. Low carbon transformation of the Russian economy is presented as a potential driver for economic growth that offers trillions-of-dollars-worth market niches for low carbon products by mid-21st century. Transition to low carbon economic growth is irreversible. Lagging behind in this technological race entails a security risk and technological backwardness hazards.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document