A Review of Bird-Inspired Flapping Wing Miniature Air Vehicle Designs

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Gerdes ◽  
Satyandra K. Gupta ◽  
Stephen A. Wilkerson
Keyword(s):  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Air Vehicle ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Comprehensive Listing ◽  
Test Flight ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Design Challenges

Physical and aerodynamic characteristics of the bird in flight may offer benefits over typical propeller or rotor driven miniature air vehicle (MAV) locomotion designs in certain types of scenarios. A number of research groups and companies have developed flapping wing vehicles that attempt to harness these benefits. The purpose of this paper is to report different types of flapping wing designs and compare their salient characteristics. For each category, advantages and disadvantages will be discussed. The discussion presented will be limited to miniature-sized flapping wing air vehicles, defined as 10–100 grams total weight. The discussion will be focused primarily on ornithopters which have performed at least one successful test flight. Additionally, this paper is intended to provide a representation of the field of current technology, rather than providing a comprehensive listing of all possible designs. This paper will familiarize a newcomer to the field with existing designs and their distinguishing features. By studying existing designs, future designers will be able to adopt features from other successful designs. This paper also summarizes the design challenges associated with the further advancement of the field and deploying flapping wing vehicles in practice.

A Review of Bird-Inspired Flapping Wing Miniature Air Vehicle Designs

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Gerdes ◽  
Satyandra K. Gupta ◽  
Stephen A. Wilkerson
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Air Vehicle ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Comprehensive Listing ◽  
Test Flight ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Design Challenges

Physical and aerodynamic characteristics of a bird in flight offer benefits over typical propeller or rotor driven miniature air vehicle (MAV) locomotion designs in certain applications. A number of research groups and companies have developed flapping wing vehicles that attempt to harness these benefits. The purpose of this paper is to report different types of flapping wing miniature air vehicle designs and compare their salient characteristics. This paper is focused on mechanical design aspects of mechanisms and wings. The discussion presented will be limited to miniature-sized flapping wing air vehicles, defined as 10 to 100 g total weight. The discussion will be focused primarily on designs which have performed at least one successful test flight. This paper provides representative designs in each category, rather than providing a comprehensive listing of all existing designs. This paper will familiarize a newcomer to the field with existing designs and their distinguishing features. By studying existing designs, future designers will be able to adopt features from other successful designs. This paper also summarizes the design challenges associated with the further advancement of the field and deploying flapping wing vehicles in practice.

scholarly journals Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Ventilated Design for Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
G. Q. Zhang ◽  
S. C. M. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Lift Force ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Micro Air Vehicle ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Forward Flight ◽  
Careful Control ◽  
Air Vehicle

Inspired by superior flight performance of natural flight masters like birds and insects and based on the ventilating flaps that can be opened and closed by the changing air pressure around the wing, a new flapping wing type has been proposed. It is known that the net lift force generated by a solid wing in a flapping cycle is nearly zero. However, for the case of the ventilated wing, results for the net lift force are positive which is due to the effect created by the “ventilation” in reducing negative lift force during the upstroke. The presence of moving flaps can serve as the variable in which, through careful control of the areas, a correlation with the decrease in negative lift can be generated. The corresponding aerodynamic characteristics have been investigated numerically by using different flapping frequencies and forward flight speeds.

Aerodynamical Improvement of Delta Wing and Flapping Wing

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadateru Ishide ◽  
Kazuya Naganuma ◽  
Shinsuke Seiji ◽  
Hiroyuki Ishikawa ◽  
Ryo Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Force Measurement ◽  
Delta Wing ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Fluid Force ◽  
Unmanned Air Vehicle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Air Vehicle ◽  
Piv Analysis

Recently, various studies of Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) and Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) have been reported from wide range points of view. The aim of this study are researching the aerodynamic improvement of delta wing and flapping wing in low Reynold’s number region to develop an applicative these air vehicle. Various configurations of Leading Edge Flap (LEF) are used to enhance the aerodynamic characteristics in the delta wing. The six kind of elliptical wings made of stainless steel are used in the flapping wing. The effects of flapping amplitude and wing configuration regarding the aerodynamic characteristics are investigated in detail. The fluid force measurement by six component load cell and PIV analysis are performed as the experimental method. In the flapping wing experiment, the simultaneous measuring of the fluid force measurement and PIV analysis is tried by using the trigger signal from the encoder attached to the flapping model. The relations between the aerodynamic superiority and the vortex behavior around the models are demonstrated.

Direct Sensing of Wing Flapping and Rotation Parameters for a Hawkmoth-Sized Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjana Sahai
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wing Motion ◽  
Air Vehicle ◽  
Direct Sensing ◽  
Present Design ◽  
Rotation Parameters ◽  
Design Reasoning ◽  
Control Surfaces

Many insights can still be gained from the flapping flight of nature’s flyers, particularly from how they can effortlessly transition between flight modes and maneuver in obstacle-strewn environments. Furthermore, they are able to do this without the typical control surfaces found in manmade vehicles. Many theories have been postulated on how this is accomplished and they often involve control of individual wing position and stroke velocity. As such, direct sensing of wing motion both in flapping and in rotation would be desirable. In this work, we look at implementing wing motion sensing through the use of optical sensors. We develop sensing designs for both the transmissive and reflective sensor types, present design reasoning, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of their use. Finally, we employ the sensors on the wing of a flapping wing MAV capable of power autonomous flight and demonstrate successful sensor tracking of general wing motion.

Studies on Chemical Methods to Expose Gate/Tunnel Oxide and Identification of Gate/Tunnel Oxide Defects in Wafer Fabrication

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. N. Hua ◽  
G. B. Ang ◽  
S. Redkar ◽  
Yogaspari ◽  
Wilma Richter
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Wafer Fabrication ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Capacitor Structure ◽  
Oxide Defects ◽  
Buffer Oxide Etchant ◽  
Etch Time

Abstract In failure analysis of wafer fabrication, currently, three different types of chemical methods including 6:6:1 (Acetic Acid/HNO3/HF), NaOH and Choline are used in removing polysilicon (poly) layer and exposing the gate/tunnel oxide underneath. However, usage is limited due to their disadvantages. For example, 6:6:1 is a relatively fast etchant, but it is difficult to control the etch time and keep the oxide layer intact. Also, while using NaOH to remove poly and expose the silicon oxide, the solution needs to be heated. It is also difficult to etch a poly layer with a WSix or a CoSix silicide using NaOH. In this paper, we will discuss these 3 etchants in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. We will then introduce a new poly etchant, called HB91. HB91 is useful for removing poly to expose the gate/tunnel oxide for identification of related defects. HB91 is actually a mixture of two chemicals namely nitric acid (HNO3) and buffer oxide etchant (BOE) in a 9:1 ratio. The experimental results show that it is highly selective in poly removal with respect to the gate/tunnel oxide and is a suitable poly etchant especially for removing polysilicon with/without WSix and CoSix in the large capacitor structure. Application results of this poly etchant (HB91) will be presented.

Design and Fabrication of an SU-8 Biomimetic Flapping-wing Micro Air Vehicle by MEMS Technology

ROBOT ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng CHI ◽  
Weiping ZHANG ◽  
Wenyuan CHEN ◽  
Hongyi LI ◽  
Kun MENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Micro Air Vehicle ◽  
Air Vehicle ◽  
Mems Technology

Design, aerodynamic analysis and test flight of a bat-inspired tailless flapping wing unmanned aerial vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 106557
Author(s):  
Dawei Bie ◽  
Daochun Li ◽  
Jinwu Xiang ◽  
Huadong Li ◽  
Zi Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Aerodynamic Analysis ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Test Flight
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