Prediction of Supporting Hand Forces for Common Automotive Assembly Tasks Based on Optimization and Stability Techniques for Given Posture

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Howard ◽  
Jingzhou (James) Yang ◽  
Guolai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Automotive Assembly ◽  
Zero Moment ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Electrical Components ◽  
Assembly Tasks ◽  
Hand Forces

Quite often people are faced with one handed tasks in which the other hand is needed for support. Without these supporting external forces, postures may be unstable, rendering the task impossible. Automotive assembly line operators are confronted with these types of tasks every day, such as hose installations and the connection of electrical components. Determining the optimal location and forces for the supporting hand is important to minimize potential injuries of operators. Traditionally, these supporting hand forces are measured by experiments. This work attempts to provide an important predictive tool that promises to be of considerable value to companies in predicting leaning forces in work simulation for the proactive ergonomic assessment of work tasks. It presents a method using optimization and stability analysis techniques. Stability is based on the calculation of a three dimensional zero moment point (3D-ZMP) and the resultant reaction loads, calculated from the joint torque. The formulation of the optimization problem used to predict the supporting hand forces is presented and tested using tasks commonly encountered by automotive assembly workers. The results are compared to that in literature, providing an initial validation of the methods. The predicted external forces fell within the 95% confidence intervals calculated from the literature for all tasks.

Optimal Posture and Supporting Hand Force Prediction for Common Automotive Assembly One-Handed Tasks

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Howard ◽  
James Yang ◽  
Burak Ozsoy
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
External Support ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Automotive Assembly ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Hand Forces

People often complete tasks using one hand for the task and one hand for support. These one-handed support tasks can be found in many different types of jobs, such as automotive assembly jobs. Optimization-based posture prediction has proven to be a valid tool in predicting the postures necessary to complete the tasks, but the related external support forces have been prescribed and not predicted. This paper presents a method in which the optimal posture and related supporting hand forces can be predicted simultaneously using optimization and stability analysis techniques. Postures are evaluated using a physics-based human performance measure (HPM) while external forces are assessed using stability analysis. The physics-based performance measures are based on joint torque. Stability is analyzed using criteria based on a 3D zero moment point (ZMP). The human model used in the prediction contains 56 degrees of freedom and is based on a 50th percentile female in stature. Tasks based on common automotive assembly one-handed tasks found in literature are considered as examples to test the proposed method. Overall, the predicted supporting hand forces have good correlation with experimentally measured forces.

An Estimation of Supporting Hand Forces for Common Automotive Assembly Tasks

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Godin ◽  
Joshua Cashaback ◽  
Joel Cort ◽  
Jim Potvin ◽  
Allison Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Assembly ◽  
Assembly Tasks ◽  
Hand Forces

Three-dimensional asymmetric maximum weight lifting prediction considering dynamic joint strength

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192098703
Author(s):  
Rahid Zaman ◽  
Yujiang Xiang ◽  
Jazmin Cruz ◽  
James Yang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Asymmetric Lifting

In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) asymmetric maximum weight lifting is predicted using an inverse-dynamics-based optimization method considering dynamic joint torque limits. The dynamic joint torque limits are functions of joint angles and angular velocities, and imposed on the hip, knee, ankle, wrist, elbow, shoulder, and lumbar spine joints. The 3D model has 40 degrees of freedom (DOFs) including 34 physical revolute joints and 6 global joints. A multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem is solved by simultaneously maximizing box weight and minimizing the sum of joint torque squares. A total of 12 male subjects were recruited to conduct maximum weight box lifting using squat-lifting strategy. Finally, the predicted lifting motion, ground reaction forces, and maximum lifting weight are validated with the experimental data. The prediction results agree well with the experimental data and the model’s predictive capability is demonstrated. This is the first study that uses MOO to predict maximum lifting weight and 3D asymmetric lifting motion while considering dynamic joint torque limits. The proposed method has the potential to prevent individuals’ risk of injury for lifting.

A Transient Simulation of Heated Soil Vapor Extraction System

Volume 1 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Roy ◽  
R. S. Amano ◽  
J. Jatkar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soil Vapor Extraction ◽  
Extraction System ◽  
Vapor Extraction ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Heating Source ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Heated Soil ◽  
Remediation Process

Soil remediation process by heated soil vapor extraction system has drawn considerably attention for the last few years. The areas around chemical companies or waste disposal sites have been seriously contaminated from the chemicals and other polluting materials that are disposed off. Our present study is concentrated on modeling one transient Heated Soil Vapor Extraction System and predicting the time required for effective remediation. The process developed by Advanced Remedial Technology, consists of a heating source pipe and the extraction well embedded in the soil. The number of heat source pipes and the extraction wells depends on the type of soil, the type of pollutants, moisture content of the soil and the size of the area to be cleaned. The heat source heats the soil, which is transported in the interior part of the soil by means of conduction and convection. This heating of soil results in vaporization of the gases, which are then driven out of the soil by the extraction well. The extraction well consists of the blower which would suck the vaporized gases out of the system. A three-dimensional meshed geometry was developed using gambit. Different boundary conditions were used for heating and suction well and for other boundaries. Concentrations of different chemicals were collected from the actual site and this data was used as an initial condition. The analysis uses the species transport and discrete phase modeling to predict the time required to clean the soil under specific conditions. This analysis could be used for predicting the changes of chemical concentrations in the soil during the remediation process. This will give us more insight to the physical phenomena and serve as a numerical predictive tool for more efficient process.

