A Design Exploration of Genetically Engineered Myosin Motors

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Egan ◽  
Philip R. LeDuc ◽  
Jonathan Cagan ◽  
Christian Schunn
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Genetically Engineer ◽  
Myosin Motors

As technology advances, there is an increasing need to reliably output mechanical work at smaller scales. At the nanoscale, one of the most promising routes is utilizing biomolecular motors such as myosin proteins commonly found in cells. Myosins convert chemical energy into mechanical energy and are strong candidates for use as components of artificial nanodevices and multi-scale systems. Isoforms of the myosin superfamily of proteins are fine-tuned for specific cellular tasks such as intracellular transport, cell division, and muscle contraction. The modular structure that all myosins share makes it possible to genetically engineer them for fine-tuned performance in specific applications. In this study, a parametric analysis is conducted in order to explore the design space of Myosin II isoforms. The crossbridge model for myosin mechanics is used as a basis for a parametric study. The study sweeps commonly manipulated myosin performance variables and explores novel ways of tuning their performance. The analysis demonstrates the extent that myosin designs are alterable. Additionally, the study informs the biological community of gaps in experimentally tabulated myosin design parameters. The study lays the foundation for further progressing the design and optimization of individual myosins, a pivotal step in the eventual utilization of custom-built biomotors for a broad range of innovative nanotechnological devices.

Design and Optimization of Thermomechanical Actuator via Contour Shaping

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Chi Chen ◽  
Martin L. Culpepper
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Thermal Strain ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Axial Stiffness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Design Assessment ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
And Performance

In this paper we disclose how to contour the beams of micro-scale thermomechanical actuators (TMAs) in order to enhance the actuator’s thermal and mechanical performance. In this approach, we vary the cross section of the driving Joule heated beams over the length of the beam. Using this approach, (1) the stored mechanical energy and axial stiffness of beam may be modified to achieve an optimized force-displacement relationship, (2) the maximum achievable thermal strain of a driving beam may be increased by 29%, (3) actuator stroke may be increased by a factor of 3 or more, (4) identical force or displacement characteristics may be achieved with 90% reduction in power. This paper presents the theory and models used to predict the thermal and mechanical behavior of the actuator. The theory and models were used to create a deterministic link between the actuator’s design parameters and the actuator’s performance characteristics. The theory and models were combined within a design tool that shows less than 5% error from non-linear Finite Element Analysis simulations. The design tool has been used to generate plots that enable designers to (1) understand the qualitative relationships between design parameters and performance and (2) select first-pass design parameters. The theory was used to create a design tool, posted at http://psdam.mit.edu, that may be used to perform qualitative design assessment and optimization.

scholarly journals Geometric Design-based Dimensional Synthesis of a Novel Metamorphic Multi-fingered Hand with Maximal Workspace

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei An ◽  
Jun Wei ◽  
Xiaoyu Lu ◽  
Jian S. Dai ◽  
Yanzeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Design ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Discretization Method ◽  
Dimensional Synthesis ◽  
Symmetrical Structure ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Total Length

AbstractCurrent research on robotic dexterous hands mainly focuses on designing new finger and palm structures, as well as developing smarter control algorithms. Although the dimensional synthesis of dexterous hands with traditional rigid palms has been carried out, research on the dimensional synthesis of dexterous hands with metamorphic palms remains insufficient. This study investigated the dimensional synthesis of a palm of a novel metamorphic multi-fingered hand, and explored the geometric design for maximizing the precision manipulation workspace. Different indexes were used to value the workspace of the metamorphic hand, and the best proportions between the five links of the palm to obtain the optimal workspace of the metamorphic hand were explored. Based on the fixed total length of the palm member, four nondimensional design parameters that determine the size of the palm were introduced; through the discretization method, the influence of the four design parameters on the workspace of the metamorphic hand with full-actuated fingers and under-actuated fingers was analyzed. Based on the analysis of the metamorphic multi-fingered hand, the symmetrical structure of the palm was designed, resulting in the largest workspace of the multi-fingered hand, and proved that the metamorphic palm has a massive upgrade for the workspace of underactuated fingers. This research contributed to the dimensional synthesis of metamorphic dexterous hands, with practical significance for the design and optimization of novel metamorphic hands.

scholarly journals Design and optimization of differential capacitive micro accelerometer for vibration measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Kumar Gomathi ◽  
Arunachalam Balaji ◽  
Thangaraj Mrunalini
Keyword(s):  
Software Design ◽  
Proof Mass ◽  
Vibration Measurement ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Mechanical Sensitivity ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Capacitive Accelerometer ◽  
Cross Axis ◽  
Micro Accelerometer

Abstract This paper deals with the design and optimization of a differential capacitive micro accelerometer for better displacement since other types of micro accelerometer lags in sensitivity and linearity. To overcome this problem, a capacitive area-changed technique is adopted to improve the sensitivity even in a wide acceleration range (0–100 g). The linearity is improved by designing a U-folded suspension. The movable mass of the accelerometer is designed with many fingers connected in parallel and suspended over the stationary electrodes. This arrangement gives the differential comb-type capacitive accelerometer. The area changed capacitive accelerometer is designed using Intellisuite 8.6 Software. Design parameters such as spring width and radius, length, and width of the proof mass are optimized using Minitab 17 software. Mechanical sensitivity of 0.3506 μm/g and Electrical sensitivity of 4.706 μF/g are achieved. The highest displacement of 7.899 μm is obtained with a cross-axis sensitivity of 0.47%.