Simulating Complex Automotive Assembly Tasks using the HUMOSIM Framework

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Thomas J. Armstrong ◽  
Matthew P. Reed ◽  
Suzanne G. Hoffman ◽  
Diana M. Wegner
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Assembly ◽  
Assembly Tasks

Energy Harvesting Aspects of Irregular Vibrating Forces Acting on Piezoelectric Devices

2015 ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Alessandro Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Output Current ◽  
Vibrating System ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Piezoelectric Devices ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

After a brief introduction of piezoelectric materials, this chapter focuses on the characterization of vibrating freestanding piezoelectric AlN devices forced by different external forces acting simultaneously. The analyzed vibrating forces are applied mainly to piezoelectric freestanding structures stimulated by irregular vibration phenomena. Particular kinds of theoretical noise signals are commented. The goal of the chapter is to analyze the effect of the noise in order to model the chaotic vibrating system and to predict the output current signals. Moreover, the author also shows a possible alternative way to detect different vibrating force directions in the three dimensional space by means of curved piezoelectric layouts.

scholarly journals Translocation through a narrow pore under a pulling force

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Niknam Hamidabad ◽  
Rouhollah Haji Abdolvahab
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Energy ◽  
External Force ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Translocation Time ◽  
Polymer Translocation ◽  
Pulling Force ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Polymer Shape

AbstractWe employ a three-dimensional molecular dynamics to simulate a driven polymer translocation through a nanopore by applying an external force, for four pore diameters and two external forces. To see the polymer and pore interaction effects on translocation time, we studied nine interaction energies. Moreover, to better understand the simulation results, we investigate polymer center of mass, shape factor and the monomer spatial distribution through the translocation process. Our results reveal that increasing the polymer-pore interaction energy is accompanied by an increase in the translocation time and decrease in the process rate. Furthermore, for pores with greater diameter, the translocation becomes faster. The shape analysis of the polymer indicates that the polymer shape is highly sensitive to the interaction energy. In great interactions, the monomers come close to the pore from both sides. As a result, the translocation becomes fast at first and slows down at last. Overall, it can be concluded that the external force does not play a major role in the shape and distribution of translocated monomers. However, the interaction energy between monomer and nanopore has a major effect especially on the distribution of translocated monomers on the trans side.

scholarly journals Strong Solutions of the Incompressible Navier–Stokes–Voigt Model

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Evgenii S. Baranovskii
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strong Solutions ◽  
Initial Boundary ◽  
Initial Boundary Value Problem ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Evolutionary Equation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Special Basis ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Initial Boundary Value

This paper deals with an initial-boundary value problem for the Navier–Stokes–Voigt equations describing unsteady flows of an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid. We give the strong formulation of this problem as a nonlinear evolutionary equation in Sobolev spaces. Using the Faedo–Galerkin method with a special basis of eigenfunctions of the Stokes operator, we construct a global-in-time strong solution, which is unique in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional domains. We also study the long-time asymptotic behavior of the velocity field under the assumption that the external forces field is conservative.

A force-resisting balance control strategy for a walking biped robot under an unknown, continuous force

Robotica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1495-1516
Author(s):  
Yeoun-Jae Kim ◽  
Joon-Yong Lee ◽  
Ju-Jang Lee
Keyword(s):  
External Force ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Biped Robot ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Double Support ◽  
Zero Moment ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Single Support Phase ◽  
Support Phase

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose and examine a force-resisting balance control strategy for a walking biped robot under the application of a sudden unknown, continuous force. We assume that the external force is acting on the pelvis of a walking biped robot and that the external force in the z-direction is negligible compared to the external forces in the x- and y-directions. The main control strategy involves moving the zero moment point (ZMP) of the walking robot to the center of the robot's sole resisting the externally applied force. This strategy is divided into three steps. The first step is to detect an abnormal situation in which an unknown continuous force is applied by examining the position of the ZMP. The second step is to move the ZMP of the robot to the center of the sole resisting the external force. The third step is to have the biped robot convert from single support phase (SSP) to double support phase (DSP) for an increased force-resisting capability. Computer simulations and experiments of the proposed methods are performed to benchmark the suggested control strategy.

A Study of Anti-Rolling Tank on Floating Vessel

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Sung Kim ◽  
Byung Hyuk Lee ◽  
Moo-Hyun Kim ◽  
Jong-Chun Park ◽  
Han Suk Choi
Keyword(s):  
Volterra Series ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ship Motion ◽  
Simulation Program ◽  
Linear Potential ◽  
Hydrodynamic Coefficients ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
Moving Particle ◽  
Vessel Motion ◽  
External Forces

Active anti-rolling tank (ART) is sophisticated equipment on a floating vessel to reduce roll motion for the slender ship-shape vessel. Three-dimensional panel based diffraction and radiation linear potential program employed to obtain hydrodynamic coefficients of floating vessel. For the ship motion, a BEM (Boundary Element Method)-based ship motion program was used and inner sloshing effects were conducted by a particle-based CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) program which is the Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS). By using panel program, the hydrodynamic coefficients were obtained in frequency domain, and then were converted into time domain ship motion simulation program. In this procedure, time memory effect was considered by Volterra series expansion. The ship motion program and sloshing program was coupled dynamically; inner tank received displacement, velocity and acceleration data from ship motion program and use them for inner tank motion, while the ship motion program was waiting external forces due to sloshing impact loads and inertia forces/moments from sloshing simulation program. Thus, two programs run simultaneously and allowed real time coupling effects of inner sloshing on vessel motion. By comparing response amplitude operator (RAO) of the vessel without anti-rolling tank, it was shown both values have good agreement. And then comparing between vessels with and without anti-rolling tank, it is shown that the effects of ART changed and shift RAOs. Furthermore, by changing the location of ART, location effects of ART were also investigated.

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