Design and optimization of bump (compression surface) for diverterless supersonic inlet

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441002110029
Author(s):  
Irsalan Arif ◽  
Hassan Iftikhar ◽  
Ali Javed
Keyword(s):  
Fitness Function ◽  
Supersonic Jet ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Pressure Recovery ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Inlet System ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Supersonic Inlet

In this article design and optimization scheme of a three-dimensional bump surface for a supersonic aircraft is presented. A baseline bump and inlet duct with forward cowl lip is initially modeled in accordance with an existing bump configuration on a supersonic jet aircraft. Various design parameters for bump surface of diverterless supersonic inlet systems are identified, and design space is established using sensitivity analysis to identify the uncertainty associated with each design parameter by the one-factor-at-a-time approach. Subsequently, the designed configurations are selected by performing a three-level design of experiments using the Box–Behnken method and the numerical simulations. Surrogate modeling is carried out by the least square regression method to identify the fitness function, and optimization is performed using genetic algorithm based on pressure recovery as the objective function. The resultant optimized bump configuration demonstrates significant improvement in pressure recovery and flow characteristics as compared to baseline configuration at both supersonic and subsonic flow conditions and at design and off-design conditions. The proposed design and optimization methodology can be applied for optimizing the bump surface design of any diverterless supersonic inlet system for maximizing the intake performance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Static Mapping for Dynamic Space-Shared Multi-task Processing on FPGAs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Ibrahim Minhas ◽  
Roger Woods ◽  
Georgios Karakonstantis
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Design Space Exploration ◽  
Design Space ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Temporal Constraints ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Task Processing ◽  
High Level ◽  
Performance Computing

AbstractWhilst FPGAs have been used in cloud ecosystems, it is still extremely challenging to achieve high compute density when mapping heterogeneous multi-tasks on shared resources at runtime. This work addresses this by treating the FPGA resource as a service and employing multi-task processing at the high level, design space exploration and static off-line partitioning in order to allow more efficient mapping of heterogeneous tasks onto the FPGA. In addition, a new, comprehensive runtime functional simulator is used to evaluate the effect of various spatial and temporal constraints on both the existing and new approaches when varying system design parameters. A comprehensive suite of real high performance computing tasks was implemented on a Nallatech 385 FPGA card and show that our approach can provide on average 2.9 × and 2.3 × higher system throughput for compute and mixed intensity tasks, while 0.2 × lower for memory intensive tasks due to external memory access latency and bandwidth limitations. The work has been extended by introducing a novel scheduling scheme to enhance temporal utilization of resources when using the proposed approach. Additional results for large queues of mixed intensity tasks (compute and memory) show that the proposed partitioning and scheduling approach can provide higher than 3 × system speedup over previous schemes.

Adaptive Geometry Representation of Turbine Vane Frames for Use in Optimization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian F. Riebl ◽  
Christian Wakelam ◽  
Reinhard Niehuis
Keyword(s):  
Design Space ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Turbine Vane ◽  
Integrated Concept

Abstract Turbine Vane Frames (TVF) are a way to realize more compact jet engine designs. Located between the high pressure turbine (HPT) and the low pressure turbine (LPT), they fulfill structural and aerodynamic tasks. When used as an integrated concept with splitters located between the structural load-bearing vanes, the TVF configuration contains more than one type of airfoil with sometimes pronouncedly different properties. This system of multidisciplinary demands and mixed blading poses an interesting opportunity for optimization. Within the scope of the present work, a full geometric parameterization of a TVF with splitters is presented. The parameterization is chosen as to minimize the number of parameters required to automatically and flexibly represent all blade types involved in a TVF row in all three dimensions. Typical blade design parameters are linked to the fourth order Bézier-curve controlled camber line-thickness parameterization. Based on conventional design rules, a procedure is presented, which sets the parameters within their permissible ranges according to the imposed constraints, using a proprietary developed code. The presented workflow relies on subsequent three dimensional geometry generation by transfer of the proposed parameter set to a commercially available CAD package. The interdependencies of parameters are discussed and their respective significance for the adjustment process is detailed. Furthermore, the capability of the chosen parameterization and adjustment process to rebuild an exemplary reference TVF geometry is demonstrated. The results are verified by comparing not only geometrical profile data, but also validated CFD simulation results between the rebuilt and original geometries. Measures taken to ensure the robustness of the method are highlighted and evaluated by exploring extremes in the permissible design space. Finally, the embedding of the proposed method within the framework of an automated, gradient free numerical optimization is discussed. Herein, implications of the proposed method on response surface modeling in combination with the optimization method are highlighted. The method promises to be an option for improvement of optimization efficiency in gradient free optimization of interdependent blade geometries, by a-priori excluding unsuitable blade combinations, yet keeping restrictions to the design space as limited as possible.

scholarly journals Simulation model of a pulsed spiral hydro-mechanical energy converter in the heat supply system of a building

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-397
Author(s):  
Anton A. Golyanin ◽  
◽  
Aleksey P. Levtsev ◽  
Anton V. Vdovin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Heat Supply System ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Energy Converter ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
Flow Energy ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Experimental Values

The objective was to develop a mathematical simulation model of a pulsed spiral hydro-mechanical flow energy converter with a variable speed operating in a pulsed mode. This simulation model can be used for calculating the optimal parameters of such devices. The mechanical energy generated by pulsed liquid can be applied in the driving gear of mini-hydroelectric generators working without drops in water pressure, pumping stations and heat networks providing pressure reduction, as well as in heater fans operating in damp or explosion-hazardous facilities. Pulsed spiral hydro-mechanical energy converters can be used for converting the energy of a liquid flow into rotational motion, which can be further transferred to an electric generator or capacitor. In this study, using the example of a hydro-mechanical converter with a cone-shaped coil, the equations of torque depending on the change in the frequency of flow interruption, the moment of inertia and the resistance in the supports were obtained. Design charts were built for the torque of a hydro-mechanical converter with a cone-shaped coil for a number of coil turns equal to 4 pcs., square tube section 0.00011 m2, and the length of the initial round 0.176 m. The validity of the equations was confirmed by a physical experiment with sufficient accuracy. The conducted comparison of simulated and experimental values showed their agreement with an error of less than 5%. According to the simulation results, design parameters for different models have their own characteristics.

An Adjoint Based Approach for Optimal Design of Morphing SMP

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Wang ◽  
John C. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Shape Change ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
Nonlinear Optimization Methods ◽  
Numerical Representations ◽  
Objective Functional

This work presents a strategy to identify the optimal localized activation and actuation for a morphing thermally activated SMP structure or structural component to obtain a targeted shape change or set of shape features, subject to design objectives such as minimal total required energy and time. This strategy combines numerical representations of the SMP structure’s thermo-mechanical behavior subject to activation and actuation with gradient-based nonlinear optimization methods to solve the morphing inverse problem that includes minimizing cost functions which address thermal and mechanical energy, morphing time, and damage. In particular, the optimization strategy utilizes the adjoint method to efficiently compute the gradient of the objective functional(s) with respect to the design parameters for this coupled thermo-mechanical problem.

Parameter Design of Conformal PML Based on 2D Monostatic RCS Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 726-733
Author(s):  
Yongjie Zhang ◽  
Xiaofeng Deng
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Scattering ◽  
Simulated Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Parameter Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Absorption Effect ◽  
Absorbing Boundary ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Annealing Algorithm

In this study, 2D finite element (FE) solving process with the conformal perfectly matched layer (PML) is elucidated to perform the electromagnetic scattering computation. With the 2D monostatic RCS as the optimization objective, a sensitivity analysis of the basic design parameters of conformal PML (e.g., layer thickness, loss factor, extension order and layer number) is conducted to identify the major parameters of conformal PML that exerts more significant influence on 2D RCS. Lastly, the major design parameters of conformal PML are optimized by the simulated annealing algorithm (SA). As revealed from the numerical examples, the parameter design and optimization method of conformal PML based on SA is capable of enhancing the absorption effect exerted by the conformal PML and decreasing the error of the RCS calculation. It is anticipated that the parameter design method of conformal PML based on RCS optimization can be applied to the cognate absorbing boundary and 3D electromagnetic computation.

scholarly journals Design Space Identification and Visualization for Continuous Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Diab ◽  
Dimitrios I. Gerogiorgis
Keyword(s):  
Design Space ◽  
Flow Chemistry ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Continuous Pharmaceutical Manufacturing ◽  
Continuous Flow Chemistry ◽  
Material Usage ◽  
Novel Processing ◽  
Insight Into

Progress in continuous flow chemistry over the past two decades has facilitated significant developments in the flow synthesis of a wide variety of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), the foundation of Continuous Pharmaceutical Manufacturing (CPM), which has gained interest for its potential to reduce material usage, energy and costs and the ability to access novel processing windows that would be otherwise hazardous if operated via traditional batch techniques. Design space investigation of manufacturing processes is a useful task in elucidating attainable regions of process performance and product quality attributes that can allow insight into process design and optimization prior to costly experimental campaigns and pilot plant studies. This study discusses recent demonstrations from the literature on design space investigation and visualization for continuous API production and highlights attainable regions of recoveries, material efficiencies, flowsheet complexity and cost components for upstream (reaction + separation) via modeling, simulation and nonlinear optimization, providing insight into optimal CPM operation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document